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US3657003A
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Method of rendering a non-wettable surface wettable
Assignee: AT&T Inc
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Filing: 1970-02-02
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Granted: 1972-04-18
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Expires: 1990-02-02
Abstract
Abstract Aqueous wetting solutions comprise stable colloids, the solid phase of which is a hydrous oxide of one or more selected elements. The solid, particulate phase of the colloid is produced by a controlled hydrolysis and nucleation reaction which continues until solid phase particles having appropriate size and surface chemistry result. Application of the wetting solutions to any known non-wettable surface renders such surface wettable, via deposition of the particles of the solid phase onto the surfaces by short order forces. The rendering of the surfaces wettable is accomplished without effecting a physical or chemical change of the surface.
Inventors
- 👤 John Thomas Kenney
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-22 22:51
CPC Classifications
D; D06; D06M; D06M11/00; D06M11/32; D06M11/36; D06M11/47; C; C23; C23C; C23C18/00; C23C18/16; C23C18/1601; C23C18/1603; C23C18/1607; C23C18/1608; C23C18/18; C23C18/20; C23C18/2006; C23C18/2046; C23C18/2053; C23C18/206; C23C18/28; C23C18/285; C23C18/30; D06M11/44; D06M11/45; D06M11/46; D06M11/48; D06M11/485; D06M11/49; D06M11/77; D06M11/79; D06Q; D06Q1/00; D06Q1/04; H; H05; H05K; H05K3/00; H05K3/38; H05K3/381; H05K3/10; H05K3/18; H05K3/181; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S264/00; Y10S264/19; Y10S516/00; Y10S516/924; Y10S516/928
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
43 words
maintaining the pH of said salt solution at a value which prevents a spontaneous precipitate; and then c. immersing said non-wettable surface in said colloidal solution until said surface has deposited thereon a sufficient number of said particles to render said surface wettable.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method set forth in claim 1 wherein said one or more element is selected, in sub-step (a) (1), from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Th, U and mixtures thereof.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
39 words
adjusting the pH of an aqueous medium to a value which prevents formation of a spontaneous precipitate upon dissolution in said medium of said salt of said selected element, said medium being normally incapable of wetting said surface; and
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
63 words
dissolving said salt of said selected element in said medium to produce a salt solution; b. producing a colloidal solution by forming a colloidal, solid phase in said salt solution, said colloidal, solid phase comprising insoluble, hydrous oxide particles of said one or more selected elements, said particles having dimensions ranging from 10 A. to 10,000 A., including at least the sub-steps of:
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 2 wherein sub-step (b) (1) is effected by maintaining the pH and temperature of said salt solution at levels which effect said hydrolysis and nucleation reaction.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method of claim 3 wherein sub-step (a) (3) includes dissolving said one or more selected element, in its elemental, zero valence form, in said medium which contains a solvent therefor, said salt being formed in situ in said medium and also being dissolved therein.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 3 wherein sub-step (a) (3) includes agitating and heating said medium.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
112 words
A method of rendering a non-wettable surface wettable comprising the steps of: a. forming in an aqueous medium by a hydrolysis nucleation reaction a stable colloid which includes an insoluble hydrous oxide of one or more of the elements, the surface energy of said aqueous solution with respect to said surface not changing substantially after said formation of said colloid; b. contacting a portion of said surface with said colloid solution; and c. depositing colloidal particles from said colloid solution onto said portion of said surface, said particles adhering thereto in a thin discontinuous coating by short order forces, said deposition continuing until said contacted portion of said surface is rendered wettable.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method set forth in claim 6 wherein step (a) further includes the generation of colloidal particles in said colloid having dimensions ranging between 10 A. to 10,000 A.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method set forth in claim 7 wherein step (a) further includes the maintaining of the pH of said aqueous solution in the acid range.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method set forth in claim 7 wherein step (a) further includes the maintenance of the pH of said aqueous solution in the alkaline range.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method set forth in claim 7 Wherein said colloid is formed in an aqueous solution consisting of deionized water.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method set forth in claim 7 which comprises the additional steps of: d. rinsing said surface in deionized water, and e. drying said surface.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
133 words
A method of rendering a non-wettable surface wettable by raising the surface energy thereof, comprising the steps of: a. forming, by a hydrolysis and nucleation reaction, a stable colloidal solution in an aqueous medium the colloidal particles of said colloidal solution i. having a size within the range 10 A.-10,000 A., and ii. being an insoluble hydrous oxide of one or more selected elements, said hydrolysis reaction including at least the acts of iii. dissolving the salt of the selected element in said aqueous medium, and iv. maintaining the pH of said aqueous medium at a point where no flocculate results; b. contacting the surface with said colloidal solution until sufficient of said particles are deposited thereupon by short order forces to raise the surface energy thereof, whereby the surface is rendered wettable.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said one or more element is selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, A1, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Th, U and mixtures thereof.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said particles are an insoluble hydrous oxide of each of at least two elements.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 14 wherein said selected elements number three and are chromium, zinc and tin.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 14 wherein one of said selected elements is tin.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 16 wherein at least two elements are selected one of the selected elements being tin and another element is selected from the group consisting of Ti, Fe, Al, Si, Zn and Pd.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
100 words
A method of raising the surface energy of an initially low surface energy and non-wettable surface so that the surface is rendered wettable, comprising the steps of: a. forming, by a hydrolysis and nucleation reaction, a stable, aqueous colloid solution, which includes a hydrous oxide of a selected oxidation state of at least one selected element; b. immersing the surface in said colloid solution; and c. depositing colloidal particles from said colloid solution onto said surface, said particles adhering thereto in a thin coating by short order forces to raise the surface energy thereof, whereby said surface is rendered wettable.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
134 words
A method of rendering a non-wettable surface wettable comprising the steps of: a. selecting an element capable of forming an insoluble, hydrous oxide, the element being in the zero valence state; b. removing one or more electrons from said zero valance state for oxidizing said element to produce a salt thereof; c. adjusting the pH of an aqueous solution to a value at which the dissolution of said salt therein will produce no precipitate; d. dissolving said salt in said aqueous solution to produce a dissolved salt solution; e. forming a colloidal solution by heating and/or adjusting the pH of said dissolved salt solution until a colloid of a hydrous oxide of said selected element is produced; and then f. immersing the non-wettable surface in said colloid solution until said surface is rendered wettable.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
163 words
A method of rendering a non-wettable surface wettable, comprising the steps of: a. selecting at least one element capable of forming an insoluble, hydrous oxide, the element being in the zero valence state; b. removing one or more electrons from said zero valence state to oxidize said element and produce a salt thereof; c. adjusting the pH of an aqueous solution to a value at which the dissolution of said salt therein will produce no precipitate, said solution being incapable of forming a water impervious film of said surface; d. dissolvinG said salt in said aqueous solution to produce a dissolved salt solution; e. adjusting the temperature and pH of said dissolved salt solution until hydrous oxide particles of colloidal dimension are formed to produce a colloidal solution, the pH of said colloidal solution being maintained other than at the isoelectric point of said hydrous oxide; and then f. immersing the non-wettable surface in said colloidal solution until said surface is rendered wettable.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 20 wherein step (a) includes selecting at least two elements and wherein step (e) includes maintaining the pH of said colloidal solution at a point other than the isoelectric point for at least one of said hydrous oxides.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1975-04-18 | 1975-10-18 | 1976-04-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1979-04-18 | 1979-10-18 | 1980-04-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1983-04-18 | 1983-10-18 | 1984-04-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |