US4581524A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Flexible ferromagnetic marker for the detection of objects having markers secured thereto
Assignee: 3M Co
•
Filing: 1983-04-26
•
Granted: 1986-04-08
•
Expires: 2003-04-26
Abstract
Abstract A marker adapted to be used with cloth or fabric articles to enable the detection thereof in an electromagnetic article surveillance system within which the marker generates a detectable signal related to an alternating electromagnetic field applied within an interrogation zone, wherein the marker comprises an elongated strip of amorphous ferromagnetic ribbon sealed on all major surfaces within flexible polymeric cover layers having a low rate of water vapor transmission, and a high degree of thermal stability, puncture resistance and conformability, such that the articles having the marker included therein may be subjected to repeated flexing and high temperature and humidity conditions such as encountered in commercial laundry operations without affecting the magnetic properties of the marker, while also not appreciably stiffening the article itself, thus being readily attached to or concealed therein.
Inventors
- 👤 Earl B. Hoekman
- 👤 Samuel Montean
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 13:10
CPC Classifications
G; G08; G08B; G08B13/00; G08B13/22; G08B13/24; G08B13/2402; G08B13/2405; G08B13/2408; G08B13/2411; D; D06; D06H; D06H1/00; D06H1/04; G01; G01V; G01V15/00; G08B13/2428; G08B13/2437; G08B13/2442; G08B13/2445; G11; G11B; G11B33/00; G11B33/02; G11B33/04; G11B33/0405; G11B33/0488
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 26
Claim 1
Independent Claim
156 words
A marker adapted for use in an electromagnetic article surveillance system wherein said marker generates a detectable signal related to an alternating electromagnetic field applied within an interrogation zone, said marker comprising an elongated section of a ferromagnetic amorphous metal having a ratio of length to square root of cross-sectional area of at least 150, sealed on all major surfaces between cover layers of substantially continuous and flexible polymeric material in the range of 0.025 to 0.3 mm thick, said polymeric material exhibiting at temperatures up to 85° C. a rate of water-vapor transmission and degrees of hydrolytic stability and puncture resistance sufficient to enable the marker to be subjected to at least fifty commercial laundrying cycles without appreciable change in those parameters, while also having a high degree of conformability and drapeability so as to enable the marker to be affixed to or inserted in cloth of fabric articles without appreciable stiffening of the articles.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
156 words
A marker adapted for use in an electromagnetic article surveillance system wherein said marker generates a detectable signal related to an alternating electromagnetic field applied within an interrogation zone, said marker comprising an elongated section of a ferromagnetic amorphous metal having a ratio of length to square root of cross-sectional area of at least 150, sealed on all major surfaces between cover layers of substantially continuous and flexible polymeric material in the range of 0.025 to 0.3 mm thick, said polymeric material exhibiting at temperatures up to 85° C. a rate of water-vapor transmission and degrees of hydrolytic stability and puncture resistance sufficient to enable the marker to be subjected to at least fifty commercial laundrying cycles without appreciable change in those parameters, while also having a high degree of conformability and drapeability so as to enable the marker to be affixed to or inserted in cloth of fabric articles without appreciable stiffening of the articles.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
44 words
A marker according to claim 1, wherein said metal strip is formed with rounded ends, thereby avoiding the presence of sharp edges which tend to concentrate stress upon bending or flexing of the marker, thus causing the strip to pierce the polymeric cover layers.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
42 words
A marker according to claim 1, wherein said polymeric layers are formed with rounded ends, thereby avoiding the presence of sharp edges tending to protrude out of or from cloth or fabric articles within or upon which the marker may be affixed.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
A marker according to claim 1, further comprising an adhesive layer on at least one outer surface.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
A marker according to claim 4, wherein said adhesive layer is pressure sensitive.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
A marker according to claim 1, wherein said polymeric layers are adhesively bonded together outside the edges of said metal strip.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
A marker according to claim 1, wherein said metal strip is totally sealed within said layers.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
A marker according to claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises a polyester-urethane film.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
44 words
A marker according to claim 1, further comprising at least one section of magnetizable material which when magnetized biases said strip causing the signal produced thereby when in said interrogation zone to be detectably different than when said section is in an unmagnetized condition.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
166 words
An article adapted to be readily detected in an electromagnetic article surveillance system. said article comprising a flexible cloth or fabric construction and having affixed thereto a marker which generates a detectable signal related to an alternating electromagnetic field produced by said system within an interrogation zone, said marker being in the form of an elongated section of a ferromagnetic amorphous metal having a ratio of length to square root of cross-sectional area of at least 150 and, sealed on all major surfaces between cover layers of substantially continuous and flexible polymeric material in the range of 0.025 to 0.3 mm thick, said polymeric material exhibiting at temperatures up to 85° C. a rate of water vapor transmission and degrees of hydrolytic stability and puncture resistance sufficient to enable the marker to be subjected to at least fifty commercial laundrying cycles without appreciable change in those parameters, while also having a high degree of conformability and drapeability so as to avoid appreciable stiffening of the article.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
166 words
An article adapted to be readily detected in an electromagnetic article surveillance system. said article comprising a flexible cloth or fabric construction and having affixed thereto a marker which generates a detectable signal related to an alternating electromagnetic field produced by said system within an interrogation zone, said marker being in the form of an elongated section of a ferromagnetic amorphous metal having a ratio of length to square root of cross-sectional area of at least 150 and, sealed on all major surfaces between cover layers of substantially continuous and flexible polymeric material in the range of 0.025 to 0.3 mm thick, said polymeric material exhibiting at temperatures up to 85° C. a rate of water vapor transmission and degrees of hydrolytic stability and puncture resistance sufficient to enable the marker to be subjected to at least fifty commercial laundrying cycles without appreciable change in those parameters, while also having a high degree of conformability and drapeability so as to avoid appreciable stiffening of the article.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
48 words
An article according to claim 10, wherein said metal strip within the marker is formed with substantially rounded ends, thereby avoiding the presence of sharp edges which tend to concentrate stress upon bending or flexing of the marker, thus causing the strip to pierce the polymeric cover layers.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
39 words
An article according to claim 10, wherein said polymeric layers of the marker are formed with substantially rounded ends, thereby avoiding the presence of sharp edges tending to protrude out of said article within which the marker is concealed.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
19 words
An article according to claim 10, further comprising an adhesive layer securing said marker to said cloth of fabric.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
An article according to claim 13, wherein said adhesive layer is pressure sensitive.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
24 words
An article according to claim 10, wherein said polymeric layers on the marker are adhesively bonded together outside the edges of said metal strip.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
An article according to claim 10, wherein said metal strip of the marker is totally sealed within said layers.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
An article according to claim 10, wherein said polymeric material comprises a polyester-urethane film.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
49 words
An article according to claim 10, wherein said marker further comprises at least one section of a magnetizable material which when magnetized biases said ferromagnetic strip, causing the signal produced thereby when in said interrogation zone to be detectably different than when said section is in an unmagnetized condition.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
26 words
A marker according to claim 1, wherein said metal section is a strip having a thickness of less than 0.075 mm sealed between substantially planar covers.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
13 words
A marker according to claim 1, further comprising an additional outer fabric layer.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
A marker according to claim 4, wherein said adhesive layer is thermoplastic.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
14 words
A marker according to claim 1, wherein said polymeric layers are thermoplastically bonded together.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
12 words
An article according to claim 13, wherein said adhesive layer is thermoplastic.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
14 words
An article according to claim 10, wherein said polymeric layers are thermoplastically bonded together.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3665449A
Cited
US3820104A
Cited
US4058839A
Cited
US4152476A
Cited
US4298862A
Cited
US4342904A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-04-07 | 1989-10-07 | 1990-04-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-04-07 | 1993-10-07 | 1994-04-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-04-07 | 1997-10-07 | 1998-04-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |