Biocompatible hemoperfusion system

Claim 2

A polymer-coated detoxicant composition adapted for reaction in an extracorporeal shunt with waste metabolites and toxins found in blood comprising a solid detoxicant having a semipermeable polymer coating: having an effective coating pore size permitting waste metabolites and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective coating pore size permitting substantial retention of the free heparin by the polymer membrane; being insoluble in blood.

Claim 3

The detoxicant composition of claim 1 wherein the solid detoxicant is activated carbon.

Claim 4

The detoxicant composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is a hydrogel.

Claim 5

The detoxicant composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is cross-linked.

Claim 6

The detoxicant composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is collodion.

Claim 7

The detoxicant composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is cellulose acetate.

Claim 8

The detoxicant composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is polyacrylamide.

Claim 9

The detoxicant composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate.

Claim 10

The detoxicant composition of claim 1 wherein the pores have an effective radii of 1 to 30 A.

Claim 11

The detoxicant composition of claim 1 wherein the weight of the polymer coating to the solid detoxicant is from 0.1% to 50%.

Claim 12

The detoxicant composition of claim 1 wherein the amount of heparin substantially retained by the polymer coating is approximately 5000 units per 100 grams of detoxicant.

Claim 13

A process for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising the step of passing the blood through a polymer-coated detoxicant composition adapted for reaction in an extracorporeal shunt with waste metabolites and toxins found in blood and which composition comprises a solid detoxicant having a semipermeable polymer coating: having an effective coating pore size permitting waste metabolites and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective coating pore size permitting substantial retention of the free heparin by the polymer coating; being insoluble in blood.

Claim 14

A process for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising the step of passing the blood through a polymer-coated detoxicant composition adapted for reaction in an extracorporeal shunt with waste metabolites and toxins found in blood and which composition comprises a solid detoxicant having a semipermeable polymer coating: having an effective coating pore size permitting waste metabolites and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective coating pore size permitting substantial retention of the free heparin by the polymer coating; being insoluble in blood.

Claim 15

The process of claim 12 wherein the blood is passed through the detoxicant composition at a rate of 10 to 600 ml/min.

Claim 16

A process for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising the step of passing blood through a detoxicant composition of particles having a semipermeable polymer coating: having an effective coating pore size permitting waste metabolites and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective coating pore size permitting substantial retention of the free heparin by the polymer membrane; being insoluble in blood, the particles of which are maintained under movement-inhibiting compression.

Claim 17

A process for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising the step of passing blood through a detoxicant composition of particles having a semipermeable polymer coating: having an effective coating pore size permitting waste metabolites and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective coating pore size permitting substantial retention of the free heparin by the polymer membrane; being insoluble in blood, the particles of which are maintained under movement-inhibiting compression.

Claim 18

The process of claim 14 wherein the movement-inhibiting compression is omnidirectional.

Claim 19

The process of claim 14 wherein the movement-inhibiting compression is directed radially inwardly with respect to the mass of the detoxicant composition.

Claim 20

The process of claim 14 wherein the movement-inhibiting compression is sufficient to eliminate completely movement of one particle of the composition with respect to other particles of the composition.

Claim 21

A cartridge for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising a plurality of particles of solid detoxicant having a semipermeable polymer coating: having an effective coating pore size permitting waste metabolites and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective coating pore size permitting substantial retention of the free heparin by the polymer membrane; being insoluble in blood held under movement-inhibiting compression within a blood-permeable container.

Claim 22

A cartridge for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising a plurality of particles of solid detoxicant having a semipermeable polymer coating: having an effective coating pore size permitting waste metabolites and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective coating pore size permitting substantial retention of the free heparin by the polymer membrane; being insoluble in blood held under movement-inhibiting compression within a blood-permeable container.

Claim 23

A cartridge for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising: A. a plurality of particles of solid detoxicant having a semipermeable polymer coating: having an effective coating pore size permitting waste metabolites and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective coating pore size permitting substantial retention of the free heparin by the polymer membrane; being insoluble in blood held under movement inhibiting compression within: B. a knitted nylon mesh tube surrounding the particles wherein: 1. the tube is closed at its upper and lower ends; 2. the openings in the mesh are larger than blood cells but smaller than the particles of solid detoxicant; 3. the tube is outwardly stretched in all directions and is in contact with the particles of solid detoxicant holding them under movement-inhibiting compression.

Claim 24

A cartridge for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising: A. a plurality of particles of solid detoxicant having a semipermeable polymer coating: having an effective coating pore size permitting waste metabolites and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective coating pore size permitting substantial retention of the free heparin by the polymer membrane; being insoluble in blood held under movement inhibiting compression within: B. a knitted nylon mesh tube surrounding the particles wherein: 1. the tube is closed at its upper and lower ends; 2. the openings in the mesh are larger than blood cells but smaller than the particles of solid detoxicant; 3. the tube is outwardly stretched in all directions and is in contact with the particles of solid detoxicant holding them under movement-inhibiting compression.

Claim 25

A process for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising the step of passing the blood through a cartridge comprising: A. a plurality of particles of solid detoxicant composition comprising a solid detoxicant having a semipermeable polymer coating: having an effective pore size permitting waste metabolities and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective pore size permitting substantial retention of the free heparin by the polymer coating; being insoluble in blood, and said solid detoxicant composition is held under movement inhibiting compression within: B. a knitted nylon mesh tube surrounding the particles wherein: 1. the tube is closed at its upper and lower ends; 2. the openings in the mesh are larger than blood cells but smaller than the particles of solid detoxicant; 3. the tube is outwardly stretched in all directions and is in contact with the particles of solid detoxicant holding them under movement-inhibiting compression.

Claim 26

A process for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising the step of passing the blood through a cartridge comprising: A. a plurality of particles of solid detoxicant composition comprising a solid detoxicant having a semipermeable polymer coating: having an effective pore size permitting waste metabolities and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective pore size permitting substantial retention of the free heparin by the polymer coating; being insoluble in blood, and said solid detoxicant composition is held under movement inhibiting compression within: B. a knitted nylon mesh tube surrounding the particles wherein: 1. the tube is closed at its upper and lower ends; 2. the openings in the mesh are larger than blood cells but smaller than the particles of solid detoxicant; 3. the tube is outwardly stretched in all directions and is in contact with the particles of solid detoxicant holding them under movement-inhibiting compression.

Claim 27

A process of claim 20 wherein prior to hemoperfusion the cartridge is perfused with a biocompatible washing perfusate at a flow rate higher than the hemoperfusion rate.

Claim 28

A process of claim 21 wherein the washing flow rate is at least 5% greater than the hemoperfusion rate.

Claim 29

A process of claim 21 wherein the washing flow rate is at least 20% greater than the hemoperfusion rate.

Claim 30

A process for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising sequentially: I. perfusing a cartridge containing particulate detoxicant composition with a biocompatible washing perfusate, Ii. and then passing blood through the cartridge at a rate less than the rate at which the biocompatible washing perfusate is perfused through the cartridge.

Claim 31

A process for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising sequentially: I. perfusing a cartridge containing particulate detoxicant composition with a biocompatible washing perfusate, Ii. and then passing blood through the cartridge at a rate less than the rate at which the biocompatible washing perfusate is perfused through the cartridge.

Claim 32

A process for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising sequentially:

Claim 33

A process for extracorporeal hemoperfusion comprising sequentially:

Claim 34

I. Perfusing a cartridge containing particulate detoxicant composition wherein the cartridge comprises: A. a plurality of particles of solid detoxicant held under movement inhibiting compression within: B. a knitted nylon mesh tube surrounding the particles wherein: 1. the tube is closed at its upper and lower ends; 2. the openings in the mesh are larger than blood cells but smaller than the particles of solid detoxicant; 3. the tube is outwardly stretched in all directions and is in contact with the particles of solid detoxicant holding them under movement-inhibiting compression, and wherein the particulate detoxicant composition comprises a solid detoxicant having a semi-permeable polymer coating, having an effective coating pore size permitting waste metabolities and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective coating pore size permitting retention of the free heparin by the polymer membrane; being insoluble in blood; Ii. and then passing blood through the cartridge at a rate less than the rate at which the biocompatible washing perfusate is perfused through the cartridge.

Claim 35

I. Perfusing a cartridge containing particulate detoxicant composition wherein the cartridge comprises: A. a plurality of particles of solid detoxicant held under movement inhibiting compression within: B. a knitted nylon mesh tube surrounding the particles wherein: 1. the tube is closed at its upper and lower ends; 2. the openings in the mesh are larger than blood cells but smaller than the particles of solid detoxicant; 3. the tube is outwardly stretched in all directions and is in contact with the particles of solid detoxicant holding them under movement-inhibiting compression, and wherein the particulate detoxicant composition comprises a solid detoxicant having a semi-permeable polymer coating, having an effective coating pore size permitting waste metabolities and toxins to diffuse therethrough; having free heparin therein; having an effective coating pore size permitting retention of the free heparin by the polymer membrane; being insoluble in blood; Ii. and then passing blood through the cartridge at a rate less than the rate at which the biocompatible washing perfusate is perfused through the cartridge.