US5064430A — Polynonapeptide bioelastomers having an increased…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 32 words

A polynonapeptide of the formula: --X--(αβγδεθλπρ).sub.n -- Y-- wherein: α is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i of a β-turn in a polypeptide;

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 32 words

A polynonapeptide of the formula: --X--(αβγδεθλπρ).sub.n -- Y-- wherein: α is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i of a β-turn in a polypeptide;

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 23 words

β is a peptide-forming residue of L-Proline or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+1 of a β-turn in a polypeptide;

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 23 words

β is a peptide-forming residue of L-Proline or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+1 of a β-turn in a polypeptide;

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 23 words

γ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Glycine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+2 of a β-turn in a polypeptide;

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 23 words

γ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Glycine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+2 of a β-turn in a polypeptide;

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 62 words

δ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Phenylalanine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+3 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; ε is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine or D-Alanine, when functioning as position i' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide when δ is as defined, or ε is as defined for α when δ is Glycine or D-Alanine;

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 62 words

δ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Phenylalanine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+3 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; ε is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine or D-Alanine, when functioning as position i' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide when δ is as defined, or ε is as defined for α when δ is Glycine or D-Alanine;

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 39 words

θ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide-forming residue as defined above for α, or when functioning as position (i+1)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, θ is a peptideforming residue as defined above for β;

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 39 words

θ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide-forming residue as defined above for α, or when functioning as position (i+1)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, θ is a peptideforming residue as defined above for β;

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 60 words

λ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, D-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for γ, when functioning as position (i+2)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide; π is a peptide-forming residue of L-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for δ, when functioning as position (i+3)' in a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, or a direct bond; and

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 60 words

λ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, D-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for γ, when functioning as position (i+2)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide; π is a peptide-forming residue of L-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for δ, when functioning as position (i+3)' in a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, or a direct bond; and

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 80 words

ρ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, or D-Alanine; another peptide-forming residue as defined for δ, when wherein X is βγδεθλπρ, γδεθλπρ, δελπρ, εθλπρ, θλπρ, λπρ, πρ, ρ or a direct bond; Y is αβγδεθλπ, αβγδεθλ, αβγδεθ, αβγε, αβγδ, αβγ, αβ, α or a direct bond; and n has a value of 1 to about 5,000; and with the proviso that no more than three of residues ε, θ, λ, π and ρ are simultaneously a peptide-forming residue of Glycine.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 80 words

ρ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, or D-Alanine; another peptide-forming residue as defined for δ, when wherein X is βγδεθλπρ, γδεθλπρ, δελπρ, εθλπρ, θλπρ, λπρ, πρ, ρ or a direct bond; Y is αβγδεθλπ, αβγδεθλ, αβγδεθ, αβγε, αβγδ, αβγ, αβ, α or a direct bond; and n has a value of 1 to about 5,000; and with the proviso that no more than three of residues ε, θ, λ, π and ρ are simultaneously a peptide-forming residue of Glycine.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 205 words

The polypeptide of claim 1, wherein α is selected from the group consisting of peptide-forming residues of L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-Leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tryosine; β is selected from the group consisting of peptide-forming residues of L-proline, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine; γ is selected from the group consisting of peptide-forming glycine, L-alanine, D-alanine, D-valine, D-isoleucine, D-leucine, D-phenylalanine, D-tryptophan and D-tyrosine; δ is selected from the group consisting of peptide-forming residues of L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine; or is selected from the group consisting of Glycine and D-Alanine; ε is selected from the group consisting of peptide-forming residues of glycine and D-alanine, when δ is L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine; or ε is as defined for α when γ is glycine or D-alanine; θ is selected from the group consisting of peptide-forming residues of L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine; or a peptide-forming residue of L-proline; λ is selected from the group consisting of peptide-forming residues of glycine, D-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine; π is selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine, or is a direct bond; and ρ is selected from the group consisting of glycine, and D-alanine.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 77 words

The polynonapeptide of claim 2, wherein α is a peptide-forming residue of L-valine; β is a peptide-forming residue of L-proline; γ is a peptide-forming residue of glycine; δ is a peptide-forming residue of L-phenylalanine or L-leucine; ε is a peptide-forming residue of glycine; θ is a peptide-forming residue of L-valine; λ is a peptide-forming residue of glycine; π is a peptide-forming residue of L-valine or L-alanine or a direct bond; ρ is a peptide-forming residue of glycine.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 21 words

The polynonapeptide of claim 3, wherein δ is a peptide-forming residue of L-phenylalanine and π is a peptideforming residue of glycine.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 249 words

An elastomeric polypeptide of the formula: --(A--(αβγδεθλπρ)--.sub.n B)--.sub.m wherein α is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i of a β-turn in a polypeptide; β is a peptide-forming residue of L-Proline or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+1 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; γ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Glycine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+2 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; δ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Phenylalanine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+3 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; ε is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine or D-Alanine, when functioning as position i' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide when δ is as defined, or ε is as defined for α when δ is glycine or D-alanine; θ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine, L-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined above for α, or when functioning as position (i+1)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, θ is a peptide-forming residue as defined above for β; λ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, D-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for γ, when functioning as position (i+2)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide; π is a peptide-forming residue of L-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for δ when functioning as position (i+3)' in a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, or a direct bond; and ρ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine or D-alanine;

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 249 words

An elastomeric polypeptide of the formula: --(A--(αβγδεθλπρ)--.sub.n B)--.sub.m wherein α is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i of a β-turn in a polypeptide; β is a peptide-forming residue of L-Proline or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+1 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; γ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Glycine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+2 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; δ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Phenylalanine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+3 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; ε is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine or D-Alanine, when functioning as position i' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide when δ is as defined, or ε is as defined for α when δ is glycine or D-alanine; θ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine, L-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined above for α, or when functioning as position (i+1)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, θ is a peptide-forming residue as defined above for β; λ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, D-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for γ, when functioning as position (i+2)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide; π is a peptide-forming residue of L-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for δ when functioning as position (i+3)' in a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, or a direct bond; and ρ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine or D-alanine;

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 104 words

wherein X is βγδεθλπρ, γδεθλπρ, εθλπρ, θλπρ, λπρ, πρ, π or a direct bond; Y is αβγδεθλπ, αβγδεθλ, αβγδεθ, αβγδε, αβγδ, αβγ, αβ, α or a direct bond; and n has a value of 1 to about 5,000; and with the proviso that no more than three of residues ε, θ, λ, π and ρ are simultaneously a peptide-forming residue of Glycine; and wherein each of A and B, which are the same or different, represent a moiety which is capable of modulating elastomeric force by an inverse temperature transition; and m and n each have a value of from 1 to about 5,000.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 104 words

wherein X is βγδεθλπρ, γδεθλπρ, εθλπρ, θλπρ, λπρ, πρ, π or a direct bond; Y is αβγδεθλπ, αβγδεθλ, αβγδεθ, αβγδε, αβγδ, αβγ, αβ, α or a direct bond; and n has a value of 1 to about 5,000; and with the proviso that no more than three of residues ε, θ, λ, π and ρ are simultaneously a peptide-forming residue of Glycine; and wherein each of A and B, which are the same or different, represent a moiety which is capable of modulating elastomeric force by an inverse temperature transition; and m and n each have a value of from 1 to about 5,000.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 93 words

The elastomeric polypeptide of claim 5, wherein said moieties A and B are selected from the group consisting of --(APGVGV)-- m --(VPGVG)-- m , --(IPGVG)-- m , --(VPGAG)-- m , --(VPGG)-- m , --(IPGG)-- m and --(FPGG)-- m wherein: V is a peptide-forming residue of L-valine; P is a peptide-forming residue of L-proline; G is a peptide-forming residue of glycine; I is a peptide-forming residue of isoleucine; A is a peptide-forming residue of L-alanine; and F is a peptide-forming residue of L-phenylalanine; and m has a value of from 1 to about 5,000.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 77 words

The elastomeric polypeptide of claim 5, wherein said moieties A and B, which are the same or different, are each an elastomeric material selected from the group consisting of elastomeric tetrapeptide and pentapeptide repeating units and units thereof modified by hexapeptide units and mixtures thereof, wherein said repeating units comprise amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic amino acid and glycine residues, and wherein said repeating units exist in a conformation having a β-turn.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 321 words

A vascular prosthetic material comprising at least one layer of a material comprising a polynonapeptide of the formula: --X--(αβγδεθλπρ).sub.n --Y-- wherein: α is a peptide-forming residue of L-valine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i of a β-turn in a polypeptide; β is a peptide-forming residue of L-Proline or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+1 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; γ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Glycine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+2 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; δ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Phenylalanine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+3 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; ε is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine or D-Alanine, when functioning in position i' of a subsequent β-turn polypeptide when δ is as defined, or ε is as defined for α when δ is Glycine or D-Alanine; θ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide-forming residue as defined above for α, or when functioning as position (i+1)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, θ is a peptide-forming residue as defined above for β; λ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, D-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for γ, when functioning as position (i+2)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide; π is a peptide-forming residue of L-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for δ, when functioning as position (i+3)' in a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, or a direct bond; and ρ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, or D-Alanine; wherein X is βνδεθλπρ, γδεθλπρ, δελπρ, εθλπρ, θλπρ, λπρ, πρ, ρ or a direct bond; Y is αβγδεθλπ, αβγδεθλ, αβγδεθ, αβγδε, αβγδ, αβγ, αβ, α or a direct bond; and n has a value of 1 to about 5,000; and with the proviso that no more than three of residues ε, θ, λ, π and ρ are simultaneously a peptide-forming residue of Glycine.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 321 words

A vascular prosthetic material comprising at least one layer of a material comprising a polynonapeptide of the formula: --X--(αβγδεθλπρ).sub.n --Y-- wherein: α is a peptide-forming residue of L-valine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i of a β-turn in a polypeptide; β is a peptide-forming residue of L-Proline or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+1 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; γ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Glycine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+2 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; δ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Phenylalanine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+3 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; ε is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine or D-Alanine, when functioning in position i' of a subsequent β-turn polypeptide when δ is as defined, or ε is as defined for α when δ is Glycine or D-Alanine; θ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide-forming residue as defined above for α, or when functioning as position (i+1)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, θ is a peptide-forming residue as defined above for β; λ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, D-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for γ, when functioning as position (i+2)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide; π is a peptide-forming residue of L-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for δ, when functioning as position (i+3)' in a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, or a direct bond; and ρ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, or D-Alanine; wherein X is βνδεθλπρ, γδεθλπρ, δελπρ, εθλπρ, θλπρ, λπρ, πρ, ρ or a direct bond; Y is αβγδεθλπ, αβγδεθλ, αβγδεθ, αβγδε, αβγδ, αβγ, αβ, α or a direct bond; and n has a value of 1 to about 5,000; and with the proviso that no more than three of residues ε, θ, λ, π and ρ are simultaneously a peptide-forming residue of Glycine.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 28 words

The vascular prosthetic material of claim 8, which is in the form of a vessel suitable for use as a portion of an artery, vein or lymphatic vessel.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 11 words

The vascular prosthetic material of claim 8, which is substantially cross-linked.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 131 words

The vascular prosthetic material of claim 8, wherein said at least one layer comprises at least one of the following compositions: A. [(VPGVG) m -- (αβγδεθλπρ) n )].sub.l or B. [(VPGVG) m --(αβγδεθλπρ) n --(VAPGVG) o ] l or C. [(VPGVG) m --VAPGVG) o --(αβγδεθλπρ) n ] l wherein: V is a peptide-forming residue of L-valine; P is a peptide-forming residue of L-proline; G is a peptide-forming residue of glycine; and A is a peptide-forming residue of L-alanine; and m is in the range of about 0 to 20, n is in the range of 2 to 20; and o is in the range of about 0 to 20, and l has a value such that a minimum molecular weight is obtained in the range of about 10,000 to 50,000 daltons.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 185 words

The vascular prosthetic material of claim 8, which comprises three layers, said vascular prosthetic material comprising: (a) an intimal-inner layer, which comprises an elastomeric material selected from the group consisting of one or more of said polynonapeptides and which optionally comprises a component selected from the group consisting of one or more cell attachment sequences for endothelial cells, one or more chemotactic peptides for endothelial cells, and combinations thereof; (b) a medial-middle layer, which comprises an elastomeric material and an additional component selected from the group consisting of one or more cell attachment sequences for smooth muscle cells, one or more chemotactic peptides for smooth muscle cells, and combinations thereof; and (c) an adventitial-outer layer, which comprises an elastomeric material and an additional component selected from the group consisting of one or more lysine-containing polypentapeptides which render said outer layer capable of being covalently cross-linked to extracellular matrix surrounding said vascular material when implanted and which optionally contains a further component selected from the group consisting of one or more cells attachment sequences for fibroblasts, one or more chemotactic peptides for fibroblasts, and combinations thereof.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 135 words

The vascular prosthetic material of claim 12, wherein said medial-middle layer comprises [(VPGVG) m --(α β γ δ ε θ λ π ρ) n --(VAPGVG) o ] l or [(VPGVG) m --(VAPGVG) o --(α β γ δ ε θ λ π ρ) n ] l , wherein V is a peptide-forming residue of L-valine; P is a peptide-forming residue of L-proline; G is a peptide-forming reside of glycine; and A is a peptide-forming residue of L-alanine; and n is an integer in the range of about 0 to 20, n is an integer in the range of about 2 to 20, o is an integer in the range of about 0 to 20, and l has a value such that a minimum molecular weight is obtained in the range of about 10,000 to 50,000 daltons.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 18 words

The vascular prosthetic material of claim 12, wherein said intimal-inner layer comprises: [(VPGVG).sub.m -(αβγδεθλπρ).sub.n ].sub.l or --X--(αβγδεθλπρ).sub.n --Y--

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 37 words

The vascular prosthetic material of claim 12, wherein said medial-middle layer comprises an elastomer having the formula: [(VPGVG).sub.m --(VAPGVG).sub.o ].sub.l wherein V, P, G, V, G, A, m, n and l are as defined in claim 11.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 59 words

The vascular prosthetic material of claim 12, wherein said adventitial-outer layer comprises an elastomer having the formula: [(VPGKG).sub.r --(VPGKG)].sub.s wherein V, P, G, V, G are peptide-forming residues of L-valine, L-proline and glycine; r has a value of about 5 to 30, and s has a value such that a molecular weight of at least 10,000 daltons is obtained.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 36 words

The vascular prosthetic material of claim 16, wherein r has a value of about 10 to 20, and s has a value such that a molecular weight of at least 10,000 to 50,000 daltons is obtained.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 326 words

An artificial ligament having an increased modulus of elasticity, comprising an effective amount of one or more polynonapeptides of the formula: --X--(αβγδεθλπρ)--.sub.n Y-- wherein α is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide forming residue capable of functioning in position i of a β-turn in a polypeptide; β is a peptide-forming residue of L-Proline or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+1 of β-turn in a polypeptide; γ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Glycine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+2 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; δ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Phenylalanine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+3 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; ε is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine or D-Alanine, when functioning as position i' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide when δ is as defined or ε is as defined for α when δ is Glycine or D-Alanine; θ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide-forming residue as defined above for α, or when functioning as position (i+1)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, θ is a peptide forming residue as defined above for β; λ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, D-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for γ, when functioning as position (i+2)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide; π is a peptide-forming residue of L-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for δ, when functioning as position (i+3)' in a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, or a direct bond; and ρ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, or D-Alanine; wherein X is βγδεθλπρ, γδεθλπρ, δελπρ, εθλπρ, θλπρ, λπρ, πρ, ρ or a direct bond; Y is αβγδεθλπ, αβγδεθλ, αβγδεθ, αβλδεγδ, αβν, αβ, α or a direct bond; and n has a value of 1 to about 5,000; and with the proviso that no more than three of residues ε, θ, λ, π and ρ are simultaneously a peptide-forming residue of Glycine.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 326 words

An artificial ligament having an increased modulus of elasticity, comprising an effective amount of one or more polynonapeptides of the formula: --X--(αβγδεθλπρ)--.sub.n Y-- wherein α is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide forming residue capable of functioning in position i of a β-turn in a polypeptide; β is a peptide-forming residue of L-Proline or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+1 of β-turn in a polypeptide; γ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Glycine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+2 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; δ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Phenylalanine or another peptide-forming residue capable of functioning in position i+3 of a β-turn in a polypeptide; ε is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine or D-Alanine, when functioning as position i' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide when δ is as defined or ε is as defined for α when δ is Glycine or D-Alanine; θ is a peptide-forming residue of L-Valine or another peptide-forming residue as defined above for α, or when functioning as position (i+1)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, θ is a peptide forming residue as defined above for β; λ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, D-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for γ, when functioning as position (i+2)' of a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide; π is a peptide-forming residue of L-Alanine or another peptide-forming residue as defined for δ, when functioning as position (i+3)' in a subsequent β-turn in a polypeptide, or a direct bond; and ρ is a peptide-forming residue of Glycine, or D-Alanine; wherein X is βγδεθλπρ, γδεθλπρ, δελπρ, εθλπρ, θλπρ, λπρ, πρ, ρ or a direct bond; Y is αβγδεθλπ, αβγδεθλ, αβγδεθ, αβλδεγδ, αβν, αβ, α or a direct bond; and n has a value of 1 to about 5,000; and with the proviso that no more than three of residues ε, θ, λ, π and ρ are simultaneously a peptide-forming residue of Glycine.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1994-11-11	1995-05-13	1995-11-12	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1998-11-11	1999-05-13	1999-11-12	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2002-11-11	2003-05-13	2003-11-12	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Polynonapeptide bioelastomers having an increased elastic modulus

Abstract

Inventors

Bibliographic Details

Claims Analysis

References Cited (Backward Citations)

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Assigned Categories & Tags

Assign Category Tag