Temperature indicating compositions of matter

Claim 1

A composition of matter exhibiting a sharp color change upon transition from a liquid state to a solid state of from a solid state to a liquid state capable of being supercooled for at least several minutes, and substantially free of impurities, consisting essentially of: (a) a solvent adapted to change from a solid state at substantially a predetermined temperature to a liquid state; and (b) an effective amount of one or more suitable organic moieties dissolved in and inert towards said solvent to form a solid solution when the composition is in the solid state, and adapted to change the color of the composition visible to the naked eye upon the change in state at substantially the predetermined temperature when so dissolved, and selected from one of the groups consisting of: (1) one or more of a Group III body of compounds consisting of pinacyanol iodide, 1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine iodide, quinaldine red, pinacyanol chloride, thionin, methylene blue, cresol red, chlorophenol red, neutral red iodide, neutral red chloride, crystal violet, acridin orange, Orasol Orange RLN™, Orasol Navy Blue™, Irgalith Red PR™, Fat Red BS™, Xylene Cyanol FF™, Rhodamine B™, Rhodamine 6G™, Irgalith Magneta TCB™, Irgalith Pink TYNC™, Toluidine Blue O™, Savinyl Green B™, Savinyl Blue RS™, purpurin, 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide, cryptocyanine, Dicyanine A™, Merocyanine 540™, 4-(p-ethoxyphenylazo)-m-phenylene diamine monohydrochloride, Yellow Orange S™, Chrysoidan G™, fuchsin, aurintricarboxylic acid (ammonium salt), Victoria Blue R™, Pyronin G™, gallein, Erythrosin Yellow Blend™, chlorophenol blue, bromophenol blue, bromocresol purple, Coriphosphine O™, acriflavine, acridine orange, rhoduline violet, Alizarin cyanin 2R™, Alizarin Red S™, alcannin, Aurantia, Direct Green G™, Fast Red Salt 3GL™, Fast Blue Salt BB™, Fast Garnet Salt GBC™, Carta Yellow G 180 o/o™, Murexide, Savinyl Blue GLS™, Irgalith Blue GLSM™ , phthalocyanine, Di Amingreen B™, Alizarin Blue S, Celliton Blue Extra™, neocyanine, Janus Green™, dimethyl yellow, Fast Yellow™, methyl red sodium salt, Alizarin Yellow R™, Eriochrome Black T™, Chromotrope 2R™, Ponceau 6R™, Brilliant Ponceau G/R/2R™, chromolan yellow, Sudan Red B™, Bismarck brown G™, Fat Black™, Resorcin Brown™, Benzofast Pink 2BL™, Oil Red EGN™, Euroglaucine, Fuchsin NB™, parafuchsin, Patent Blue™, Irgalith Blue TNC™, Phloxin B™, fluorescein sodium salt, Rhodamine B base™, Eosin Scarlet, Eosin Yellowish™, Erythrosin extra bluish, 4,5-dibromofluorescein, ethyleosin, Phloxine™, Cyanovin B™, chlorocresol green, pinacyanol bromide, 2-(p-dimethylaminostryl)-1-ethyl pyridinium iodide, ethyl red, nigrosine, Savinyl Blue B™, Orasol Blue BLN™, Safranin O™, Azocarnum G™, Phenosafranine™, Azocarmine BX™, Solophenyl Brilliant Blue BL™, Nile Blue A™, gallocyanine, gallamine blue, celestine blue, methylene green, Azure A/B/C™, Blue VIF Organol™, Alizarin, Nitrofast Green GSB™, quinalizarine, Oil Blue N™, Solvay purple, Ciba Blue™, Indigo synthetic™, Chromophtal Bordeaux RS™, Acid Alizarin Red B™, 5-aminoflourescein, Rose Bengal™, Martius Yellow™, Chicago Blue 6B™, Alcian Blue 8GX™, cresyl violet, 4,4'Bis(dimethylamino)benzylhdrol, zinc Pthalocyanine, Sudan III™, Pyronin Y™, Toluylene Blue™, cresyl violet perchlorate, Mendola's Blue™, Phosphine Dye, Nitron™, cresyl violet acetate, Ceres Orange R™, 4-phenylazo-1-naphtyl-amine, 4-(4-Dimethylamino-1-napthylazo)-3-methoxybenzene sulfonic acid, Bindschedler's Green™, and p-(p-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid; (2) a binary mixture of: (A) one or more of a Group I body of compounds soluble in said solvent consisting of the halogenated sulfonphthaleins and the organic acids having a pK 1 less than about four; and (B) one or more of a Group II body of compounds consisting of the aminotriphenylmethanes and their soluble salts, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and the cyanines; wherein the weight ratio of the Group I body of compounds to the Group II body of compounds is more than or about 3 to 1 and with the proviso that if the Group II compounds consist solely of one or more aminotriphenylmethanes or their soluble salts, then the Group I compound must be selected from one or more of the group consisting of oxalic acid, suitable soluble sulfonic acids, and the tetrahalogenated sulfonphthaleins, and the other organic acids having a pK 1 of less than or about 2; and (3) one or more of the aforesaid Group III body of compounds with one or more of the Group I or Group II bodies of compounds.

Claim 90

A method of determining a temperature to be measured comprising the steps of: (a) providing a temperature-indicating device comprising a heat-conducting carrier having one or more spaced regions defined therein to determine a like number of predetermined temperatures in a predetermined temperature range, said spaced regions containing like number of different compositions of matter therein, each a solid solution, said carrier having a transparent cover sheet means in sealing engagement therewith, each of the compositions of matter changing color visible to the naked eye upon transition of the compositions of matter from a liquid state to a solid state, which transition occurs at a known temperature different from the compositions of matter in the remaining regions, each composition of matter exhibiting a sharp color change upon transition from a solid state to a liquid state capable of being supercooled for at least several minutes, and substantially free of impurities, consisting essentially of: (1) a solvent adapted to change from a solid to a liquid state at substantially the predetermined temperature; and (2) an effective amount of one or more suitable moieties dissolved in and inert toward said solvent to form a solid solution when the composition is in the solid state, and adapted to change the color of the composition visible to the naked eye upon the change in state at substantially the predetermined temperature when so dissolved, and selected from one of the groups consisting of: (A) one or more of a Group III body of compounds consisting of pinacyanol iodide, quinaldine red, 1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine iodide, pinacyanol chloride, thionin, methylene blue, cresol red, chlorophenol red, crystal violet, acridin orange, Orasol Orange RLN™, Orasol Navy Blue™, Irgalith Red PR™, Fat Red BS™, Xylene Cyanol FF™, Rhodamine B™, Rhodamine 6G™, Irgalith Magenta TCB™, Irgalith pink TYNC™, Toluidine Blue O, Savinyl Green B™, Savinyl Blue RS™, purpurin, 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide, cryptocyanine, Dicyanine A™, Merocyanine 540™, 4-(p-ethoxyphenylazo)-m-phenylene diamine monohydrochloride, Yellow Orange S™, Chrysoidin G™, fuchsin, aurintricarboxylic acid (ammonium salt), Victoria Blue R™, Pyronin G™, gallein, Erythrosin Yellow Blend™, chlorophenol blue, bromophenol blue, bromocresol purple, Coriphosphine O™, acriflavine, acridine orange, rhoduline violet, Alizarin Cyanin 2R™, Alizarin Red S™, alcannin, Aurantia, Direct Green G™, Fast Red Salt 3Gl™, Fast Blue Salt BB™, Fast Garnet Salt GBC™, Carta Yellow G 180 o/o™, Savinyl Blue GLS™, Irgalith Blue GLSM™, phthalocyanine, Di Amingreen B™, Alizarin Blue S, Celliton Blue Extra™, neocyanine, Janus Green, dimethyl yellow, Fast Yellow, methyl red sodium salt, Alizarin yellow R™, Eriochrome Black T™, Chromotrope 2R™, Ponceau 6R™, Brilliant Ponceau G/R2R™, chromolan yellow, Sudan Red B™, Bismarck brown G™, Fat Black™, Resorcin Brown™, Benzofast pink 2Bl™, Oil Red EGN™, Euroglaucine, Fuchsin NB™, parafuchsin, Patent Blue™, Irgalith Blue TNC™, Phloxin B™, fluroescein sodium salt, Rhodamine B base™, Eosin Scarlet, Eosin Yellowish™, Erythrosin extra bluish, 4,5-dibromofluorescein, ethyleosin, Phloxine™, Cyanovin B™, chlorocresol green, pinacyanol bromide, 2-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-1-ethyl pyridinium iodide, ethyl red, neutral red iodide, nigrosine, Savinyl Blue B™, Orasol Blue BLN™, Safranin O™, Azocarnun G™, Phenosafranine, Azocarmine BX™, Solophenyl Brilliant Blue BL™, Nile Blue A™, gallocyanine, galamine blue, celestine blue, methylene green, Azure A/B/C™, Blue VIF Organol™, Alizarin, Nitrofast Green GSB™, quinalizarine, Oil Blue N™, Solvay purple, Ciba Blue™, Indigo synthetic™, Chromophtal Bordeaux RS™, Acid Alizarin Red B™, 5-aminoflourescein, Rose Bengal™, Martius Yellow™, Chicago Blue 6B™, Alcian Blue 8GX™, cresyl violet, 4,4'Bis(dimethylamino)benzylhydrol, Zinc Pthalocyanine, Sudan III™, Pyronin Y™, Toluylene Blue™, cresyl violet perchlorate, Mendola's Blue™, 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide, Phosphine Dye, Nitron™, cresyl violet acetate, Ceres Orange R™, 4-phenylazo-1-naphtyl-amine, 4-(4-Dimethylamino-1-napthylazo-3-methoxybenzene sulfonic acid, Bindschedler's Green™, and p-(p-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid; (B) a binary mixture of: (1) one or more of a Group I body of compounds soluble in said solvent consisting of the halogenated sulfonphthaleins and the organic acids having a pK 1 of less than or about four; and (2) one or more of a Group II body of compounds consisting of the aminotriphenylmethanes and their soluble salts, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and the cyanines; with the proviso that if the Group II compounds consist solely of one or more aminotriphenylmethanes or their soluble salts, then the Group I compound must be selected from one or more of the group consisting of oxalic acid, suitable soluble sulfonic acids, the tetrahalogenated sulfonphthaleins, and the other soluble organic acids, having a pK 1 of less than or about 2, and wherein the weight ratio of the Group I body of compounds to the Group II body of compounds is more than or about 3 to 1; and (C) one or more of the aforesaid Group III body of compounds with one or more of the Group I or Group II bodies of compounds; (b) subjecting each of the chemical means to the temperature to be determined, which is in the predetermined temperature range to cause one or more of the chemical means to change color corresponding to a change in phase; and (c) determining the highest of the predetermined temperatures at which one of the chemical means has changed color.

Claim 91

A method of determining a temperature to be measured comprising the steps of: (a) providing a temperature-indicating device comprising a heat-conducting carrier having one or more spaced regions defined therein to determine a like number of predetermined temperatures in a predetermined temperature range, said spaced regions containing like number of different compositions of matter therein, each a solid solution, said carrier having a transparent cover sheet means in sealing engagement therewith, each of the compositions of matter changing color visible to the naked eye upon transition of the compositions of matter from a liquid state to a solid state, which transition occurs at a known temperature different from the compositions of matter in the remaining regions, each composition of matter exhibiting a sharp color change upon transition from a solid state to a liquid state capable of being supercooled for at least several minutes, and substantially free of impurities, consisting essentially of: (1) a solvent adapted to change from a solid to a liquid state at substantially the predetermined temperature; and (2) an effective amount of one or more suitable moieties dissolved in and inert toward said solvent to form a solid solution when the composition is in the solid state, and adapted to change the color of the composition visible to the naked eye upon the change in state at substantially the predetermined temperature when so dissolved, and selected from one of the groups consisting of: (A) one or more of a Group III body of compounds consisting of pinacyanol iodide, quinaldine red, 1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine iodide, pinacyanol chloride, thionin, methylene blue, cresol red, chlorophenol red, crystal violet, acridin orange, Orasol Orange RLN™, Orasol Navy Blue™, Irgalith Red PR™, Fat Red BS™, Xylene Cyanol FF™, Rhodamine B™, Rhodamine 6G™, Irgalith Magenta TCB™, Irgalith pink TYNC™, Toluidine Blue O, Savinyl Green B™, Savinyl Blue RS™, purpurin, 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide, cryptocyanine, Dicyanine A™, Merocyanine 540™, 4-(p-ethoxyphenylazo)-m-phenylene diamine monohydrochloride, Yellow Orange S™, Chrysoidin G™, fuchsin, aurintricarboxylic acid (ammonium salt), Victoria Blue R™, Pyronin G™, gallein, Erythrosin Yellow Blend™, chlorophenol blue, bromophenol blue, bromocresol purple, Coriphosphine O™, acriflavine, acridine orange, rhoduline violet, Alizarin Cyanin 2R™, Alizarin Red S™, alcannin, Aurantia, Direct Green G™, Fast Red Salt 3Gl™, Fast Blue Salt BB™, Fast Garnet Salt GBC™, Carta Yellow G 180 o/o™, Savinyl Blue GLS™, Irgalith Blue GLSM™, phthalocyanine, Di Amingreen B™, Alizarin Blue S, Celliton Blue Extra™, neocyanine, Janus Green, dimethyl yellow, Fast Yellow, methyl red sodium salt, Alizarin yellow R™, Eriochrome Black T™, Chromotrope 2R™, Ponceau 6R™, Brilliant Ponceau G/R2R™, chromolan yellow, Sudan Red B™, Bismarck brown G™, Fat Black™, Resorcin Brown™, Benzofast pink 2Bl™, Oil Red EGN™, Euroglaucine, Fuchsin NB™, parafuchsin, Patent Blue™, Irgalith Blue TNC™, Phloxin B™, fluroescein sodium salt, Rhodamine B base™, Eosin Scarlet, Eosin Yellowish™, Erythrosin extra bluish, 4,5-dibromofluorescein, ethyleosin, Phloxine™, Cyanovin B™, chlorocresol green, pinacyanol bromide, 2-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-1-ethyl pyridinium iodide, ethyl red, neutral red iodide, nigrosine, Savinyl Blue B™, Orasol Blue BLN™, Safranin O™, Azocarnun G™, Phenosafranine, Azocarmine BX™, Solophenyl Brilliant Blue BL™, Nile Blue A™, gallocyanine, galamine blue, celestine blue, methylene green, Azure A/B/C™, Blue VIF Organol™, Alizarin, Nitrofast Green GSB™, quinalizarine, Oil Blue N™, Solvay purple, Ciba Blue™, Indigo synthetic™, Chromophtal Bordeaux RS™, Acid Alizarin Red B™, 5-aminoflourescein, Rose Bengal™, Martius Yellow™, Chicago Blue 6B™, Alcian Blue 8GX™, cresyl violet, 4,4'Bis(dimethylamino)benzylhydrol, Zinc Pthalocyanine, Sudan III™, Pyronin Y™, Toluylene Blue™, cresyl violet perchlorate, Mendola's Blue™, 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide, Phosphine Dye, Nitron™, cresyl violet acetate, Ceres Orange R™, 4-phenylazo-1-naphtyl-amine, 4-(4-Dimethylamino-1-napthylazo-3-methoxybenzene sulfonic acid, Bindschedler's Green™, and p-(p-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid; (B) a binary mixture of: (1) one or more of a Group I body of compounds soluble in said solvent consisting of the halogenated sulfonphthaleins and the organic acids having a pK 1 of less than or about four; and (2) one or more of a Group II body of compounds consisting of the aminotriphenylmethanes and their soluble salts, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and the cyanines; with the proviso that if the Group II compounds consist solely of one or more aminotriphenylmethanes or their soluble salts, then the Group I compound must be selected from one or more of the group consisting of oxalic acid, suitable soluble sulfonic acids, the tetrahalogenated sulfonphthaleins, and the other soluble organic acids, having a pK 1 of less than or about 2, and wherein the weight ratio of the Group I body of compounds to the Group II body of compounds is more than or about 3 to 1; and (C) one or more of the aforesaid Group III body of compounds with one or more of the Group I or Group II bodies of compounds; (b) subjecting each of the chemical means to the temperature to be determined, which is in the predetermined temperature range to cause one or more of the chemical means to change color corresponding to a change in phase; and (c) determining the highest of the predetermined temperatures at which one of the chemical means has changed color.