Far ultraviolet surgical and dental procedures

Claim 1

A method for removing selected areas of a biological layer comprised of organic material, including the steps of: selecting a desired area of said biological layer, and irradiating said desired area with a plurality of pulses of pulsed ultraviolet radiation having wavelengths less than 200 nanometers and energy fluences sufficient to cause ablative photodecomposition of said biological layer to an optically visible depth, said pulses having energy fluences per pulse at least about 10 mJ/cm 2 , the pulse fluence, pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial accumulation of heat occurs in areas of said biological layer adjacent said desired area.

Claim 2

A method for removing selected areas of a biological layer comprised of organic material, including the steps of: selecting a desired area of said biological layer, and irradiating said desired area with a plurality of pulses of pulsed ultraviolet radiation having wavelengths less than 200 nanometers and energy fluences sufficient to cause ablative photodecomposition of said biological layer to an optically visible depth, said pulses having energy fluences per pulse at least about 10 mJ/cm 2 , the pulse fluence, pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial accumulation of heat occurs in areas of said biological layer adjacent said desired area.

Claim 10

A method for selectively removing portions of a biological layer comprised of an organic material, comprising the steps of: selecting an area of said biological layer for irradiation by ultraviolet radiation, and irradiating said selected area with a plurality of pulses of pulsed ultraviolet radiation having wavelengths less than 200 nm, said radiation being produced by a laser and having a minimum energy flux of about 10 mJ/cm 2 /pulse, said radiation causing photodecomposition of said selected area by ablation of surface regions of said selected area in a manner in which volatile by-products are blown off without diffusion of substantial amounts of heat into the regions of said biological layer surrounding said selected area to etch said area to a depth which is optically visible, the pulse fluence, pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said laser pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial accumulation of heat occurs in regions of the biological layer surrounding said selected area.

Claim 11

A method for selectively removing portions of a biological layer comprised of an organic material, comprising the steps of: selecting an area of said biological layer for irradiation by ultraviolet radiation, and irradiating said selected area with a plurality of pulses of pulsed ultraviolet radiation having wavelengths less than 200 nm, said radiation being produced by a laser and having a minimum energy flux of about 10 mJ/cm 2 /pulse, said radiation causing photodecomposition of said selected area by ablation of surface regions of said selected area in a manner in which volatile by-products are blown off without diffusion of substantial amounts of heat into the regions of said biological layer surrounding said selected area to etch said area to a depth which is optically visible, the pulse fluence, pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said laser pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial accumulation of heat occurs in regions of the biological layer surrounding said selected area.

Claim 15

A method for removing a selected amount of a biological layer comprised of organic material, including the steps of: selecting a desired area of said biological layer, irradiating said desired area with pulses of ultraviolet radiation from a laser providing pulsed radiation that is substantially absorbed in a thin region of said biological layer, said pulsed radiation having an energy fluence sufficiently great to cause the production of volatile species localized in the area struck by said laser pulses without diffusion of a substantial amount of heat into said biological layer to etch said biological layer in said area, said volatile products being produced and blown off substantially only along the optical path of said laser pulses in said biological layer, said pulses of radiation having energy fluences per pulse at least about 10 mJ/cm 2 , the pulse fluence, pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial accumulation of heat occurs in regions of said biological layer surrounding said desired area, and continuing the irradiation of said biological layer for time period sufficient to insure that said selected mount of the biological material is removed, said etched area being sufficiently deep that it is optically visible.

Claim 16

A method for removing a selected amount of a biological layer comprised of organic material, including the steps of: selecting a desired area of said biological layer, irradiating said desired area with pulses of ultraviolet radiation from a laser providing pulsed radiation that is substantially absorbed in a thin region of said biological layer, said pulsed radiation having an energy fluence sufficiently great to cause the production of volatile species localized in the area struck by said laser pulses without diffusion of a substantial amount of heat into said biological layer to etch said biological layer in said area, said volatile products being produced and blown off substantially only along the optical path of said laser pulses in said biological layer, said pulses of radiation having energy fluences per pulse at least about 10 mJ/cm 2 , the pulse fluence, pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial accumulation of heat occurs in regions of said biological layer surrounding said desired area, and continuing the irradiation of said biological layer for time period sufficient to insure that said selected mount of the biological material is removed, said etched area being sufficiently deep that it is optically visible.

Claim 20

A method for removing a portion of a biological layer comprised of protein organic material, comprising the step of: irradiating a selected area of said layer by a plurality of pulses of ultraviolet laser radiation which are absorbed in a small depth of said biological layer, said pulsed radiation having an energy fluence per pulse sufficient to cause the production of volatile species in said selected area in a time period which is short compared to the time required for energy to diffuse into regions of said biological layer surrounding said selected area, said volatile species escaping from said biological layer to produce etching in said selected area to an optically visible depth, said energy fluence being at least about 10 mJ/cm 2 /pulse, the pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial heating occurs in regions of said protein organic material adjacent said selected area.

Claim 21

A method for removing a portion of a biological layer comprised of protein organic material, comprising the step of: irradiating a selected area of said layer by a plurality of pulses of ultraviolet laser radiation which are absorbed in a small depth of said biological layer, said pulsed radiation having an energy fluence per pulse sufficient to cause the production of volatile species in said selected area in a time period which is short compared to the time required for energy to diffuse into regions of said biological layer surrounding said selected area, said volatile species escaping from said biological layer to produce etching in said selected area to an optically visible depth, said energy fluence being at least about 10 mJ/cm 2 /pulse, the pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial heating occurs in regions of said protein organic material adjacent said selected area.

Claim 23

A method for removing a portion of a protein biological layer to a desired depth, comprising the steps of: directing a plurality of pulses of ultraviolet radiation at said biological layer, said pulses being absorbed in a small depth of said biological layer and having an energy intensity in excess of a threshold amount necessary to etch said biological layer by a process in which volatile species are produced in the area of said biological layer struck by said pulses and escape therefrom to cause said etching, said volatile species being produced in a time period that is short compared to the time required for energy to diffuse into said biological layer, said pulses having energy fluences per pulse at least about 10 mJ/cm 2 , the pulse fluence, pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial accumulation of heat occurs in regions of said biological layer surrounding the area irradiated by said pulses, and continuing the irradiation of said biological layer by said pulses until removal of said portion of the biological layer is complete to a depth which is optically visible.

Claim 24

A method for removing a portion of a protein biological layer to a desired depth, comprising the steps of: directing a plurality of pulses of ultraviolet radiation at said biological layer, said pulses being absorbed in a small depth of said biological layer and having an energy intensity in excess of a threshold amount necessary to etch said biological layer by a process in which volatile species are produced in the area of said biological layer struck by said pulses and escape therefrom to cause said etching, said volatile species being produced in a time period that is short compared to the time required for energy to diffuse into said biological layer, said pulses having energy fluences per pulse at least about 10 mJ/cm 2 , the pulse fluence, pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial accumulation of heat occurs in regions of said biological layer surrounding the area irradiated by said pulses, and continuing the irradiation of said biological layer by said pulses until removal of said portion of the biological layer is complete to a depth which is optically visible.

Claim 26

A method for etching a biological sample to an optically visible depth, comprising the steps of: delivering energy to a small volume of said biological sample by irradiating said sample with a plurality of ultraviolet laser pulses, said laser pulses having energy fluences per pulse at least about 10 mJ/cm 2 , the pulse fluence, pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial accumulation of heat occurs in regions of said biological sample adjacent to the location where said laser pulses are absorbed.

Claim 27

A method for etching a biological sample to an optically visible depth, comprising the steps of: delivering energy to a small volume of said biological sample by irradiating said sample with a plurality of ultraviolet laser pulses, said laser pulses having energy fluences per pulse at least about 10 mJ/cm 2 , the pulse fluence, pulse width and pulse repetition rate of said pulses being sufficiently small that no substantial accumulation of heat occurs in regions of said biological sample adjacent to the location where said laser pulses are absorbed.