US4774178A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Immobilization of biological material within a polymer matrix
Assignee: Bayer AG
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Filing: 1985-04-26
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Granted: 1988-09-27
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Expires: 2005-04-26
Abstract
Abstract Biological material such as microorganisms is immobilized by polymerizing in the presence of the biological material a readily soluble polyetherpolyol having some hydroxyl groups esterified with acrylic and/or methacrylic acid and remaining hydroxyl groups reacted with an isocyanate group-containing derivative of an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a polyfunctional isocyanate. Preferably, the isocyanate derivative of an unsaturated carboxylic acid is isocyanatoethyl acrylate, isocyanatoethyl methacrylate of 4-isocyanato-3-methyl-2-butyl-acrylate and the polyfunctional isocyanate is a diisocyanate or polyisocyanate. Beads can be produced by forming droplets in a water-immiscible medium and polymerizing. Polymerization can be carried out under inert gas in the presence of radical initiators or by irradiation with actinic light.
Inventors
- 👤 Peter Egerer
- 👤 Wilfried Haese
- 👤 Hermann Perrey
- 👤 Gunter Schmidt-Kastner
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 07:51
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12N; C12N11/00; C12N11/02; C12N11/04; C12N11/08; C12N11/082; C12N11/087; C12N11/089; C12N11/093; C12P; C12P19/00; C12P19/24; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S530/00; Y10S530/81; Y10S530/812; Y10S530/815; Y10S530/817
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
129 words
In the immobilization of biological material by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the presence of biological material, the improvement which comprises employing as the polymerizable compound an aqueous solution of a polymerizable compound which is readily soluble in water, contains two or more polymerizable functional groups per molecule and has a molecular weight of over 400 wherein said polymerizable compound is selected from the group consisting of a polyethyerpolyol in which some of the hydroxyl groups have been esterified with acrylic and/or methacrylic acid and the remainder have been reacted with an isocyanate group-containing derivative of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a polyetherpolyol in which some of the hydroxyl groups have been esterified with acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and the remainder have been reacted with a polyfunctional isocyanate.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
129 words
In the immobilization of biological material by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the presence of biological material, the improvement which comprises employing as the polymerizable compound an aqueous solution of a polymerizable compound which is readily soluble in water, contains two or more polymerizable functional groups per molecule and has a molecular weight of over 400 wherein said polymerizable compound is selected from the group consisting of a polyethyerpolyol in which some of the hydroxyl groups have been esterified with acrylic and/or methacrylic acid and the remainder have been reacted with an isocyanate group-containing derivative of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a polyetherpolyol in which some of the hydroxyl groups have been esterified with acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and the remainder have been reacted with a polyfunctional isocyanate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
40 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein in the improvement the aqueous solution contains the biological material and is dispersed in a second, inert liquid medium to form beads, and this aqueous phase in the form of beads is polymerized.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein in the improvement the inert liquid medium comprises a water-immiscible medium selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein in the improvement polymerization is carried out to produce beads of mean diameter 0.05 mm to 5 mm.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein in the improvement the ratio of the weight of the aqueous phase to that of the inert liquid medium is between 1:1 and 1:20.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
41 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein in the improvement the dispersion of the aqueous phase to form beads is brought about by stirring and/or by passing through inert gas or by spraying the aqueous phase into the inert liquid medium.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein in the improvement a radical polymerization initiator and/or a radical polymerization initiator redox system and/or an accelerator is present during polymerization.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process according to claim 7, wherein in the improvement a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator is used which comprises ammonium peroxydisulphate, and wherein a water-soluble accelerator is used which comprises N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylene-diamine.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein in the improvement a photoinitiator is added, and polymerization is carried out by irradiation.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 9, wherein in the improvement polymerization is carried out by irradiation with actinic light with the addition of a photosensitizer which is poorly soluble in the inert liquid medium.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein in the improvement an aqueous solution or dispersion of the biological material is mixed with polymerizable compound or an aqueous solution thereof in a weight ratio between 1:1 and 30:1.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
63 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein (a) the polyether-polyol is a polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 and above, and (b) the polyfunctional isocyanate comprises a member selected from the group consisting of isophorone diisocyanate, toluylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, polyisocyanate containing biuret groups and a polyisocyanate which has been produced from the reaction of a diisocyanate with a polyhydric alcohol.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein in the improvement the biological material comprises a fermentation broth.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 13, wherein the fermentation broth is pre-concentrated.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein in the improvement the inert liquid medium comprises a water immiscible medium selected from the group consisting of silicone oils and paraffin oils.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process according to claim 2, wherein in the improvement the beads are dried and the entrapped biological material remains fully active.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
9 words
The product produced by the process of claim 1.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
123 words
In the immobilization of biological material by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the presence of the biological material, the improvement which comprises employing as the polymerizable compound an aqueous solution of a polymerizable compound which is readily soluble in water, contains two or more polymerizable functional groups per molecule and has a molecular weight of over 400 wherein said polymerizable compound is a polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 and above in which some of the hydroxyl groups have been esterified with acrylic and/or methacrylic acid and the remainder have been reacted with an isocyanate group-containing derivative of an unsaturated carboxylic acid the isocyanate group-containing derivative comprises a member selected form the group consisting of isocyanatoethyl acrylate, isocyanatoethyl methacrylate and 4-isocyanato-3-methyl-2-butyl-acrylate.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
123 words
In the immobilization of biological material by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the presence of the biological material, the improvement which comprises employing as the polymerizable compound an aqueous solution of a polymerizable compound which is readily soluble in water, contains two or more polymerizable functional groups per molecule and has a molecular weight of over 400 wherein said polymerizable compound is a polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 and above in which some of the hydroxyl groups have been esterified with acrylic and/or methacrylic acid and the remainder have been reacted with an isocyanate group-containing derivative of an unsaturated carboxylic acid the isocyanate group-containing derivative comprises a member selected form the group consisting of isocyanatoethyl acrylate, isocyanatoethyl methacrylate and 4-isocyanato-3-methyl-2-butyl-acrylate.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
110 words
In the carrying out of biotransformations by contacting a substrate with a immobilized biological material, the improvement which comprises using an immobilized biological material obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the presence of the biological material wherein said polymerizable compound is selected from the group consisting of a polyetherpolyol in which come of the hydroxyl groups have been esterified with acrylic and/or methacrylic acid and the remainder have been reacted with an isocyanate group-containing derivative of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a polyetherpolyol in which some of the hydroxyl groups have been esterified with acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and the remainder have been reacted with a polyfunctional isocyanate.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
110 words
In the carrying out of biotransformations by contacting a substrate with a immobilized biological material, the improvement which comprises using an immobilized biological material obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the presence of the biological material wherein said polymerizable compound is selected from the group consisting of a polyetherpolyol in which come of the hydroxyl groups have been esterified with acrylic and/or methacrylic acid and the remainder have been reacted with an isocyanate group-containing derivative of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a polyetherpolyol in which some of the hydroxyl groups have been esterified with acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and the remainder have been reacted with a polyfunctional isocyanate.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-09-27 | 1992-03-28 | 1992-09-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-09-27 | 1996-03-28 | 1996-09-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-09-27 | 2000-03-28 | 2000-09-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |