US5498282A
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US
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Color changing pan paint compositions
Assignee: Crayola LLC
•
Filing: 1994-10-03
•
Granted: 1996-03-12
•
Expires: 2014-10-03
Abstract
Abstract Pan paints and associated color-changing systems are disclosed. In a first embodiment, the color-changing system comprises an undercolor pan paint coloring composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and/or in the presence of a reducing agent; and an overcolor composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and/or in the presence of a reducing agent, and a base such that the pH of the overcolor composition is about 10 or greater and/or a reducing agent. In a second embodiment, the color-changing system comprises an undercolor coloring composition comprising an undercolor dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and an overcolor coloring composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less and an acid such that the pH of the overcolor coloring composition is about 4 or less; wherein one or both of the coloring compositions is a pan paint.
Inventors
- 👤 Richard E. Miller
- 👤 Robert C. Dereamus
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 18:32
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09D; C09D11/00; C09D11/50; B; B05; B05D; B05D1/00; B05D1/36; B05D7/00; B05D7/50; B05D7/52; B05D7/54; B44; B44D; B44D2/00; B44F; B44F1/00; B44F1/08; B44F1/10; C09D5/00; C09D5/06; C09D7/00; B05D2451/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 67
Claim 1
Independent Claim
96 words
A pan paint composition comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.9% of a water-soluble resin; and from about 0.1% to about 20% of a water-soluble dye selected from the group consisting of dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more; dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a reducing agent; and dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more and in the presence of a reducing agent.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
96 words
A pan paint composition comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.9% of a water-soluble resin; and from about 0.1% to about 20% of a water-soluble dye selected from the group consisting of dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more; dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a reducing agent; and dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more and in the presence of a reducing agent.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
171 words
A pan paint composition according to claim 1, comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.9% of a water-soluble resin; a plasticizer or nucleating agent in a total amount in the range of 0% to about 40%; from 0% to about 15% water; from 0% to about 20% of an opacifier; from 0% to about 25% of a filler; from 0% to about 10% of a surfactant; from 0% to about 5% of a preservative; from 0% to about 1% of a defoamer; from 0% to about 30% of a pigment; and from about 0.1% to about 20% of a water-soluble dye selected from the group consisting of dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more; dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a reducing agent; and dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more and in the presence of a reducing agent.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
46 words
A pan paint composition comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.9% of a water-soluble resin; and from about 0.1% to about 20% of a water-soluble dye whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
46 words
A pan paint composition comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.9% of a water-soluble resin; and from about 0.1% to about 20% of a water-soluble dye whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
131 words
A pan paint composition according to claim 3, comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.9% of a water-soluble resin; a plasticizer or nucleating agent in a total amount in the range of 0% to about 40%; from 0% to about 15% water; from 0% to about 20% of an opacifier; from 0% to about 25% of a filler; from 0% to about 10% of a surfactant; from 0% to about 5% of a preservative; from about 0% to about 1% of a defoamer; from 0% to about 30% of a pigment; from 0% to about 5% of a stabilizing base; and from about 0.1% to about 20% of a water-soluble dye whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
102 words
A pan paint composition comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.4% of a water-soluble resin; from 0% to about 30% of a pigment; from 0% to about 10% of a base; from 0% to about 20% of a reducing agent, provided that the total amount of base and reducing agent taken together is at least 0.5%; and from 0% to about 20% of a dye whose coloring ability is not destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more, provided that the total amount of colorant in the pan paint composition is at least 0.1%.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
102 words
A pan paint composition comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.4% of a water-soluble resin; from 0% to about 30% of a pigment; from 0% to about 10% of a base; from 0% to about 20% of a reducing agent, provided that the total amount of base and reducing agent taken together is at least 0.5%; and from 0% to about 20% of a dye whose coloring ability is not destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more, provided that the total amount of colorant in the pan paint composition is at least 0.1%.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
168 words
A pan paint composition according to claim 5, comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.4% of a water-soluble resin; a plasticizer or nucleating agent in a total amount in the range of 0% to about 40%; from 0 to about 15% water; from 0% to about 20% of an opacifier; from 0% to 25% of a filler; from 0% to about 10% of a surfactant; from 0% to about 5% of a preservative; from 0% to about 1% of a defoamer; from 0% to about 30% of a pigment; from 0% to about 10% of a base; from 0% to about 20% of a reducing agent, provided that the total amount of base and reducing agent taken together is at least 0.5%; and from 0% to about 20% of a dye whose coloring ability is not destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more, provided that the total amount of colorant in the pan paint composition is at least 0.1%.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
78 words
A pan paint composition comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.4% of a water-soluble resin; from 0% to about 30% of a pigment; from about 0.5% to about 30% of an acid; and from 0% to about 20% of a dye whose coloring ability is not destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less, provided that the total amount of colorant in the pan paint composition is at least 0.1%.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
78 words
A pan paint composition comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.4% of a water-soluble resin; from 0% to about 30% of a pigment; from about 0.5% to about 30% of an acid; and from 0% to about 20% of a dye whose coloring ability is not destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less, provided that the total amount of colorant in the pan paint composition is at least 0.1%.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
153 words
A pan paint composition according to claim 7, comprising by weight: from about 20% to about 99.4% of a water-soluble resin; a plasticizer or nucleating agent in a total amount in the range of 0% to about 40%; from 0% to about 15% water; from 0% to about 20% of an opacifier; from 0% to about 25% of a filler; from 0% to about 10% of a surfactant; from 0% to about 5% of a preservative; from 0% to about 1% of a defoamer; from 0% to about 30% of a pigment; from about 0.5% to about 30% of an acid; from 0% to about 3% of an antioxidant; and from 0% to about 20% of a dye whose coloring ability is not destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less, provided that the total amount of colorant in the pan paint composition is at least 0.1%.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
73 words
A coloring system comprising: a pan paint undercolor composition comprising a water-soluble solid carrier and a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; and an overcolor composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and a base such that the pH of the overcolor composition is about 10 or greater.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
73 words
A coloring system comprising: a pan paint undercolor composition comprising a water-soluble solid carrier and a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; and an overcolor composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and a base such that the pH of the overcolor composition is about 10 or greater.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
36 words
A coloring system according to claim 9, wherein said water-soluble carrier comprises a water-soluble resin selected from the group consisting of modified starches, water-soluble gums, water-soluble waxes, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, ethylene oxide polymers, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylamide.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
A coloring system according to claim 9, wherein said overcolor composition is an ink.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
A coloring system according to claim 10, wherein said resin is polyethylene glycol.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 12, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises an opacifier.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
22 words
A coloring system according to claim 13, wherein said opacifier is selected from the group consisting of barium sulfate and titanium dioxide.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 12, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a preservative.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 12, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a plasticizer.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
30 words
A coloring system according to claim 16, wherein said plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of stearyl alcohol and a polyethelthene glycol having a molecular weight of about 20,000.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 12, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a surfactant.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
14 words
A coloring system according to claim 18, wherein said surfactant is poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(nonylPhenyl)-omega-hydroxy-, branched.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
23 words
A coloring system according to claim 9, wherein said overcolor composition is a pan paint composition comprising said colorant and a water-soluble carrier.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
22 words
A coloring system according to claim 9, wherein said overcolor composition is an ink composition comprising said colorant and an aqueous carrier.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
73 words
A coloring system comprising: an undercolor composition comprising a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; and an overcolor pan paint composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and a base such that the pH of the overcolor composition is about 10 or greater and a water-soluble solid carrier.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
73 words
A coloring system comprising: an undercolor composition comprising a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater; and an overcolor pan paint composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and a base such that the pH of the overcolor composition is about 10 or greater and a water-soluble solid carrier.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
36 words
A coloring system according to claim 22, wherein said water-soluble carrier comprises a water-soluble resin selected from the group consisting of modified starches, water-soluble gums, water-soluble waxes, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, ethylene oxide polymers, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylamide.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
13 words
A coloring system according to claim 23, wherein said resin is polyethylene glycol.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 24, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises an opacifier.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
22 words
A coloring system according to claim 25, wherein said opacifier is selected from the group consisting of barium sulfate and titanium dioxide.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 24, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a preservative.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 24, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a plasticizer.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
30 words
A coloring system according to claim 28, wherein said plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of stearyl alcohol and a polyethelthene glycol having a molecular weight of about 20,000.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 24, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a surfactant.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
14 words
A coloring system according to claim 30, wherein said surfactant is poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(nonylPhenyl)-omega-hydroxy-, branched.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
22 words
A coloring system according to claim 22, wherein said undercolor composition is an ink composition comprising said colorant and an aqueous carrier.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
73 words
A coloring system comprising: a pan paint undercolor composition comprising a water-soluble solid carrier and a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and an overcolor composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less and an acid such that the pH of the overcolor composition is about 4 or less.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
73 words
A coloring system comprising: a pan paint undercolor composition comprising a water-soluble solid carrier and a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and an overcolor composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less and an acid such that the pH of the overcolor composition is about 4 or less.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
36 words
A coloring system according to claim 33, wherein said water-soluble carrier comprises a water-soluble resin selected from the group consisting of modified starches, water-soluble gums, water-soluble waxes, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, ethylene oxide polymers, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylamide.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
13 words
A coloring system according to claim 34, wherein said resin is polyethylene glycol.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 35, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises an opacifier.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
22 words
A coloring system according to claim 36, wherein said opacifier is selected from the group consisting of barium sulfate and titanium dioxide.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 35, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a preservative.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 35, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a plasticizer.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
30 words
A coloring system according to claim 39, wherein said plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of stearyl alcohol and a polyethelthene glycol having a molecular weight of about 20,000.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 35, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a surfactant.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
14 words
A coloring system according to claim 41, wherein said surfactant is poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(nonylPhenyl)-omega-hydroxy-, branched.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
23 words
A coloring system according to claim 33, wherein said overcolor composition is a pan paint composition comprising said colorant and a water-soluble carrier.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
22 words
A coloring system according to claim 33, wherein said overcolor composition is an ink composition comprising said colorant and an aqueous carrier.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
80 words
A coloring system comprising: an undercolor composition comprising a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and a pan paint overcolor composition comprising a water-soluble solid carrier, a dye that is capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less, and an acid such that the pH of an aqueous solution of said overcolor pan paint composition is about 4 or less.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
80 words
A coloring system comprising: an undercolor composition comprising a dye whose coloring ability is destroyed in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less; and a pan paint overcolor composition comprising a water-soluble solid carrier, a dye that is capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 4 or less, and an acid such that the pH of an aqueous solution of said overcolor pan paint composition is about 4 or less.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
36 words
A coloring system according to claim 45, wherein said water-soluble carrier comprises a water-soluble resin selected from the group consisting of modified starches, water-soluble gums, water-soluble waxes, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, ethylene oxide polymers, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylamide.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
13 words
A coloring system according to claim 46, wherein said resin is polyethylene glycol.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 47, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises an opacifier.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
22 words
A coloring system according to claim 48, wherein said opacifier is selected from the group consisting of barium sulfate and titanium dioxide.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 47, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a preservative.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 47, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a plasticizer.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
30 words
A coloring system according to claim 51, wherein said plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of stearyl alcohol and a polyethelthene glycol having a molecular weight of about 20,000.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
15 words
A coloring system according to claim 47, wherein said water-soluble carrier further comprises a surfactant.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
14 words
A coloring system according to claim 53, wherein said surfactant is poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(nonylPhenyl)-omega-hydroxy-, branched.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
22 words
A coloring system according to claim 45, wherein said undercolor composition is an ink composition comprising said colorant and an aqueous carrier.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
153 words
A coloring system comprising by weight: a pan paint undercolor composition comprising a water-soluble solid carrier and a dye selected from the group consisting of dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more; dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a reducing agent; and dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more and in the presence of a reducing agent; and an overcolor composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and in the presence of a reducing agent, from 0% to about 20% of a reducing agent, and from 0% to about 10% of a base, provided that the total amount of base and reducing agent, taken together, is at least 0.5%.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
153 words
A coloring system comprising by weight: a pan paint undercolor composition comprising a water-soluble solid carrier and a dye selected from the group consisting of dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more; dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a reducing agent; and dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more and in the presence of a reducing agent; and an overcolor composition comprising a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and in the presence of a reducing agent, from 0% to about 20% of a reducing agent, and from 0% to about 10% of a base, provided that the total amount of base and reducing agent, taken together, is at least 0.5%.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
153 words
A coloring system comprising by weight: an undercolor composition comprising a dye selected from the group consisting of dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more; dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a reducing agent; and dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more and in the presence of a reducing agent; and a pan paint overcolor composition comprising a water-soluble solid carrier and a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and in the presence of a reducing agent, from 0% to about 20% of a reducing agent, and from 0% to about 10% of a base, provided that the total amount of base and reducing agent, taken together, is at least 0.5%.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
153 words
A coloring system comprising by weight: an undercolor composition comprising a dye selected from the group consisting of dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more; dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a reducing agent; and dyes whose coloring ability is destroyed or modified in the presence of a pH of about 10 or more and in the presence of a reducing agent; and a pan paint overcolor composition comprising a water-soluble solid carrier and a colorant capable of maintaining its characteristic color in the presence of a pH of about 10 or greater and in the presence of a reducing agent, from 0% to about 20% of a reducing agent, and from 0% to about 10% of a base, provided that the total amount of base and reducing agent, taken together, is at least 0.5%.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1999-03-12 | 1999-09-11 | 2000-03-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2003-03-12 | 2003-09-11 | 2004-03-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2007-03-12 | 2007-09-11 | 2008-03-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |