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US3786814A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method of preventing cryoadhesion of cryosurgical instruments and cryosurgical instruments
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1972-12-15
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Granted: 1974-01-22
•
Expires: 1992-12-15
Abstract
Abstract A method of preventing cryoadhesion of cryosurgical instruments comprises placing on the surface of the instrument which comes in contact with tissue a coating of a fluorocarbon anti-cryoadhesion material which is a good heat conducting material which is liquid at ambient temperatures and remains a liquid at cryogenic temperatures and which is non-toxic to tissue. A cryosurgical instrument which prevents cryoadhesion has a hollow inner portion of a good heat conducting material having a cryogenic fluid inlet passage opening into the hollow interior thereof and a cryogenic outlet passage opening out of the hollow interior thereof. A sheath is provided which is of a good heat conducting material, at least a portion of which is porous. The sheath is positioned around the inner portion and spaced therefrom to define an enclosed space between the sheath and the inner portion. The instrument has an anti-cryoadhesion inlet passage therethrough opening into the enclosed space for anti-cryoadhesion material to flow into the space and through the porous portion of the sheath so that it is always present on the surface of the instrument during its use.
Inventors
- 👤 T Armao
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 14:15
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B18/00; A61B18/02; A61B17/00; A61B17/32; A61B17/3209; A61B17/3211; A61B17/3213; A61B17/42; A61B18/0218; A61B2017/00831; A61B2017/00867; A61B2018/00053; A61B2018/00059; A61B2018/00089; A61B2018/00095; A61B2018/00964; A61B2018/0097; A61B2218/00; A61B2218/001; A61B2218/002
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 42
Claim 1
Independent Claim
70 words
A method of preventing cryoadhesion of cryosurgical instruments comprising placing on the surface of the instrument which comes in contact with tissue a coating of anti-cryoadhesion material wHich is a good heat conducting material which is liquid at cryogenic temperature and which is non-toxic to tissue and which is taken from the group consisting of polyfluorinated polyethers, polyflurinated ethers, polyfluorinated tertiary alkyl amines and cyclic perfluorinated ether and mixtures thereof.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
70 words
A method of preventing cryoadhesion of cryosurgical instruments comprising placing on the surface of the instrument which comes in contact with tissue a coating of anti-cryoadhesion material wHich is a good heat conducting material which is liquid at cryogenic temperature and which is non-toxic to tissue and which is taken from the group consisting of polyfluorinated polyethers, polyflurinated ethers, polyfluorinated tertiary alkyl amines and cyclic perfluorinated ether and mixtures thereof.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the step of placing the anti-cryoadhesion material on the instrument comprises dipping the instrument in the material.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the instrument is first dried by dipping in a 100 percent anhydrous alcohol solution and then a stream of dry nitrogen gas is directed thereover.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the polyfluorinated polyether has the general formula:
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the polyfluorinated polyether has the general formula:
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the polyfluorinated polyether has the general formula:
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the polyfluorinated ether has the general formula:
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the polyfluorinated ether has the general formula:
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the anti-cryoadhesion material is a polyfluorinated tertiary alkyl amine having the general formula (C4F9)3N.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the anti-cryoadhesion material is a cyclic perfluorinated ether having the general formula C-C8F16O.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
111 words
A cryosurgical instrument comprising a hollow inner portion of a good heat conducting material having a cryogenic fluid inlet passage opening into the hollow interior thereof and a cryogenic outlet passage opening out of the hollow interior thereof, and a sheath comprised of a good heat conducting material at least a portion of which is porous, said sheath being around said inner portion and spaced therefrom to define an enclosed space between said sheath and said inner portion, said instrument having an anti-cryoadhesion inlet passage therethrough opening into said enclosed space, whereby liquid anti-cryoadhesion material can flow from said anti-cryogenic inlet passage through said space and out through said porous sheath.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
111 words
A cryosurgical instrument comprising a hollow inner portion of a good heat conducting material having a cryogenic fluid inlet passage opening into the hollow interior thereof and a cryogenic outlet passage opening out of the hollow interior thereof, and a sheath comprised of a good heat conducting material at least a portion of which is porous, said sheath being around said inner portion and spaced therefrom to define an enclosed space between said sheath and said inner portion, said instrument having an anti-cryoadhesion inlet passage therethrough opening into said enclosed space, whereby liquid anti-cryoadhesion material can flow from said anti-cryogenic inlet passage through said space and out through said porous sheath.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
26 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 in which said enclosed space is filled with a porous metal material, the pores of which are interconnected.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 in which the material of the sheath is a porous stainless steel.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 in which the material of said sheath is woven stainless steel wire.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
34 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 further including a supply means connected to said surgical instrument for supplying anti-cryoadhesion material, said supply means having a cooling means for pre-cooling the anti-cryoadhesion material.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
18 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 in which the sheath is detachably mounted on the instrument.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
29 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 in which the sheath is in the form of a blade and has a blade portion along the lower edge thereof.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
18 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 17 in which said blade portion is of a porous metal.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
23 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 18 in which the edge of said blade is plated with a solid stainless metal material.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
59 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 17 in which said blade portion is comprised of two blade halves having the edges at the cutting edge against each other and the halves diverging to define a V-shaped groove between them through which anti-cryoadhesion material can flow and escape between the edges at the cutting edge of the blade portion.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
52 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 17 in which said blade portion is compriSed of alternate sheets of porous stainless metal material and non-porous stainless metal material extending generally parallel to the plane of the blade, anti-cryoadhesion material flowing through the porous laminations toward the cutting edge of the blade portion.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
31 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 21 in which there is a joint between a porous sheet and a non-porous sheet lying along the cutting edge of the blade portion.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
40 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 17 in which said blade portion is comprised of a blade core having a sharpened edge, and a blade covering portion of porous stainless metal material on opposite sides of said blade core.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
49 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 17 in which said blade portion is comprised of a plurality of sheets of non-porous stainless metal material each having a side with a series of depressions therein against a smooth side of an adjacent sheet for leaving fine passages between sheets.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
30 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 16 in which said sheath has a non-porous blade portion extending along one edge, the remainder of the sheath being of porous material.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
46 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 in which said instrument includes a neck portion on which said inner portion and said sheath are mounted and through which said passages extend, said neck portion having means thereon for detachably mounting the instrument on a handle.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
29 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 26 in which said sheath is in the form of a blade and has a blade portion along the lower edge thereof.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
63 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 in which said instrument includes an elongated body portion on which said inner portion and said sheath are mounted and through which said passages extend, said body portion being in the shape of the body of a probe, and said inner portion and said sheath being in the shape of the tip of a probe.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
35 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 28 in which said sheath has on at least a portion of the outside thereof a covering of a steel wool-like material of fine filaments of stainless steel.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
26 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 29 in which the whole of the sheath is porous, and said covering covers the whole of the sheath.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
38 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 28 in which said sheath has a non-porous portion on the free end portion thereof, and said covering is in the shape of a ring around the remainder of said sheath.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
142 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 in which the sheath is in the form of a blade and has a blade portion receiving space along the bottom edge thereof and a plurality of holes along the sheath on the opposite sides of the blade portion receiving space, and a blade portion of porous metal positioned in said space and having a cutting edge along the lower portion and an upper portion between the edges of the sheath and a plurality of laterally extending porous projections extending through the holes in the sheath, and a porous fastening strip having a plurality of holes therealong placed over the projections on each side of the sheath, the ends of the lateral projections being in the shape of rivet heads and holding the fastening strips, the sheath and the blade portion in tight engagement.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
48 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 in which said sheath has a plurality of grooves in the inside surface thereof extending from the point at which the said inlet passage opens into said sheath and outwardly from said point over the inside surface of the sheath.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
44 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 in which said sheath is comprised of an apertured good heat conducting portion and a good heat conducting porous metal material on the outer surface of said apertured portion covering the surface thereof and the apparatus.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
69 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 11 in which said enclosed space has therein a laminated Structure comprised of two layers of a stainless steel filter material and an intermediate layer of molecular sieve material, the inner surface of said laminated structure being spaced from the outer surface of said inner portion and the outer surface of said laminated structure being against the inner surface of said sheath.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
74 words
A cryosurgical instrument comprising a hollow surgical element of a good heat conducting material having a cryogenic fluid inlet passage opening into the hollow interior thereof and a cryogenic outlet passage opening out of the hollow interior thereof, and spray means on said instrument directed along said surgical element, said instrument having an anti-cryoadhesion material inlet passage therein extending to said spray means, whereby liquid anti-cryoadhesion material can be sprayed along said surgical element.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
74 words
A cryosurgical instrument comprising a hollow surgical element of a good heat conducting material having a cryogenic fluid inlet passage opening into the hollow interior thereof and a cryogenic outlet passage opening out of the hollow interior thereof, and spray means on said instrument directed along said surgical element, said instrument having an anti-cryoadhesion material inlet passage therein extending to said spray means, whereby liquid anti-cryoadhesion material can be sprayed along said surgical element.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
54 words
A cryosurgical instrument as claimed in claim 36 in which said surgical element is a blade, and said spray means comprise a spray head on each side of said instrument at the base of said blade and directed along the side surface of the blade, and spray openings at the tip of said blade.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
77 words
A method of preventing cryoadhesion of cryosurgical instruments comprising placing on the surface of the instrument which comes in contact with tissue a coating of anti-cryoadhesion material, said material being one of the viscous fluorocarbons which is a good heat conducting material which is liquid at cryogenic temperature and which is non-toxic, and then lowering the temperature of the tissue contacting component of the instrument to the cryogenic temperature prior to the application thereof to the tissue.
Claim 42
Independent Claim
77 words
A method of preventing cryoadhesion of cryosurgical instruments comprising placing on the surface of the instrument which comes in contact with tissue a coating of anti-cryoadhesion material, said material being one of the viscous fluorocarbons which is a good heat conducting material which is liquid at cryogenic temperature and which is non-toxic, and then lowering the temperature of the tissue contacting component of the instrument to the cryogenic temperature prior to the application thereof to the tissue.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-01-21 | 1977-07-23 | 1978-01-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-01-21 | 1981-07-23 | 1982-01-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-01-21 | 1985-07-23 | 1986-01-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |