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US5452367A
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US
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Automated method and system for the segmentation of medical images
Assignee: Arch Development Corp
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Filing: 1993-11-29
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Granted: 1995-09-19
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Expires: 2013-11-29
Abstract
Abstract A method for the automated segmentation of medical images, including generating image data from radiographic images of the breast. The method is applicable to breast mammograms including the extraction of the skinline as well as correction for non-uniform exposure conditions, hand radiographs, and chest radiographs. Techniques for the segmentation include noise filtering, local gray value range determination, modified global histogram analysis, region growing and determination of object contour. The method also is applicable to skin detection and analysis of skin thickening in medical images, where image segmentation, local optimization of external skinline, creation of a gradient image, identification of the internal skinline and then skin thickness determination are carried out. The method for enhancement of medical images includes, after image segmentation and identification of the skinline, calculation of pixel distances from the skinline, determination of the enhancement parameter fit and then selective enhancement of the periphery.
Inventors
- 👤 Ulrich Bick
- 👤 Maryellen L. Giger
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 14:10
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06T; G06T7/00; G06T7/0002; G06T7/0012; G06T7/10; G06T7/11; G06T7/12; G06T7/136; G06T7/155; G06T7/187; G06V; G06V10/00; G06V10/20; G06V10/26; G06V10/267; G06T2207/00; G06T2207/10; G06T2207/10116; G06T2207/20; G06T2207/20036; G06T2207/20041; G06T2207/30; G06T2207/30004; G06T2207/30068; G06V2201/00; G06V2201/03
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 52
Claim 1
Independent Claim
48 words
A method of segmentation of an image of an anatomic feature of a subject, comprising: obtaining said image of said anatomic feature; obtaining a global histogram using said image; modifying said global histogram to obtain a modified global histogram; and segmenting said image using said modified global histogram.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
48 words
A method of segmentation of an image of an anatomic feature of a subject, comprising: obtaining said image of said anatomic feature; obtaining a global histogram using said image; modifying said global histogram to obtain a modified global histogram; and segmenting said image using said modified global histogram.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
52 words
A method as recited in claim 1, wherein modifying said global histogram comprises: determining local minimum pixel values in said image; determining local maximum pixel values in said image; determining a gray value range using said local minimum and said local maximum pixel values; and modifying said global histogram using said range.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
88 words
A method as recited in claim 2, wherein segmenting said image comprises: classifying a pixel in said image as a non-feature pixel based upon said gray value range, upon whether said pixel is in a vicinity of a gray value peak of said modified histogram, and upon whether said pixel is part of a connected region; and obtaining a first segmented image containing first pixels having a gray value corresponding to a feature pixel and second pixels having at least one gray value corresponding to said non-feature pixel.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method as recited in claim 3, wherein classifying said pixel in said image based upon whether said pixel is part of said connected region comprises region growing.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as recited in claim 3, comprising: performing a morphological open operation on said first segmented image to obtain a second segmented image; and performing a contouring routine on said second segmented region.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method as recited in claim 3, comprising: determining a distance map of said first segmented region.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method as recited in claim 6, wherein determining said distance map comprises: determining a connection path for each first pixel in said first segmented image; and thresholding said distance map based upon said connection path.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
52 words
A method as recited in claim 7, wherein determining said connection path comprises: calculating a distance from each first pixel to an edge of said first segmented image if a corresponding connection path does not cross a region of said first segmented image corresponding to a directly exposed region of said image.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method as recited in claim 7, comprising: thresholding said distance map to generate a second segmented image having pixels corresponding to said feature pixels; and determining a contour of said feature using said second segmented region.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method as recited in claim 9, wherein determining said contour comprises: analyzing points along said contour having a connection path to an edge of said second segmented region less than a predetermined length and a concave angle.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
60 words
A method as recited in claim 9, wherein determining said contour comprises: analyzing points along said contour having a connection path to an edge of said second segmented region crossing a transition zone corresponding to an area in said image between a directly-exposed area and a non-exposed area with a length less than a predetermined length and a concave angle.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method as recited in claim 1, comprising: obtaining a contour of said feature in said segmented image; and analyzing points along said contour where said feature connects with a transition zone corresponding to an area in said image between a directly-exposed area and a non-exposed area.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
79 words
A method as recited in claim 1, comprising: digitizing said image of said feature to obtain a digitized image; and performing noise filtering on said digitized image to obtain a filtered image; wherein modifying said global histogram comprises: determining local minimum pixel values in said filtered image; determining local maximum pixel values in said filtered image; determining a gray value range using said local minimum and said local maximum pixel values; and modifying said global histogram using said range.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
101 words
A method as recited in claim 2, wherein segmenting said image comprises: determining a first segmented image by classifying first pixels in said image as non-feature pixels based upon said gray value range; determining a second segmented image by classifying second pixels in said first segmented image as said non-feature pixels based upon whether said second pixels are in a vicinity of a gray value peak of said modified histogram; and determining a third segmented region by classifying third pixels in said second segmented image as said non-feature pixels based upon whether said third pixels are part of a connected region.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method as recited in claim 14, comprising: obtaining a fourth segmented image containing fourth pixels having a gray value corresponding to a feature pixel and fifth pixels having at least one gray value corresponding to a non-feature pixel.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as recited in claim 1, comprising: obtaining a radiographic breast image; and segmenting said breast in said radiographic breast image.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method as recited in claim 16, comprising: obtaining a contour of said breast in said segmented image; and analyzing points along said contour where said breast connects with a transition zone corresponding to an area in said image between a directly-exposed area and a non-exposed area.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method as recited in claim 1, comprising: obtaining a radiographic hand image; and segmenting said hand from said image using local thresholding.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
59 words
A method as recited in claim 18, wherein said local thresholding comprises: placing a predetermined number of regions-of-interest each having a plurality of pixels on said hand image; determining a distribution of said pixels in each of said regions-of-interest; and setting selected pixels in each of said regions-of-interest to a predetermined value based upon corresponding distributions of said pixels.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
60 words
A method as recited in claim 1, wherein: said step of segmenting said image produces a segmented image; and said method further comprises: determining an external skinline of said feature using said image segmented image; determining an internal skinline of said feature using said segmented image; and measuring a skin thickness of said feature using said internal and external skinlines.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as recited in claim 20, comprising: obtaining a gradient image of said segmented image; and determining said internal and external skinlines using said gradient image.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method as recited in claim 20, wherein determining said internal skinline comprises: obtaining a gray value profile perpendicular to a border of said feature; and determining a local gradient minimum in said gray value profile as said internal skinline.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
41 words
A method as recited in claim 20, wherein determining said external skinline comprises: determining an initial external skinline of said feature; calculating a second derivative of a dark-side LaPlacian; and determining said external skinline as a ridge in said second derivative.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method as recited in claim 23, wherein determining said external skinline as said ridge comprises: determining a gray scale skeleton of pixels in said gradient image; and determining a maxima ridge in said skeleton as said external skinline.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as recited in claim 20, further comprising determining skin thickening using said internal and external skinlines.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as recited in claim 20, further comprising superimposing said internal and external skinlines on said image.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
75 words
A method as recited in claim 1, wherein: said step of segmenting said image produces a segmented image; and said method further comprises: determining an external skinline using said segmented image; calculating a distance of pixels of said image being potential feature pixels to said external skinline; determining an average gray value of said potential feature pixels as a function of said distance; and enhancing a periphery of said image using said average gray value.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
70 words
A method of segmenting and determining a skinline in an image of an anatomic feature of a subject, comprising: obtaining said image of said anatomic feature; segmenting said image to obtain a segmented image; determining an external skinline of said feature using said segmented image; determining an internal skinline of said feature using said segmented image; and measuring a skin thickness of said feature using said internal and external skinlines.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
70 words
A method of segmenting and determining a skinline in an image of an anatomic feature of a subject, comprising: obtaining said image of said anatomic feature; segmenting said image to obtain a segmented image; determining an external skinline of said feature using said segmented image; determining an internal skinline of said feature using said segmented image; and measuring a skin thickness of said feature using said internal and external skinlines.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as recited in claim 28, comprising: obtaining a gradient image of said segmented image; and determining said internal and external skinlines using said gradient image.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method as recited in claim 28, wherein determining said internal skinline comprises: obtaining a gray value profile perpendicular to a border of said feature; and determining a local gradient minimum in said gray value profile as said internal skinline.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
41 words
A method as recited in claim 28, wherein determining said external skinline comprises: determining an initial external skinline of said feature; calculating a second derivative of a dark-side LaPlacian; and determining said external skinline as a ridge in said second derivative.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method as recited in claim 31, wherein determining said external skinline as said ridge comprises: determining a gray scale skeleton of pixels in said gradient image; and determining a maxima ridge in said skeleton as said external skinline.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as recited in claim 28, further comprising determining skin thickening using said internal and external skinlines.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as recited in claim 28, further comprising superimposing said internal and external skinlines on said image.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
75 words
A method as recited in claim 1, wherein: said step of segmenting said image produces a segmented image; and said method further comprises: determining an external skinline using said segmented image; calculating a distance of pixels of said image being potential feature pixels to said external skinline; determining an average gray value of said potential feature pixels as a function of said distance; and enhancing a periphery of said image using said average gray value.
Claim 38
Independent Claim
70 words
A system for segmenting images, comprising: an image acquisition device; an image memory connected to said image acquisition device; a local range circuit connected to said image memory; a modified global thresholding circuit connected to said local range circuit; a distance map circuit connected to said modified global thresholding circuit; a contouring circuit connected to distance map circuit; a contour connection circuit connected to said contouring circuit; and a display.
Claim 39
Independent Claim
70 words
A system for segmenting images, comprising: an image acquisition device; an image memory connected to said image acquisition device; a local range circuit connected to said image memory; a modified global thresholding circuit connected to said local range circuit; a distance map circuit connected to said modified global thresholding circuit; a contouring circuit connected to distance map circuit; a contour connection circuit connected to said contouring circuit; and a display.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
60 words
A system as recited in claim 36, comprising: a noise filtering circuit connected between said image memory and said local range circuit; a region growing circuit connected to said modified global histogram circuit; an erosion circuit connected between said region growing circuit and said distance map circuit; and a superimposing circuit connected between said contour connection circuit and said display.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
12 words
A system as recited in claim 36, comprising: a skinline identification circuit.
Claim 42
Independent Claim
65 words
A system for segmenting images, comprising: an image acquisition device; means for determining a global histogram of said image connected to said image acquisition device; means for determining a local range of said global histogram connected to said means for determining a global histogram; means for modifying said global histogram using said local range; means for segmenting said image based upon said modified global histogram.
Claim 43
Independent Claim
65 words
A system for segmenting images, comprising: an image acquisition device; means for determining a global histogram of said image connected to said image acquisition device; means for determining a local range of said global histogram connected to said means for determining a global histogram; means for modifying said global histogram using said local range; means for segmenting said image based upon said modified global histogram.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
23 words
A system as recited in claim 39, further comprising: means for contouring an image segmented by said means for segmenting; and a display.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
51 words
A system for segmenting and determining a skinline in an image, comprising: an image acquisition device; a segmentation circuit connected to said image acquisition device; a gradient circuit connected to said segmentation circuit; a local optimization circuit connected to said gradient circuit; a skinline identification circuit; and a skin analysis circuit.
Claim 46
Independent Claim
51 words
A system for segmenting and determining a skinline in an image, comprising: an image acquisition device; a segmentation circuit connected to said image acquisition device; a gradient circuit connected to said segmentation circuit; a local optimization circuit connected to said gradient circuit; a skinline identification circuit; and a skin analysis circuit.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
46 words
A system as recited in claim 41, wherein said gradient circuit produces a gradient image; and wherein said local optimization circuit comprises: means for calculating a second derivative of a dark-side LaPlacian of said gradient image; and means for finding a ridge in said second derivative.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
34 words
A system as recited in claim 42, wherein said means for finding a ridge comprises: means for generating a gray scale skeleton; and means for finding a maxima ridge in said gray scale skeleton.
Claim 49
Independent Claim
59 words
A system for segmenting an image having an anatomic feature and determining a skinline in said image, comprising: an image acquisition device; a segmentation circuit connected to said image acquisition device; a skinline identification circuit connected to said segmentation circuit; a distance circuit connected to said skinline identification circuit; and an image enhancement circuit connected to said distance circuit.
Claim 50
Independent Claim
59 words
A system for segmenting an image having an anatomic feature and determining a skinline in said image, comprising: an image acquisition device; a segmentation circuit connected to said image acquisition device; a skinline identification circuit connected to said segmentation circuit; a distance circuit connected to said skinline identification circuit; and an image enhancement circuit connected to said distance circuit.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
76 words
A system as recited in claim 44, wherein: said segmentation circuit comprises means for obtaining a segmented image having a plurality of pixels; said distance circuit comprises means for determining a distance of selected pixels of said segmented image from said skinline; and said image enhancement circuit comprises means for determining average gray values of pixels in said segmented image as a function of said distance and means for enhancing a peripheral region of said feature.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
36 words
A system as recited in claim 45, further comprising: a curve fitting circuit connected to said enhancement circuit and having means for fitting a curve to said average gray values as a function of said distance.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1998-09-18 | 1999-03-20 | 1999-09-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2002-09-18 | 2003-03-20 | 2003-09-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2006-09-18 | 2007-03-20 | 2007-09-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |