Patent US3949145A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3949145A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Degradable starch-based agricultural mulch film
Assignee: United States Department of Agriculture
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Filing: 1975-02-27
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Granted: 1976-04-06
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Expires: 1995-02-27
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed herein are plastic film compositions for agricultural mulch which will withstand outdoor weathering conditions for a desired time and then rapidly disintegrate. The film composition comprises starch, poly(vinyl alcohol), glycerol, and a water-resistant coating.
Inventors
- 👤 Felix H. Otey
- 👤 Arthur M. Mark
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 14:59
CPC Classifications
A; A01; A01G; A01G13/00; A01G13/30; A01G13/32; A01G13/33; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S260/00; Y10S260/43; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31551; Y10T428/31573; Y10T428/3158; Y10T428/31583; Y10T428/31855; Y10T428/31971
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
95 words
A self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film comprising from 1 to 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of from 85 to 100%, 8 parts of starch, and from 1 to 5 parts of glycerol; said film being completely coated with from 5 to 20% of a water-resistant coating composition comprising a mixture of from 0.1 to 0.2 parts of a polyol-toluene-diisocyanate prepolymer containing free isocyanate groups and 1 part of polyvinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer or 1 part of polyvinyl chloride resin containing a plasticizing amount of a suitable plasticizer, all parts by weight.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
95 words
A self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film comprising from 1 to 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of from 85 to 100%, 8 parts of starch, and from 1 to 5 parts of glycerol; said film being completely coated with from 5 to 20% of a water-resistant coating composition comprising a mixture of from 0.1 to 0.2 parts of a polyol-toluene-diisocyanate prepolymer containing free isocyanate groups and 1 part of polyvinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer or 1 part of polyvinyl chloride resin containing a plasticizing amount of a suitable plasticizer, all parts by weight.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
A film as described in claim 1 wherein the polyvinyl alcohol has a degree of polymerization of from 1000 to 1700 structural units.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
A film as described in claim 1 wherein the polyvinyl alcohol has a degree of hydrolysis of from 98 to 100%.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
A film as described in claim 1 wherein polyvinyl alcohol is present in amounts equal to 2 to 3 parts per 8 parts of starch.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
A film as described in claim 1 wherein glycerol is present in amounts equal to 2 to 4 parts per 8 parts of starch.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
33 words
A film as described in claim 1 which additionally contains about 0.2 part formaldehyde, about 0.4 part NH 4 Cl, and about 0.1 part of a suitable surfactant per 8 parts of starch.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
25 words
A film as described in claim 1 wherein the polyol-toluene-diisocyanate prepolymer is castor oil-toluene-diisocyanate prepolymer containing from 0.1 to 2 equivalents of excess --NCO groups.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
A film as described in claim 1 wherein the polyvinyl chloride is plasticized with from 20 to 50% dioctyl phthalate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A film as described in claim 1 wherein the coating composition additionally contains from 0.01 to 0.03 parts dibutyltin dilaurate.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
23 words
A film as described in claim 1 wherein the film is completely coated with from 8 to 18% of said water-resistant coating composition.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
A film as described in claim 6 wherein the suitable surfactant is polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
130 words
A self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film comprising from 2 to 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of from 98 to 100% and a degree of polymerization of from 1000 to 1700 structural units, 8 parts of starch, from 2 to 4 parts of glycerol, about 0.2 part formaldehyde, about 0.4 part NH 4 Cl, and about 0.1 part of polyethylene sorbitan monooleate; said film being completely coated with from 8 to 18% by weight of a water-resistant composition comprising a mixture of from 0.1 to 0.2 part of castor oil-toluene-diisocyanate prepolymer containing from 0.1 to 2 equivalents of excess --NCO groups, 0.01 to 0.03 parts dibutyltin dilaurate, and 1 part polyvinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer or 1 part polyvinyl chloride containing 20 to 50% by weight dioctyl phthalate.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
130 words
A self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film comprising from 2 to 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of from 98 to 100% and a degree of polymerization of from 1000 to 1700 structural units, 8 parts of starch, from 2 to 4 parts of glycerol, about 0.2 part formaldehyde, about 0.4 part NH 4 Cl, and about 0.1 part of polyethylene sorbitan monooleate; said film being completely coated with from 8 to 18% by weight of a water-resistant composition comprising a mixture of from 0.1 to 0.2 part of castor oil-toluene-diisocyanate prepolymer containing from 0.1 to 2 equivalents of excess --NCO groups, 0.01 to 0.03 parts dibutyltin dilaurate, and 1 part polyvinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer or 1 part polyvinyl chloride containing 20 to 50% by weight dioctyl phthalate.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
201 words
A method of preparing a self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film comprising the steps of: a. reacting, in an aqueous suspension, from 1 to 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of from 85 to 100%, 8 parts of starch, and from 1 to 5 parts of glycerol; b. casting a film from the reaction mixture resulting from step (a); c. drying the film resulting from step (b); d. reacting a suitable polyol with toluene-diisocyanate in amounts such that the --NCO groups of said toluene-diisocyanate are from 0.1 to 2 equivalents in excess of the amount of --OH groups of said polyol; e. preparing a solution containing a suitable solvent, from 0.1 to 0.2 parts of the reaction mixture resulting from step (d), and 1 part polyvinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer or 1 part polyvinyl chloride containing a plasticizing amount of a suitable plasticizer; f. coating the dried film resulting from step (c) with the solution resulting from step (e) in amounts sufficient to provide, after removal of the solvent, a water-resistant coating which is 5 to 20% of the total weight of said self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film; and g. removing the solvent from the product resulting from step (f).
Claim 16
Independent Claim
201 words
A method of preparing a self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film comprising the steps of: a. reacting, in an aqueous suspension, from 1 to 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of from 85 to 100%, 8 parts of starch, and from 1 to 5 parts of glycerol; b. casting a film from the reaction mixture resulting from step (a); c. drying the film resulting from step (b); d. reacting a suitable polyol with toluene-diisocyanate in amounts such that the --NCO groups of said toluene-diisocyanate are from 0.1 to 2 equivalents in excess of the amount of --OH groups of said polyol; e. preparing a solution containing a suitable solvent, from 0.1 to 0.2 parts of the reaction mixture resulting from step (d), and 1 part polyvinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer or 1 part polyvinyl chloride containing a plasticizing amount of a suitable plasticizer; f. coating the dried film resulting from step (c) with the solution resulting from step (e) in amounts sufficient to provide, after removal of the solvent, a water-resistant coating which is 5 to 20% of the total weight of said self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film; and g. removing the solvent from the product resulting from step (f).
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as described in claim 13 wherein the polyvinyl alcohol described in step (a) has a degree of polymerization of from 1000 to 1700 structural units.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as described in claim 13 wherein the polyvinyl alcohol described in step (a) has a degree of hydrolysis of 98 to 100%.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method as described in claim 13 wherein the polyvinyl alcohol described in step (a) is present in amounts of from 2 to 3 parts per 8 parts of starch.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method as described in claim 13 wherein the glycerol described in step (a) is present in amounts of from 2 to 4 parts per 8 parts of starch.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method as described in claim 13 wherein the reaction mixture described in step (a) additionally contains about 0.2 part formaldehyde, about 0.4 part NH 4 Cl, and about 0.1 part of a suitable surfactant per 8 parts of starch.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method as described in claim 13 wherein the polyol described in step (d) is castor oil.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as described in claim 13 wherein the poly vinyl chloride described in step (e) is plasticized with from 20 to 50% by weight dioctyl phthalate.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method as described in claim 13 wherein the solution described in step (e) additionally contains from 0.01 to 0.03 parts dibutyltin dilaurate.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
44 words
A method as described in claim 13 wherein the amount of solution described in step (f) is sufficient to provide, after removal of the solvent, a water-resistant coating which is 8 to 18% of the total weight of said self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as described in claim 18 wherein the suitable surfactant is polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
257 words
A method of preparing a self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film comprising the steps of: a. reacting, in an aqueous suspension, from 2 to 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of from 98 to 100% and a degree of polymerization of from 1000 to 1700 structural units, 8 parts of starch, 2 to 4 parts of glycerol, about 0.2 part of formaldehyde, and about 0.1 part of polyethylene sorbitan monooleate at 90° to 100° C. for about 2 hr., then adding about 0.4 part of NH 4 Cl and reacting for an additional 10 min.; b. casting a film from the reaction mixture resulting from step (a); c. drying the film resulting from step (b); d. reacting castor oil with toluene-diisocyanate in amounts such that the --NCO groups of said toluene-diisocyanate are about 0.5 equivalents in excess of the amount of --OH groups of said castor oil; e. preparing a solution of methyl ethyl ketone and 0.1 to 0.2 parts of the reaction mixture resulting from step (d), from 0.1 to 0.3 parts dibutyltin dilaurate, and 1 part per polyvinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer or 1 part polyvinyl chloride containing from 20 to 50% by weight dioctyl phthalate; and f. coating the dried film resulting from step (c) with the solution resulting from step (e) in amounts sufficient to provide, after removal of the solvent, a water-resistant coating which is 5 to 20% of the total weight of said self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film; and g. removing the solvent from the product resulting from step (f).
Claim 28
Independent Claim
257 words
A method of preparing a self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film comprising the steps of: a. reacting, in an aqueous suspension, from 2 to 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of from 98 to 100% and a degree of polymerization of from 1000 to 1700 structural units, 8 parts of starch, 2 to 4 parts of glycerol, about 0.2 part of formaldehyde, and about 0.1 part of polyethylene sorbitan monooleate at 90° to 100° C. for about 2 hr., then adding about 0.4 part of NH 4 Cl and reacting for an additional 10 min.; b. casting a film from the reaction mixture resulting from step (a); c. drying the film resulting from step (b); d. reacting castor oil with toluene-diisocyanate in amounts such that the --NCO groups of said toluene-diisocyanate are about 0.5 equivalents in excess of the amount of --OH groups of said castor oil; e. preparing a solution of methyl ethyl ketone and 0.1 to 0.2 parts of the reaction mixture resulting from step (d), from 0.1 to 0.3 parts dibutyltin dilaurate, and 1 part per polyvinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer or 1 part polyvinyl chloride containing from 20 to 50% by weight dioctyl phthalate; and f. coating the dried film resulting from step (c) with the solution resulting from step (e) in amounts sufficient to provide, after removal of the solvent, a water-resistant coating which is 5 to 20% of the total weight of said self-supporting, degradable, agricultural mulch film; and g. removing the solvent from the product resulting from step (f).
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-04-06 | 1979-10-06 | 1980-04-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-04-06 | 1983-10-06 | 1984-04-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-04-06 | 1987-10-06 | 1988-04-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |