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US3769966A
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US
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Apparatus for determining local cerebral blood flow
Assignee: York University
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Filing: 1971-03-22
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Granted: 1973-11-06
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Expires: 1991-03-22
Abstract
Abstract An apparatus for determining local cerebral blood flow in a discrete radiation emission detection zone of a patient''s brain. The brain is subdivided into a plurality of detection zones, such as 144, by means of a headgear apparatus which defines these detection zones by means of a multiplanar array of an equal number of detectors, each detector having an associated collimator to limit the field of view of the detector. A radioactive gas such as Xe133, is inhaled by the patient, such as in a closed inhalation-exhalation breathing system, over a predetermined data collection period during which the concentration of the gas in the blood is periodically increased. Determinations of arterial blood radiation concentration and tissue radiation concentration are made during this period, and the local cerebral blood flow is subsequently determined from these determinations. The arterial blood radiation concentration is preferably determined by determining the radiation concentration of the gas in the last part of an exhalation, while the tissue radiation concentration is preferably determined from the radiation emissions quantified by the detector array.
Inventors
- 👤 M Youdin
- 👤 J Barker
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 05:52
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/68; A61B5/6801; A61B5/6802; A61B5/6803; A61B5/02; A61B5/026; A61B5/0275; A61B5/02755; A61B5/08; A61B5/0813; A61B6/00; A61B6/42; A61B6/4208; A61B6/4258; A61B6/50; A61B6/501; A61B6/507; G; G01; G01T; G01T1/00; G01T1/16; G01T1/161; G01T1/164; G01T1/1641; G01T1/1644; G01T1/29; G01T1/2914; G01T1/2921; G01T1/2928; G01T1/2985
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 38
Claim 1
Independent Claim
234 words
An apparatus for use in quantitative localized cerebral blood flow analysis of a patient''s brain having irradiated cerebral blood flowing therethrough comprising headgear means, said headgear means including a housing, said headgear housing including means for mounting said headgear on said patient''s head in a predetermined position with respect to the brain, said headgear means further including a plurality of radiation emission detection means mounted in said housing in a multiplanar array comprising a plurality of substantially mutually perpendicular planes with respect to said brain, said mounted array being cooperatively associated with said headgear mounting means for defining a plurality of quantitative radiation emission detection zones for said brain for quantitatively localizing said irradiated cerebral blood flow when said headgear means is mounted in said predetermined position, each of said zones having an associated radiation concentration and resultant radiation emission dependent on said irradiated cerebral blood flow, each of said detection means having an associated effective field of view which includes an associated intercepted volume of said brain comprising at least a portion of one or more other zones of said plurality of quantitative radiation emission detection zones, said detection means being mounted in said mutually perpendicular planes with said associated intercepted volumes being spatially related to each other, whereby the radiation concentration in each detection zone due to said irradiated cerebral blood blow is resolvable in three dimensions from said detected radiation emissions.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
234 words
An apparatus for use in quantitative localized cerebral blood flow analysis of a patient''s brain having irradiated cerebral blood flowing therethrough comprising headgear means, said headgear means including a housing, said headgear housing including means for mounting said headgear on said patient''s head in a predetermined position with respect to the brain, said headgear means further including a plurality of radiation emission detection means mounted in said housing in a multiplanar array comprising a plurality of substantially mutually perpendicular planes with respect to said brain, said mounted array being cooperatively associated with said headgear mounting means for defining a plurality of quantitative radiation emission detection zones for said brain for quantitatively localizing said irradiated cerebral blood flow when said headgear means is mounted in said predetermined position, each of said zones having an associated radiation concentration and resultant radiation emission dependent on said irradiated cerebral blood flow, each of said detection means having an associated effective field of view which includes an associated intercepted volume of said brain comprising at least a portion of one or more other zones of said plurality of quantitative radiation emission detection zones, said detection means being mounted in said mutually perpendicular planes with said associated intercepted volumes being spatially related to each other, whereby the radiation concentration in each detection zone due to said irradiated cerebral blood blow is resolvable in three dimensions from said detected radiation emissions.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said plurality of radiation emission detection means is equal to said plurality of quantitative radiation emission detection zones.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 2 wherein said plurality of radiation emission detection means comprises at least 144 of said detection means.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
105 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said multiplanar array of radiation emission detection means comprises a substantialy rectangular array comprising five planes, a portion of said plurality of detection means being arranged in each of said planes, said five planes including two pair of substantially parallel spaced apart planes, each of said parallel pairs of planes being substantially perpendicular to the other, and another plane which is substantially mutually perpendicular to each of said parallel pairs of planes, each of said spaced apart parallel pair of planes being on opposite sides of said patient''s head when said headgear is in said predetermined position.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 4 wherein each of said portions of radiation emission detection means are arranged in plurality of rows and columns in an associated plane.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein each row in each of said parallel pairs of planes contains an equal quantity of radiation emission detection means.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
38 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein said quantity of radiation emission detection means in each of said rows of each of said parallel pairs of planes and said other plane comprises at least six detection means.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
44 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 7 wherein said quantity of detection means in each column of said parallel pairs of planes and said other plane comprises four detection means, and said plurality of detection means comprises at least 144 of said detection means.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
62 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 8 wheRein said multiplanar array further comprises six radiation emission detection means arranged in a row in each of a different pair of mutually perpendicular planes, each plane of said different pair intersecting one parallel plane of one of said parallel plane pairs at an angle of 45* to a normal to said said intersected plane.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
34 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein said quantity of radiation emission detection means in each of said columns of each of said parallel pairs of planes comprises at least four detection means.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
108 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 4 wherein said multiplanar array further comprises a portion of said radiation emission detection means arranged in a different pair of substantially mutually perpendicular planes with respect to said brain, one of said planes of said different pair of planes intersecting one parallel plane of one of said parallel pairs of planes at a predetermined angle with respect to a normal to said intersected plane, the other of said planes of said different pair of planes intersecting said other parallel plane of said one pair at a predetermined angle with respect to a normal to said plane, said predetermined angles being equal.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said plurality of radiation emission detection means comprises at least 144 of said detection means.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
32 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein at least one of said radiation emission detection means includes collimator means for defining said associated effective field of view for said detection means.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
38 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 13 wherein said radiation emission detection means including said collimator means further includes a means responsive to radiation emission cooperatively associated with said collimator means for quantifying said localized cerebral blood flow.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
75 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 14 wherein said collimator means has a radiation emission inlet end and a radiation emission outlet end, said inlet end being adjacent to said patient''s head and said outlet end being adjacent to a portion of said responsive means when said hadgear is in said predetermined position, one of said collimator ends comprising a lumen of predetermined configuration, said effective field of view being dependent on said lumen configuration.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 15 wherein one of said collimator ends comprises a lumen of substantially square configuration.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
41 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 14 wherein said responsive means includes means for providing a quantitative photoelectric response in response to a resultant radiation emission from said portion of quantitative radiation emission detection zones within said effective field of view.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
64 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 14 wherein said responsive means includes crystal means having a lumen area for providing a quantitative photon emission in response to a resultant radiation emission from said portions of quantitative radiation emission detection zones within said effective field of view, said collimator means substantially limiting said response to said radiation emission from within said effective field of view.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 18 wherein said crystal includes thallium-activated sodium iodide.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
14 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 18 wherein said crystal comprises a semiconductor means.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 20 wherein said semiconductor means is a silicon semiconductor means.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 20 wherein said semiconductor means is a germanium semiconductor means.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
58 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 14 wherein said collimator means has dimensions for providing optimal localization of said cerebral blood flow, said optimal localization being dependent upon a predetermined quantity of radiation emission to be detected and a predetermined degree of spatial resolution with respect to saId patient''s brain when said headgear is in said predetermined position.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
41 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 14 wherein said responsive means includes means for providing a quantitative electrical response in response to a resultant radiation emission from said portions of quantitative radiation emission detection zones within said effective field of view.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
23 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 24 wherein said responsive means includes means for providing secondary electrons in response to said radiation emission.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
27 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said radiation emission detection means includes a means responsive to radiation emission for quantifying said localized cerebral blood flow.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
43 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 26 wherein said responsive means includes means for providing a quantative electrical response in response to a resultant radiation emission from at least a portion of a portion of said plurality of quantitative radiation emission detection zones.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
27 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 27 wherein said responsive means further includes means for processing said electrical response to provide said quantified localized cerebral blood flow.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
29 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 28 wherein said processing means includes discriminator means having a preselected electrical value corresponding to a predetermined electrical equivalent value of radiation emission.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
31 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 29 wherein said discriminator means includes means for providing a new preselected value in accordance with a new corresponding electrical equivalent value of radiation emission.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 27 wherein said responsive means includes photomultiplier means for providing said electrical response in response to said radiation emission.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
21 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said mounting means includes means for aligning the headgear in said predetermined position.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
30 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 32 wherein said alignment means includes means for contacting the patient''s head in an alignment position when said headgear is in said predetermined position.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
52 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 32 wherein said alignment means includes a plurality of means for providing an alignment position of said headgear, said alignment position corresponding to said predetermined position, at least one of said plurality of position providing means being associated with a different plane of said multiplanar array.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
15 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said headgear housing comprises a helmet housing.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
23 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said mounted multiplanar array comprises a plurality of removably mountable radiation emission detection modular means.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
33 words
An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein each of said radiation emission detection means includes an associated collimator means for defining said associated effective field of view for said associated detection means.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-11-05 | 1977-05-07 | 1977-11-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-11-05 | 1981-05-07 | 1981-11-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-11-05 | 1985-05-07 | 1985-11-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |