US5502158A
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Degradable polymer composition
Assignee: Ecopol LLC
•
Filing: 1992-09-22
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Granted: 1996-03-26
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Expires: 2012-09-22
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed are degradable materials which include a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer and nontoxic modifier, wherein the modifier is compatible with the polymer and the modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive. Also disclosed are processes for forming the various degradable materials, which include films, molded products, laminates, foams, powders, nonwovens, adhesives and coatings. The disclosed materials and processes are particularly useful for the production of commercial and consumer products in high volumes which are suitable for recycling after use or which are discarded into the environment in large volumes.
Inventors
- 👤 Richard G. Sinclair
- 👤 Edward S. Lipinsky
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 04:19
CPC Classifications
D; D21; D21H; D21H17/00; D21H17/20; D21H17/33; D21H17/46; D21H17/53; A; A61; A61L; A61L15/00; A61L15/16; A61L15/22; A61L15/26; A61L15/42; A61L15/62; C; C08; C08G; C08G63/00; C08G63/02; C08G63/06; C08G63/08; C08J; C08J5/00; C08J5/18; C08K; C08K5/00; C08K5/04; C08K5/10; C08K5/101; C08L; C08L101/00; C08L53/00; C08L57/00; C08L67/00; C08L67/04; C09; C09D; C09D167/00; C09D167/04; C09J; C09J167/00; C09J167/04; B; B01; B01J; B01J2219/00; B01J2219/19; B01J2219/194; B01J2219/1941; B01J2219/1942; C08J2367/00; C08J2367/04; C08L2666/00; C08L2666/28
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 80
Claim 1
Independent Claim
148 words
A degradable film material comprising: a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR6## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' R' being the same, or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 R 4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12; b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer such that the film material has a uniform appearance and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and c) wherein said film material has a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
148 words
A degradable film material comprising: a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR6## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' R' being the same, or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 R 4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12; b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer such that the film material has a uniform appearance and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and c) wherein said film material has a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer has a weight average molecular weight from about 5,000 to about 1,500,000.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
11 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer is biodegradable.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
98 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer comprises repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR7## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 and R 2 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
The film material of claim 4, wherein said polymer has a weight average molecular weight from about 100,000 to about 500,000.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
61 words
The film material of claim 4, wherein said repeating monomer or comonomer units comprise repeating monomer or comonomer units derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, gamma-hydroxycarboxylic acids, delta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, epsilon-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, gamma-lactones, delta-lactones, epsilon-lactones, beta-lactams, gamma-lactams, delta-lactams, epsilon-lactams, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, dioxanones, substituted variations of the foregoing compounds, and combinations thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
41 words
The film material of claim 4, wherein said repeating units comprise repeating units derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, glycolic acid, epsilon-hydroxycaproic acid, lactide, glycolide, epsilon-caprolactone, delta-valerolactone, substituted variations of the foregoing compounds, and combinations thereof.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
36 words
The film material of claim 4, wherein said polymer is produced by polymerization of monomers, at least 50% by weight of which are monomers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, and combinations thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
36 words
The film material of claim 8, wherein said lactide monomers comprise a preponderance of optically active lactide and a lesser amount of optically inactive lactide selected from the group consisting of racemic L,D-lactide and meso L,D-lactide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
34 words
The film material of claim 4, wherein said polymer is produced by polymerization of monomers, at least 75% of which are monomers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide and combinations thereof.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
12 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer does not bioaccumulate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
16 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer and modifier are generally regarded as safe.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier is intimately dispersible in said polymer, and wherein said polymer is swellable in said modifier.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
27 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier has a solubility parameter within about 2.0 calories per cubic centimeter of the solubility parameter of said polymer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier has a solubility parameter within about 1.0 calories per cubic centimeter of the solubility parameter of said polymer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier has a solubility parameter within about 0.5 calories per cubic centimeter of the solubility parameter of said polymer.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
24 words
The film material of claim 4, wherein said solubility parameter of said modifier is from about 7.5 to about 16.5 calories per cubic centimeter.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
24 words
The film material of claim 4, wherein said solubility parameter of said modifier is from about 8.0 to about 12.0 calories per cubic centimeter.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
24 words
The film material of claim 4, wherein said polymer has a solubility parameter of from about 9.0 to about 11.0 calories per cubic centimeter.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer and modifier have hydrogen bonding indices within about 10 units of each other.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
The film material of claim 20, wherein said polymer and modifier have hydrogen bonding indices within about 5 units of each other.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
21 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer and modifier dielectric constants are within about 20 units of each other.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
21 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer and modifier dielectric constants are within about 5 units of each other.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
21 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer and modifier have dipole moments within about 6 units of each other.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
21 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer and modifier have dipole moments within about 2 units of each other.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
25 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer and modifier have HLB values within about 5 and about 8 HLB units of each other.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
25 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer and modifier have HLB values within about 3 and about 6 HLB units of each other.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
15 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer is less than about 20% crystalline.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
27 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein the polymer is a copolymer in which no one monomer constitutes more than about 95 weight percent of the polymer.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
22 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier has a vapor pressure of less than about 50 Torr at 180° C.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
21 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier has a boiling temperature above about 280° C. at 1 atmosphere pressure.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
20 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier is thermally and chemically stable at temperatures below about 130° C.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
91 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, ε-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, ketones, amides, nitriles, and combinations of the foregoing.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
70 words
The film material of claim 33, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of adipic acid derivatives, azelaic acid derivatives, cyclic esters of oligomers of lactic acid, esters of oligomers of lactic acid, citric acid derivatives, polyesters of adipic acid, polyesters of azelaic acid, polyesters of sebacic acid, sebacic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, and combinations thereof.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
154 words
The film material of claim 33, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, diisodecyl adipate, bis(2-butoxyethyl) adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)azelate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, acetylated lactoyllactate ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl citrate, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, epoxidized soy oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, diethylene glycol dinonanoate, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate), pentaerythritol esters, alkoxy sucrose and glucose, acylated sucrose and glucose, alkylated and acylated glycols, starch esters, N-acylated amino acid esters, amide derivatives and oligomers of N-acylated amino acid esters, polyethylene glycol ethers, sulfonamides and derivatives, tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, sebacic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, di-n-butyl sebacate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, and combinations thereof.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
99 words
The film material of claim 33, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, bis(2-butoxyethyl)adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)azelate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl citrate, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, epoxidized soy oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, diethylene glycol dinonanoate, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate), butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, sebacic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 246 to about 8000, di-n-butyl sebacate, and combinations thereof.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
75 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, epsilon-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, and combinations of the foregoing.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
56 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of adipic acid derivatives, azelaic acid derivatives, cyclic esters, oligomers of lactic acid, esters of oligomers of lactic acid, citric acid derivatives, polyesters of adipic acid, polyesters of azelaic acid, polyesters of sebacic acid, sebacic acid derivatives, and combinations thereof.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
60 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, and combinations thereof.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
52 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, oligomers of lactic acid, oligomers of lactide and mixtures thereof, wherein said oligomers of lactic acid and oligomers of lactide are defined by the formula: ##STR8## where m is an integer: 2≦m≦75.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
64 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises oligomeric derivatives of lactic acid and lactide selected from the group defined by the formula: ##STR9## where R=H, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or acetyl or acyl, and R is saturated, where R'=H, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or acyl, and R' is saturated, where R and R' cannot both be H, where q is an integer: 2≦q≦75.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
42 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of acetyl tributyl citrate, lactide, glycolide, lactic acid esters, dimethyl adipate, diethyl adipate, caprolactone, acetyl triethyl citrate, bis 2-ethyl hexyl sebacate, and bis 2-ethyl hexyl adipate.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
22 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of dibutyl sebacate and triethyl citrate.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
17 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer is polylactic acid and said modifier is 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
19 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said polymer is polylactic acid and said modifier is N-ethyl o,p-toluene sulfonamide.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
21 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said material comprises between about 1% to about 60% by weight of said modifier.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
12 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier is hydrolytically degradable.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
10 words
The film material of claim wherein said modifier is biodegradable.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
12 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier does not bioaccumulate.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
15 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said modifier is intimately dispersed in said polymer.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
14 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said film material is a packaging material.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
14 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said film material is an extruded film.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
14 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said film material is a blown film.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
15 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said film material is a compression molded film.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
19 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said film material has a thickness of less than about 50 mil.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
20 words
The film material of claim 1, wherein said film material has a thickness sufficient to be designated a sheet material.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
17 words
A plasticized polylactic acid film packaging material having a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
17 words
A plasticized polylactic acid film packaging material having a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
155 words
A process for producing a degradable film material, comprising: forming a composition comprising a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR10## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12, and a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer, such that the material has a uniform appearance, into a film having a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi under conditions such that said modifier is substantially nonvolatile.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
155 words
A process for producing a degradable film material, comprising: forming a composition comprising a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR10## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12, and a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer, such that the material has a uniform appearance, into a film having a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi under conditions such that said modifier is substantially nonvolatile.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process as claimed in claim 58, wherein less than about 25 percent by weight of said modifier is volatilized during said step of forming.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as claimed in claim 58, wherein said step of forming comprises compression molding said composition.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process as claimed in claim 58, wherein said step of forming comprises extruding said composition.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as claimed in claim 58, wherein said film has a thickness of less than about 50 mil.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process as claimed in claim 58, wherein said modifier is substantially nonextractable.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process as claimed in claim 58, wherein said modifier has low extractability.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
147 words
A degradable molded material comprising: a) a nontoxic hydrolyrically degradable polymer, comprising repeating monomer comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR11## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12; b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer such that the material has a uniform appearance and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and c) wherein said material has a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
147 words
A degradable molded material comprising: a) a nontoxic hydrolyrically degradable polymer, comprising repeating monomer comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR11## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12; b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer such that the material has a uniform appearance and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and c) wherein said material has a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
133 words
A degradable foam material comprising: a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR12## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12; b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer such that the material has a uniform appearance and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
133 words
A degradable foam material comprising: a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR12## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12; b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer such that the material has a uniform appearance and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
134 words
A degradable spun-bonded nonwoven material comprising: a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR13## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and wherein n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12; b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer such that the material has a uniform appearance and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
134 words
A degradable spun-bonded nonwoven material comprising: a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR13## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and wherein n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12; b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer such that the material has a uniform appearance and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
133 words
A degradable adhesive material comprising: a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR14## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12; b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer such that the material has a uniform appearance and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
133 words
A degradable adhesive material comprising: a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR14## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n 1 and n 2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12; b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer such that the material has a uniform appearance and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
32 words
The film material of claim 8, wherein said lactide monomers comprise a preponderance of optically inactive lactide and a lesser amount of plasticizer to form an amorphous, but orientable, pliable, packaging composition.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
13 words
The film material of claim 52, wherein said film is extruded and oriented.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
14 words
The film material of claim 52, wherein said film is extruded, oriented, and heat-set.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
15 words
The film material of claim 52, wherein said film is extruded, oriented, heat-set, and transparent.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
13 words
The film material of claim 52, wherein said film is extruded and crystalline.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1999-03-26 | 1999-09-25 | 2000-03-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2003-03-26 | 2003-09-25 | 2004-03-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2007-03-26 | 2007-09-25 | 2008-03-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |