US5486833A — Active signalling systems

Claim 1

Independent Claim 62 words

A signalling system for detecting targets in a given medium, comprising: means for generating and transmitting in said given medium a time-frequency wave packet which is the complex (phase) conjugate of the impulse response of the combined medium and target, and means for solving the wave equation for transmissions through said medium, reflectance from said target and transmission back through said medium.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 62 words

A signalling system for detecting targets in a given medium, comprising: means for generating and transmitting in said given medium a time-frequency wave packet which is the complex (phase) conjugate of the impulse response of the combined medium and target, and means for solving the wave equation for transmissions through said medium, reflectance from said target and transmission back through said medium.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 53 words

The signalling system defined in claim 1 including means for matching said wave packet signal to both said medium and said target for maximum propagation through said medium and reflectance from said target, said wave packet match to said medium and said target being with respect to both time and frequency response characteristics.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 46 words

The signalling system defined in claim 1 including receiver means for receiving echoes of wave packets reflected from said targets in said medium, time and frequency space matched filter means for preserving the instantaneous time and frequency response characteristics of return signal echoes from said target.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 16 words

The signalling system defined in claim 3 wherein said receiver means includes a TD receiver processor.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 14 words

The signaling system defined in claim 3 wherein said receiver means is a Homodyne.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 32 words

The signalling system defined in claim 3 wherein said receiver means includes means for detecting range to said target by detecting the rate of change of energy in returned echo wave packets.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 16 words

The signalling system defined in claim 3 wherein said receiver means includes an independent antenna system.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 19 words

The signalling system defined in claim 3, said receiver including means for processing target data for target recognition purposes.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 21 words

The signalling system defined in claim 3, said receiver including neural net means for processing target data target imaging and display.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 58 words

A signalling method for detecting targets in a given medium, comprising: generating and transmitting in said given medium a time-frequency wave packet which is the complex (phase) conjugate of the impulse response of the combined medium and target, and solving the wave equation for transmissions through said medium, reflectance from said target and transmission back through said medium.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 58 words

A signalling method for detecting targets in a given medium, comprising: generating and transmitting in said given medium a time-frequency wave packet which is the complex (phase) conjugate of the impulse response of the combined medium and target, and solving the wave equation for transmissions through said medium, reflectance from said target and transmission back through said medium.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 51 words

The signalling method defined in claim 10 including matching said wave packet signal to both said medium and said target for maximum propagation through said medium and reflectance from said target, said wave packet match to said medium and said target being with respect to both time and frequency response characteristics.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 45 words

The signalling method defined in claim 10 including receiver means for receiving echoes of wave packets reflected from said target in said medium, time and frequency space matched filtering for preserving the instantaneous time and frequency response characteristics of return signal echoes from said target.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 96 words

Signalling system in time-frequency space for detecting a target in the presence of clutter and for penetrating media, comprising: transmitter antenna means, receiver and processor means, said transmitter antenna means having means for generating and launching into a medium containing said target an energy pulse (wave packet) having a predetermined duration and frequency characteristic, and which energy pulse matches one of the following: 1) the time-frequency reflection characteristics of said target but not said clutter, or 2) the penetration time-frequency dielectric window of said medium, or 3) the time-frequency characteristics of the window of said receiver.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 96 words

Signalling system in time-frequency space for detecting a target in the presence of clutter and for penetrating media, comprising: transmitter antenna means, receiver and processor means, said transmitter antenna means having means for generating and launching into a medium containing said target an energy pulse (wave packet) having a predetermined duration and frequency characteristic, and which energy pulse matches one of the following: 1) the time-frequency reflection characteristics of said target but not said clutter, or 2) the penetration time-frequency dielectric window of said medium, or 3) the time-frequency characteristics of the window of said receiver.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 62 words

The search apparatus defined in claim 4 wherein said means for generating is an RF generator, includes: a light energy activated switch, the RF energy of which follows the light energy, means to modulate the light energy and compress the light to said predetermined pulse duration, a linear semiconductor switch, and means for applying the modulated light energy to said semiconductor switch.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 69 words

A time-frequency space signalling method for and launching into a medium containing a target wave packets having a predetermined duration and frequency characteristic, and in which the wave packets match at east one of the following: 1) the time-frequency reflection characteristics of said target but not said clutter, or 2) the penetration time-frequency dielectric window of said medium, or 3) the time-frequency characteristics of the window of said receiver.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 69 words

A time-frequency space signalling method for and launching into a medium containing a target wave packets having a predetermined duration and frequency characteristic, and in which the wave packets match at east one of the following: 1) the time-frequency reflection characteristics of said target but not said clutter, or 2) the penetration time-frequency dielectric window of said medium, or 3) the time-frequency characteristics of the window of said receiver.

Claim 20

Independent Claim 38 words

A method of analyzing wave packet transmissive solid media, comprising generating and launching a time frequency wave packet into said solid media and causing said wave packet to match the penetration time-frequency dielectric window of said solid media.

Claim 21

Independent Claim 38 words

A method of analyzing wave packet transmissive solid media, comprising generating and launching a time frequency wave packet into said solid media and causing said wave packet to match the penetration time-frequency dielectric window of said solid media.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 26 words

The method defined in claim 16 including receiving wave packet reflection echoes from said media and adjusting the time-frequency characteristics of receiving of wave packet reflections.

Claim 23

Independent Claim 159 words

A method of enhancing the radar cross-section of a target when using an impulse radar system, said method comprising the steps of: transmitting a pilot impulse radar pulse at a target, said pilot impulse radar pulse comprising a pulse of duration shorter than the target length and generated by an impulse radar system, receiving a return pulse from the target, which return pulse provides information indicative of scattering centers on the target, and wherein the return pulse is used as a calibration signal, processing the calibration signal corresponding to the return pulse to form a phase conjugated transmit pulse, and transmitting the phase conjugated transmit pulse at the target, processing a target return signal derived from the transmitted phase conjugated pulse, and wherein the target return signal derived from the transmitted phase conjugated pulse has an enhanced radar cross-section of the target since the waveform of the transmitted phase conjugated pulse is matched to the characteristics of the target.

Claim 24

Independent Claim 159 words

A method of enhancing the radar cross-section of a target when using an impulse radar system, said method comprising the steps of: transmitting a pilot impulse radar pulse at a target, said pilot impulse radar pulse comprising a pulse of duration shorter than the target length and generated by an impulse radar system, receiving a return pulse from the target, which return pulse provides information indicative of scattering centers on the target, and wherein the return pulse is used as a calibration signal, processing the calibration signal corresponding to the return pulse to form a phase conjugated transmit pulse, and transmitting the phase conjugated transmit pulse at the target, processing a target return signal derived from the transmitted phase conjugated pulse, and wherein the target return signal derived from the transmitted phase conjugated pulse has an enhanced radar cross-section of the target since the waveform of the transmitted phase conjugated pulse is matched to the characteristics of the target.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 20 words

The method defined in claim 18 wherein said phase conjugated pulse has rise and fall times in the pico-second range.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 161 words

An impulse radar system comprising: a transmitter for transmitting a pilot impulse radar pulse at a target, which pilot pulse comprises a pulse of a duration shorter than the target length, a receiver for receiving a return impulse radar pulse from the target, which return pulse provides information indicative of scattering centers on the target, which return pulse provides a calibration signal, and processing means coupled to the transmitter and receiver for processing the calibration signal corresponding to the return impulse radar pulse to form a phase conjugate impulse radar pulse, wherein the transmitter is adapted to transmit the phase conjugate pulse at the target, and wherein the receiver is adapted to process a target return signal derived from the transmitted phase conjugate pulse, and wherein the target return signal derived from the transmitted phase conjugated pulse enhances the radar cross-section of the target since the waveform of the transmitted phase conjugated pulse is matched to the characteristics of the target.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 161 words

An impulse radar system comprising: a transmitter for transmitting a pilot impulse radar pulse at a target, which pilot pulse comprises a pulse of a duration shorter than the target length, a receiver for receiving a return impulse radar pulse from the target, which return pulse provides information indicative of scattering centers on the target, which return pulse provides a calibration signal, and processing means coupled to the transmitter and receiver for processing the calibration signal corresponding to the return impulse radar pulse to form a phase conjugate impulse radar pulse, wherein the transmitter is adapted to transmit the phase conjugate pulse at the target, and wherein the receiver is adapted to process a target return signal derived from the transmitted phase conjugate pulse, and wherein the target return signal derived from the transmitted phase conjugated pulse enhances the radar cross-section of the target since the waveform of the transmitted phase conjugated pulse is matched to the characteristics of the target.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 19 words

The system of claim 20, wherein said phase conjugated pulse has rise and fall times on the pico-second range.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 161 words

An impulse radar system comprising: a transmitter for transmitting impulse radar pulses at a target, wherein said transmitter comprises means for generating a search pulse having a duration shorter than the target length, a receiver for receiving return pulses from the target, which return pulses provide information indicative of scattering centers on the target, and processing means coupled to the transmitter and receiver for processing the return pulses and for adaptively adjusting the phase of the transmitted pulses that are transmitted at the target in response to the return pulses in such a manner as to cause the radar cross-section contributed by the backward traveling wave on the target to be made to add in phase in the received direction, and wherein the transmitter transmits the pulses having adaptively adjusted phases at the target, and wherein the receiver sums the spectral components comprising return pulses derived from the transmitted pulses having adjusted phases to increase the radar cross-section of the target.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 161 words

An impulse radar system comprising: a transmitter for transmitting impulse radar pulses at a target, wherein said transmitter comprises means for generating a search pulse having a duration shorter than the target length, a receiver for receiving return pulses from the target, which return pulses provide information indicative of scattering centers on the target, and processing means coupled to the transmitter and receiver for processing the return pulses and for adaptively adjusting the phase of the transmitted pulses that are transmitted at the target in response to the return pulses in such a manner as to cause the radar cross-section contributed by the backward traveling wave on the target to be made to add in phase in the received direction, and wherein the transmitter transmits the pulses having adaptively adjusted phases at the target, and wherein the receiver sums the spectral components comprising return pulses derived from the transmitted pulses having adjusted phases to increase the radar cross-section of the target.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1999-01-22	1999-07-24	2000-01-23	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	2003-01-22	2003-07-24	2004-01-23	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2007-01-22	2007-07-24	2008-01-23	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Active signalling systems

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