Hydrocarbon hydrogenation catalyst and process

Claim 2

A process comprising contacting a fluid which comprises a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon, in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst composition under a condition effective to convert said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a less saturated hydrocarbon wherein said catalyst composition consists essentially of palladium, silver, an inorganic support, and a selectivity enhancer selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, sulfur, phosphorus compounds, sulfur compounds, and combinations of two or more thereof wherein palladium is distributed as skin on the surface of the inorganic support.

Claim 3

A process according to claim 1 wherein said fluid further comprises an alkene.

Claim 4

A process according to claim 2 wherein said alkene is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butenes, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Claim 5

A process according to claim 2 wherein said alkene is ethylene.

Claim 6

A process according to claim 2 wherein said inorganic support material is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, aluminosilicates, zinc aluminate, zinc titanate, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Claim 7

A process according to claim 2 wherein said selectivity enhancer is potassium phosphate and said support is alumina.

Claim 8

A process according to claim 2 wherein said selectivity enhancer is potassium sulfate and said support is alumina.

Claim 9

A process according to claim 4 wherein said selectivity enhancer is potassium phosphate and said support is alumina.

Claim 10

A process according to claim 4 wherein said selectivity enhancer is potassium sulfate and said support is alumina.

Claim 11

A process according to claim 1 wherein said support is alumina.

Claim 12

A process according to claim 8 wherein said support is alumina.

Claim 13

A process according to claim 9 wherein said support is alumina.

Claim 14

A process according to claim 1 wherein said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of diolefins, alkynes, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Claim 15

A process according to claim 13 wherein said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of propadiene, 1,2-butadiene, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,2-pentadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,4-pentadiene, 1,2-hexadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, 2-methyl-1,2-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, heptadienes, methylhexadienes, octadienes, methylheptadienes, dimethylhexadienes, ethylhexadienes, trimethylpentadienes, methyloctadienes, dimethylheptadienes, ethyloctadienes, trimethylhexadienes, nonadienes, decadienes, undecadienes, dodecadienes, cyclopentadienes, cyclohexadienes, methylcyclopentadienes, cycloheptadienes, methylcyclohexadienes dimethylcyclopentadienes, ethylcyclopentadienes, dicyclopentadiene, acetylene, propyne, 1-butyne, 2-butyne, 1-pentyne, 2-pentyne, 3-methyl-1-butyne, 1-hexyne, 1-heptyne, 1-octyne, 1-nonyne, 1-decyne, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Claim 16

A process according to claim 5 wherein said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of propadiene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,4-pentadiene, isoprene, 1,3-cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, acetylene, propyne, 1-butyne, 2-butyne, 1-pentyne, 2-pentyne, 3-methyl-1-butyne, 1-hexyne, 1-heptyne, 1-octyne, 1-nonyne, 1-decyne, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Claim 17

A process according to claim 15 wherein said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon is acetylene.

Claim 18

A process according to claim 11 wherein said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon comprises acetylene.

Claim 19

A process according to claim 12 wherein said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon comprises acetylene.

Claim 20

A process comprising contacting a fluid stream which comprises an alkene and a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon, in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst composition under a condition effective to convert said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a less unsaturated hydrocarbon wherein said catalyst composition consists essentially of palladium, silver, and a selectivity enhance selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, phosphorus compounds, sulfur, sulfur compounds, and combinations of two or more thereof; said alkene is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butenes, and combinations of two or more thereof; said inorganic support is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, aluminosilicates, zinc acuminate, zinc titanate, magnesium acuminate, and combinations of two or more thereof; said catalyst composition contains about 0.001 to about 3 weight % palladium which is distributed as skin on the inorganic support; and said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of diolefins, alkenes, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Claim 21

A process comprising contacting a fluid stream which comprises an alkene and a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon, in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst composition under a condition effective to convert said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a less unsaturated hydrocarbon wherein said catalyst composition consists essentially of palladium, silver, and a selectivity enhance selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, phosphorus compounds, sulfur, sulfur compounds, and combinations of two or more thereof; said alkene is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butenes, and combinations of two or more thereof; said inorganic support is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, aluminosilicates, zinc acuminate, zinc titanate, magnesium acuminate, and combinations of two or more thereof; said catalyst composition contains about 0.001 to about 3 weight % palladium which is distributed as skin on the inorganic support; and said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of diolefins, alkenes, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Claim 22

A process according to claim 19 wherein said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of propadiene, propadiene, 1,2-butadiene, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,2-pentadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,4-pentadiene, 1,2-hexadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, 2-methyl-1,2-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, heptadienes, methylhexadienes, octadienes, methylheptadienes, dimethylhexadienes, ethylhexadienes, trimethylpentadienes, methyloctadienes, dimethylheptadienes, ethyloctadienes, trimethylhexadienes, nonadienes, decadienes, undecadienes, dodecadienes, cyclopentadienes, cyclohexadienes, methylcyclopentadienes, cycloheptadienes, methylcyclohexadienes dimethylcyclopentadienes, ethylcyclopentadienes, dicyclopentadiene, acetylene, propyne, 1-butyne, 2-butyne, 1-pentyne, 2-pentyne, 3-methyl-1-butyne, 1-hexyne, 1-heptyne, 1-octyne, 1-nonyne, 1-decyne, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Claim 23

A process according to claim 19 wherein said support is alumina; catalyst composition contains about 0.001 to about 2 weight % palladium which is distributed as skin on the inorganic support; and said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of acetylene, propadiene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,4-pentadiene, isoprene, 1,3-cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Claim 24

A process according to claim 21 wherein said alkene is ethylene.

Claim 25

A process according to claim 22 wherein said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon comprises acetylene.

Claim 26

A selective hydrogenation process comprising contacting a fluid stream which comprises ethylene and a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon, in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst composition under a condition effective to convert said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a less unsaturated hydrocarbon wherein said catalyst composition consists essentially of a palladium, silver, alumina, and a selectivity enhancer selected from the group consisting of potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and combinations thereof; said catalyst composition contains about 0.001 to about 2 weight % palladium which is distributed as skin on the surface of said alumina; said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon comprises acetylene; said process is carried out at a temperature in the range of about 30 to about 200° C. and under a pressure in the range of about 15 to about 2000 psig; and about 1 to about 2 moles of hydrogen are employed for each mole of said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon present.

Claim 27

A selective hydrogenation process comprising contacting a fluid stream which comprises ethylene and a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon, in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst composition under a condition effective to convert said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a less unsaturated hydrocarbon wherein said catalyst composition consists essentially of a palladium, silver, alumina, and a selectivity enhancer selected from the group consisting of potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and combinations thereof; said catalyst composition contains about 0.001 to about 2 weight % palladium which is distributed as skin on the surface of said alumina; said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon comprises acetylene; said process is carried out at a temperature in the range of about 30 to about 200° C. and under a pressure in the range of about 15 to about 2000 psig; and about 1 to about 2 moles of hydrogen are employed for each mole of said highly unsaturated hydrocarbon present.

Claim 28

A process according to claim 24 wherein said selectivity enhancer is potassium sulfate.

Claim 29

A process according to claim 24 wherein said selectivity enhancer is potassium phosphate.