US4457972A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Enhanced adhesion by high energy bombardment
Assignee: California Institute of Technology
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Filing: 1981-12-07
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Granted: 1984-07-03
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Expires: 2001-12-07
Abstract
Abstract Films (12) of gold, copper, silicon nitride, or other materials are firmly bonded to insulator substrates (12) such as silica, a ferrite, or Teflon (polytetrafluorethylene) by irradiating the interface with high energy ions. Apparently, track forming processes in the electronic stopping region cause intermixing in a thin surface layer resulting in improved adhesion without excessive doping. Thick layers can be bonded by depositing or doping the interfacial surfaces with fissionable elements or alpha emitters.
Inventors
- 👤 Joseph E. Griffith
- 👤 Yuanxun Qiu
- 👤 Thomas A. Tombrello
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 10:05
CPC Classifications
B; B29; B29C; B29C65/00; B29C65/02; B29C65/14; B29C65/1403; B32; B32B; B32B15/00; B32B15/04; B32B15/08; B32B15/085; B29C65/1425; B29C65/1496; B29C66/00; B29C66/01; B29C66/05; B29C66/10; B29C66/11; B29C66/112; B29C66/1122; B29C66/40; B29C66/41; B29C66/45; B29C66/47; B29C66/472; B32B37/00; B32B37/06; C; C23; C23C; C23C26/00; C23C26/02; H; H05; H05K; H05K3/00; H05K3/38; H05K3/381; H10; H10F; H10F77/00; H10F77/20; H10P; H10P34/00; H10P34/40; H10P95/00; H10W; H10W70/00; H10W70/01; H10W70/05; B29C35/00; B29C35/02; B29C35/08; B29C35/0866; B29C2035/0872; B29C66/70; B29C66/71; B29C66/73; B29C66/739; B29C66/7392; B29C66/7394; B32B2310/00; B32B2310/08; B32B2310/0875; B32B2310/0881; B32B2311/00; B32B2311/02; B32B2311/12; B32B2327/00; B32B2327/12; B32B2327/18; B32B2457/00; B32B2457/08; B32B2457/12; H05K1/00; H05K1/02; H05K1/03; H05K1/0306; H05K1/0313; H05K1/032; H05K2201/00; H05K2201/01; H05K2201/0137; H05K2201/015; H05K2203/00; H05K2203/05; H05K2203/0502; H05K2203/0528; H05K2203/10; H05K2203/107; H05K3/02; H05K3/04; H05K3/388; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S228/00; Y10S228/903; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/901; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/24; Y10T428/24802; Y10T428/24917; Y10T428/26; Y10T428/263; Y10T428/264; Y10T428/265; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31536; Y10T428/3154; Y10T428/31544; Y10T428/31678; Y10T428/31692; Y10T428/31699
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 24
Claim 1
Independent Claim
56 words
A method of improving the adhesion of a first surface to a surface of an electrical insulator having a resistivity exceeding 10 3 ohm-cm comprising the steps of: bringing two surfaces into contact; and applying high energy ions having an energy of at least 0.1 MeV/amu to the insulator for a time sufficient to improve adhesion.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
56 words
A method of improving the adhesion of a first surface to a surface of an electrical insulator having a resistivity exceeding 10 3 ohm-cm comprising the steps of: bringing two surfaces into contact; and applying high energy ions having an energy of at least 0.1 MeV/amu to the insulator for a time sufficient to improve adhesion.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the ions have a dose of at least 10 12 /cm 2 .
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the first surface is a thin film of metal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 3 in which the metal is gold having a film thickness of from one monolayer to 20 mils.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 4 in which the insulator is selected from inorganic or organic materials.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method according to claim 5 in which the insulator is silica.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 5 in which the insulator is a ferrite.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method according to claim 5 in which the insulator is an organic resin.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 8 in which the resin is selected from polyfluorocarbons and polyolefins.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method according to claim 9 in which the resin is polytetrafluoroethylene.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the radiation is selectively applied to portions of the interface between said surfaces.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 11 further including the step of removing the non-adhered, non-irradiated portions from the surface of the insulator.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 11 in which the irradiated pattern is in the form of a printed circuit.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 13 in which the pattern is in the form of an integrated circuit.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the ions are generated at the interface.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method according to claim 15 in which the ions are generated by disposing fissionable elements or compounds that undergo nuclear reactions having charged particles as the reaction product, or neutron activatible, charged particle emitting compounds at said surface.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 16 in which said elements or compounds are doped into one of said surfaces.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
50 words
A laminate comprising: a first electrical insulator layer having a resistivity exceeding 10 3 ohm-cm; and a directly abutting, a second layer adhered to the first layer by means of a mixed interface formed by applying high energy ions having an energy of at least 0.1 MeV/amu to said interface.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
50 words
A laminate comprising: a first electrical insulator layer having a resistivity exceeding 10 3 ohm-cm; and a directly abutting, a second layer adhered to the first layer by means of a mixed interface formed by applying high energy ions having an energy of at least 0.1 MeV/amu to said interface.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
35 words
A laminate according to claim 18 in which the insulator is silica or a synthetic resin and the second layer is a film of noble metal having a thickness from 10 Å to 20 mil.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
20 words
A laminate according to claim 19 in which the insulator is silica, ferrite, or polytetrafluoroethylene and the metal is gold.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method according to claim 3 in which the film is applied to insulator by evaporation and forms a weakly adherent bond and the film is readily peelable from the surface of the insulator before irradiation.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
A laminate according to claim 18 in which the second layer is an evaporated, thin film of metal readily peelable before irradiation.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-07-03 | 1988-01-02 | 1988-07-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-07-03 | 1992-01-02 | 1992-07-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-07-03 | 1996-01-02 | 1996-07-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |