US6149595A
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Noninvasive apparatus and method for the determination of cardiac valve function
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1998-07-02
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Granted: 2000-11-21
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Expires: 2018-07-02
Abstract
Abstract A method and device for determining a plurality of cardiovascular parameters are described, wherein the parameters are determined from noninvasively obtained data, thereby obviating the need for invasive procedures such as cardiac catheterization. These determinations are enabled by incorporating fluid dynamics and thermodynamics equations with nonivasively obtained mechanical cardiac event data to estimate a desired cardiovascular parameter. Exemplary parameters obtainable with the method and device include aortic and mitral valve areas, cardiac left ventricular stroke volume, and aortic and mitral valve pressure gradients.
Inventors
- 👤 Walter S. Seitz
- 👤 Steven P. Olsen
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 10:39
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B8/00; A61B8/06; A61B8/065; A61B5/00; A61B5/02; A61B5/0205
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 52
Claim 1
Independent Claim
66 words
A noninvasive method for measuring an area of a cardiac valve of a patient comprising the steps of: noninvasively measuring a plurality of mechanical cardiac parameters of the patient, including a heart rate, a stroke volume, and a time period between an empty state and a filled state of a cardiac chamber; and calculating a cardiac valve area with the use of the measured cardiac parameters.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
66 words
A noninvasive method for measuring an area of a cardiac valve of a patient comprising the steps of: noninvasively measuring a plurality of mechanical cardiac parameters of the patient, including a heart rate, a stroke volume, and a time period between an empty state and a filled state of a cardiac chamber; and calculating a cardiac valve area with the use of the measured cardiac parameters.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method recited in claim 1, wherein the stroke volume measuring step comprises: collecting an echocardiogram; measuring from the echocardiogram an end diastolic dimension and an end systolic dimension; and calculating the stroke volume from the end diastolic dimension and the end systolic dimension.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method recited in claim 2, wherein the stroke volume calculating step comprises utilizing a formula: SV=0.01(D.sub.ed.sup.12/5 -D.sub.es.sup.12/5) where SV is the stroke volume, D ed is the end-diastolic dimension, and D es is the end-systolic dimension.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method recited in claim 1, wherein: the measuring step further comprises measuring a diastolic filling period of the patient; and the calculating step comprises calculating a mitral valve area.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method recited in claim 4, wherein the diastolic filling period measuring step comprises taking a phonocardiogram and calculating the diastolic filling period therefrom.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method recited in claim 5, wherein the diastolic filling period calculating step comprises measuring an OS-I interval from the phonocardiogram.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method recited in claim 6, wherein the heart rate measuring step comprises calculating a reciprocal of an I--I interval from the phonocardiogram.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method recited in claim 4, wherein the mitral valve area calculating step comprises utilizing a formula: A=21 SV/(Rt).sup.2 where A is the mitral valve area, SV is the stroke volume, R is the heart rate, and t is the diastolic filling period.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method recited in claim 1, wherein: the measuring step further comprises measuring a systolic ejection period of the patient; and the calculating step comprises calculating an aortic valve area.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method recited in claim 9, wherein the systolic ejection period measuring step comprises taking a phonocardiogram and calculating the systolic ejection period therefrom.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method recited in claim 10, wherein the systolic ejection period calculating step comprises measuring an ES-II interval in the phonocardiogram.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method recited in claim 11, wherein the heart rate measuring step comprises calculating a reciprocal of an I--I interval from the phonocardiogram.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method recited in claim 11, wherein the heart rate measuring step comprises taking an electrocardiogram and measuring an R--R interval therein to obtain the heart rate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method recited in claim 9, wherein the aortic valve area calculating step comprises utilizing a formula: A=7 SV/(Rt.sub.s).sup.2 where A is the aortic valve area, SV is the stroke volume, R is the heart rate, and t s is the systolic ejection time.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
67 words
A device for noninvasively measuring an area of a cardiac valve of a patient comprising: means for noninvasively measuring a plurality of mechanical cardiac parameters of the patient, including a heart rate, a stroke volume, and a time period between an empty state and a filled state of a cardiac chamber; and means for calculating a cardiac valve area with the use of the measured cardiac parameters.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
67 words
A device for noninvasively measuring an area of a cardiac valve of a patient comprising: means for noninvasively measuring a plurality of mechanical cardiac parameters of the patient, including a heart rate, a stroke volume, and a time period between an empty state and a filled state of a cardiac chamber; and means for calculating a cardiac valve area with the use of the measured cardiac parameters.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
51 words
The device recited in claim 15, wherein the stroke volume measuring means comprises: an echocardiograph; means for measuring from an echocardiogram taken with the electrocardiograph an end diastolic dimension and an end systolic dimension; and means for calculating the stroke volume from the end diastolic dimension and the end systolic dimension.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
46 words
The device recited in claim 16, wherein the stroke volume calculating means comprises a processor and software resident therein having means for utilizing a formula: SV=0.01(D.sub.ed.sup.12/5 -D.sub.es.sup.12/5) where SV is the stroke volume, D ed is the end-diastolic dimension, and D es is the end-systolic dimension.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
35 words
The device recited in claim 15, wherein: the means for measuring further comprises means for measuring a diastolic filling period of the patient; and the calculating means comprises means for calculating a mitral valve area.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
31 words
The device recited in claim 18, wherein the diastolic filling period measuring means comprises a phonocardiograph and means for calculating the diastolic filling period from a phonocardiogram taken by the phonocardiograph.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
The device recited in claim 19, wherein the diastolic filling period calculating means comprises means for measuring an OS-I interval from the phonocardiogram.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
25 words
The device recited in claim 20, wherein the heart rate measuring means comprises means for calculating a reciprocal of an I--I interval from the phonocardiogram.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
52 words
The device recited in claim 18, wherein the mitral valve area calculating means comprises a processor and software resident therein having means for utilizing a formula: A=21 SV/(Rt).sup.2 where A is the mitral valve area, SV is the stroke volume, R is the heart rate, and t is the diastolic filling period.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
34 words
The device recited in claim 15, wherein: the measuring means further comprises means for measuring a systolic ejection period of the patient; and the calculating means comprises means for calculating an aortic valve area.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
29 words
The device recited in claim 23, wherein the systolic ejection period measuring means comprises a phonocardiograph for taking a phonocariogram and means for calculating the systolic ejection period therefrom.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
23 words
The device recited in claim 24, wherein the systolic ejection period calculating means comprises means for measuring an ES-II interval in the phonocardiogram.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
25 words
The device recited in claim 25, wherein the heart rate measuring means comprises means for calculating a reciprocal of an I--I interval from the phonocardiogram.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
33 words
The device recited in claim 25, wherein the heart rate measuring means comprises taking an electrocardiograph for taking an electrocardiogram and means for measuring an R--R interval therein to obtain the heart rate.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
53 words
The device recited in claim 23, wherein the aortic valve area calculating means comprises a processor and software resident therein having means for utilizing a formula: A=7 SV/(Rt.sub.s).sup.2 where A is the aortic valve area, SV is the stroke volume, R is the heart rate, and t s is the systolic ejection time.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
54 words
A noninvasive method for measuring a cardiac left ventricular stroke volume of a patient comprising the steps of: collecting a cardiac echocardiogram from a patient; noninvasively measuring an end-diastolic dimension and an end-systolic dimension of a left ventricle from the echocardiogram; and calculating the stroke volume from the end-diastolic dimension and the end-systolic dimension.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
54 words
A noninvasive method for measuring a cardiac left ventricular stroke volume of a patient comprising the steps of: collecting a cardiac echocardiogram from a patient; noninvasively measuring an end-diastolic dimension and an end-systolic dimension of a left ventricle from the echocardiogram; and calculating the stroke volume from the end-diastolic dimension and the end-systolic dimension.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method recited in claim 29, wherein the stroke volume calculating step comprises utilizing a formula: SV=0.01(D.sub.ed.sup.12/5 -D.sub.es.sup.12/5) where SV is the stroke volume, D ed is the end-diastolic dimension, and D es is the end-systolic dimension.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
60 words
A device for noninvasively measuring a cardiac left ventricular stroke volume of a patient comprising the steps of: means for collecting a cardiac echocardiogram from a patient; means for noninvasively measuring an end-diastolic dimension and an end-systolic dimension of a left ventricle from the echocardiogram; and means for calculating the stroke volume from the end-diastolic dimension and the end-systolic dimension.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
60 words
A device for noninvasively measuring a cardiac left ventricular stroke volume of a patient comprising the steps of: means for collecting a cardiac echocardiogram from a patient; means for noninvasively measuring an end-diastolic dimension and an end-systolic dimension of a left ventricle from the echocardiogram; and means for calculating the stroke volume from the end-diastolic dimension and the end-systolic dimension.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
46 words
The device recited in claim 31, wherein the stroke volume calculating means comprises a processor and software resident therein having means for utilizing a formula: SV=0.01(D.sub.ed.sup.12/5 -D.sub.es.sup.12/5) where SV is the stroke volume, D ed is the end-diastolic dimension, and D es is the end-systolic dimension.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
52 words
A noninvasive method for calculating a mitral valve pressure gradient of a patient, comprising the steps of: noninvasively measuring a heart rate of the patient; noninvasively measuring a left ventricular diastolic filling period of the patient; and calculating the mitral valve pressure gradient from the heart rate and the diastolic filling period.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
52 words
A noninvasive method for calculating a mitral valve pressure gradient of a patient, comprising the steps of: noninvasively measuring a heart rate of the patient; noninvasively measuring a left ventricular diastolic filling period of the patient; and calculating the mitral valve pressure gradient from the heart rate and the diastolic filling period.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method recited in claim 33, wherein the measuring steps comprise taking a phonocardiogram and obtaining the heart rate and diastolic filling period therefrom, the heart rate taken from an inverse of an I--I interval and the diastolic filling period taken from an OP-I interval.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method recited in claim 33, wherein the calculating step comprises utilizing a formula: dP=2.25×10.sup.-6 R.sup.4 t.sub.d.sup.2 where dP is the pressure gradient, R is the heart rate, and t d is the diastolic filling period.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
58 words
A device for noninvasively determining a mitral valve pressure gradient of a patient, comprising the steps of: means for noninvasively measuring a heart rate of the patient; means for noninvasively measuring a left ventricular diastolic filling period of the patient; and means for calculating the mitral valve pressure gradient from the heart rate and the diastolic filling period.
Claim 42
Independent Claim
58 words
A device for noninvasively determining a mitral valve pressure gradient of a patient, comprising the steps of: means for noninvasively measuring a heart rate of the patient; means for noninvasively measuring a left ventricular diastolic filling period of the patient; and means for calculating the mitral valve pressure gradient from the heart rate and the diastolic filling period.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
50 words
The device recited in claim 36, wherein the measuring means comprise a phonocardiograph for taking a phonocardiogram and means for obtaining the heart rate and diastolic filling period therefrom, the heart rate taken from an inverse of an I--I interval and the diastolic filling period taken from an OP-I interval.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
45 words
The device recited in claim 36, wherein the calculating means comprises a processor and software resident therein having means for utilizing a formula: dP=2.25×10.sup.-6 R.sup.4 t.sub.d.sup.2 where dP is the pressure gradient, R is the heart rate, and t d is the diastolic filling period.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
53 words
A noninvasive method of measuring an aortic valve pressure gradient of a patient comprising the steps of: noninvasively measuring a left ventricular wall thickness of the patient; noninvasively measuring a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension of the patient; and calculating the aortic valve pressure gradient from the measured wall thickness and the end-diastolic dimension.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
53 words
A noninvasive method of measuring an aortic valve pressure gradient of a patient comprising the steps of: noninvasively measuring a left ventricular wall thickness of the patient; noninvasively measuring a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension of the patient; and calculating the aortic valve pressure gradient from the measured wall thickness and the end-diastolic dimension.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method recited in claim 39, wherein the measuring steps comprise taking an echocardiogram and obtaining values for the wall thickness and the end-diastolic dimension therefrom.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method recited in claim 40, wherein the calculating step comprises utilizing a formula: dP=KW/D.sub.ed where dP is the pressure gradient, K is an empirically derived wall stress constant equal to 300 kPa, W is the wall thickness, and D ed is the end-diastolic dimension.
Claim 49
Independent Claim
56 words
A device for noninvasively measuring an aortic valve pressure gradient of a patient comprising: means for noninvasively measuring a left ventricular wall thickness of the patient; means for noninvasively measuring a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension of the patient; and means for calculating the aortic valve pressure gradient from the measured wall thickness and the end-diastolic dimension.
Claim 50
Independent Claim
56 words
A device for noninvasively measuring an aortic valve pressure gradient of a patient comprising: means for noninvasively measuring a left ventricular wall thickness of the patient; means for noninvasively measuring a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension of the patient; and means for calculating the aortic valve pressure gradient from the measured wall thickness and the end-diastolic dimension.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
31 words
The device recited in claim 42, wherein the measuring means comprise an echocardiograph for taking an echocardiogram and means for obtaining values for the wall thickness and the end-diastolic dimension therefrom.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
54 words
The device recited in claim 43, wherein the calculating means comprises a processor and software resident therein having means for utilizing a formula: dP=KW/D.sub.ed where dP is the pressure gradient, K is an empirically derived wall stress constant equal to 300 kPa, W is the wall thickness, and D ed is the end-diastolic dimension.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US5701898A
Cited
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