Patent EP0461791A1 successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5697536A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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System and method for electrosurgical cutting and ablation
Assignee: Arthrocare Corp
•
Filing: 1996-11-18
•
Granted: 1997-12-16
•
Expires: 2016-11-18
Abstract
Abstract An electrosurgical probe (10) comprises a shaft (13) having an electrode array (12) at its distal end and a connector (19) at its proximal end for coupling the electrode array to a high frequency power supply (28). The shaft includes a return electrode (55, 56) recessed from its distal end and enclosed within an insulating jacket (18). The return electrode defines an inner passage (83) electrically connected to both the return electrode and the electrode array for passage of an electrically conducting liquid (50). By applying high frequency voltage to the electrode array and the return electrode, the electrically conducting liquid generates a current flow path between the target site and the return electrode so that target tissue may be cut or ablated. The probe is particularly useful in dry environments, such as the mouth or abdominal cavity, because the electrically conducting liquid provides the necessary return current path between the return electrode and the target site.
Inventors
- 👤 Philip E. Eggers
- 👤 Hira V. Thapliyal
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 00:34
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B18/00; A61B18/04; A61B18/12; A61B18/14; A61B18/1402; A61B18/1206; A61B18/148; A61B18/1482; A61B18/1485; A61B18/149; A61B18/1492; A61M; A61M25/00; A61M25/01; A61M25/0105; A61M25/0133; A61B17/00; A61B2017/00017; A61B2017/00022; A61B2017/00026; A61B2017/00084; A61B2017/00092; A61B2017/00097; A61B2017/00101; A61B17/00234; A61B2017/00238; A61B2017/00243; A61B2017/00247; A61B2017/00292; A61B2017/003; A61B17/22; A61B2017/22001; A61B2017/22038; A61B2018/00005; A61B2018/00011; A61B2018/00029; A61B2018/00053; A61B2018/00059; A61B2018/00071; A61B2018/00083; A61B2018/00107; A61B2018/00119; A61B2018/0016; A61B2018/00172; A61B2018/00178; A61B2018/00184; A61B2018/00196; A61B2018/00315; A61B2018/00321; A61B2018/00327; A61B2018/00345; A61B2018/00351; A61B2018/00392; A61B2018/00452; A61B2018/0047; A61B2018/00476; A61B2018/00505; A61B2018/00571; A61B2018/00577; A61B2018/00583; A61B2018/00601; A61B2018/00636; A61B2018/00642; A61B2018/0066; A61B2018/00666; A61B2018/00678; A61B2018/00696; A61B2018/00702; A61B2018/00726; A61B2018/00761; A61B2018/00773; A61B2018/00791; A61B2018/00797; A61B2018/00821; A61B2018/00827; A61B2018/00875; A61B2018/00886; A61B2018/00982; A61B2018/1213; A61B2018/124; A61B2018/1246; A61B2018/1253; A61B2018/126; A61B2018/1273; A61B2018/1405; A61B2018/1407; A61B2018/1467; A61B2018/1472; A61B18/16; A61B2018/162; A61B2018/165; A61B90/00; A61B90/36; A61B90/37; A61B2090/378; A61B2218/00; A61B2218/001; A61B2218/002; A61B2218/007; A61F; A61F2/00; A61F2/02; A61F2/24; A61F2/2493; A61M25/0147; A61M25/0158
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 68
Claim 1
Independent Claim
134 words
An electrosurgical system for use with a high frequency power supply and an electrically conducting fluid supply, the system comprising: an electrosurgical probe comprising a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, an electrode terminal disposed near the distal end, and a connector near the proximal end of the shaft for electrically coupling the electrode terminal to the electrosurgical power supply; a return electrode adapted to be electrically coupled to the electrosurgical power supply; and a fluid delivery element defining a fluid path in electrical contact with the return electrode and the electrode terminal, the fluid path having an inlet adapted to be fluidly coupled to the electrically conducting fluid supply for directing fluid along the fluid path to generate a current flow path between the return electrode and the electrode terminal.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
134 words
An electrosurgical system for use with a high frequency power supply and an electrically conducting fluid supply, the system comprising: an electrosurgical probe comprising a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, an electrode terminal disposed near the distal end, and a connector near the proximal end of the shaft for electrically coupling the electrode terminal to the electrosurgical power supply; a return electrode adapted to be electrically coupled to the electrosurgical power supply; and a fluid delivery element defining a fluid path in electrical contact with the return electrode and the electrode terminal, the fluid path having an inlet adapted to be fluidly coupled to the electrically conducting fluid supply for directing fluid along the fluid path to generate a current flow path between the return electrode and the electrode terminal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 1, wherein the return forms a portion of the shaft of the electrosurgical probe.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
59 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 2 further including an insulating member circumscribing the return electrode, the return electrode being sufficiently spaced from the electrode terminal to minimize direct contact between the return electrode and a body structure at the target site when the electrode terminal is positioned in close proximity or in partial contact with the body structure.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
63 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 2, wherein the return electrode is an inner tubular member and the fluid delivery element comprises an axial lumen within the return electrode, the axial lumen forming at least a portion of the fluid path and having an inlet in communication with the electrically conducting fluid supply and an outlet in fluid communication with the electrode terminal.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
76 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 2, wherein the return electrode is an outer tubular member, the shaft further comprising an insulating member, wherein the fluid delivery element comprises an axial passage between the insulating member and the return electrode, the axial passage forming at least a portion of the fluid path and having an inlet in communication with the electrically conducting fluid supply and an outlet in fluid and electrical communication with the electrode terminal.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
33 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 1 wherein the fluid delivery element comprises a fluid supply instrument separate from the electrosurgical probe, the return electrode forming a portion of the fluid supply instrument.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
53 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 6 wherein the return electrode is a tubular member defining an axial lumen therein, the axial lumen being electrically connected to the tubular member and having an inlet in communication with the fluid supply and an outlet for discharging the electrically conducting fluid towards the active electrode.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
34 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 7 wherein the fluid supply instrument comprises an electrically insulating sheath around the tubular member, the tubular member being proximally recessed from a distal end of the sheath.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
38 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 1 wherein the electrode terminal comprises an electrode array disposed near the distal end of the shaft, the array including a plurality of electrically isolated electrode terminals disposed over a contact surface.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
44 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 9 further comprising a plurality of current limiting elements each coupled to one of the electrode terminals for independently controlling current flow to each of the electrode terminals to inhibit power dissipation into the medium surrounding the target site.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 9 further comprising means for independently controlling power to the electrode terminals based on the electrical impedance between each of the electrode terminals and the return electrode.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 9 wherein the distal surface of the array of electrode terminals is circular in shape with a diameter in the range from 1 mm to 10 mm.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
39 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 9 wherein the shape of the distal surface of the array of electrode terminals has an effective length of 1 mm to 20 mm and an effective width of 0.5 mm to 7.0 mm.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the electrode terminal comprises a single active electrode disposed near the distal end of the shaft.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
41 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the target site is selected from the group consisting essentially of the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, knee, shoulder, hip, hand, foot, elbow, mouth, spine, ear, nose, throat, epidermis and dermis of the patient's body.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 further comprising a current limiting element for controlling current flow through the electrode terminal to inhibit power dissipation into the medium surrounding the target site.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
55 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 16 wherein the electrically conducting fluid between the electrode terminal and the return electrode has an inherent capacitance, wherein the inherent capacitance of the tissue and electrically conducting fluid between the electrode terminal and the return electrode combined with the current limiting element together form a series resonant output circuit.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
30 words
The system of claim 17 wherein the series resonant circuit has a resonant frequency that varies with changes in the inherent capacitance between the electrode terminal and the return electrode.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
38 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 16 wherein the current limiting element is an active current limiting element for actively limiting current to the electrode terminal based on the electrical impedance between the electrode terminal and the return electrode.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 19 wherein the active current limiting element measures current flow for a given applied voltage.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 19 wherein the active current limiting element comprises an impedance sensor for indicating an electrical impedance less than a threshold level.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 16 wherein the current limiting element is a passive current limiting element selected from the group consisting essentially of inductors, capacitors, resistors and combinations thereof.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
43 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the height of the most distal portion of the electrode terminal relative to the most proximal portion of the electrode terminal exposed to the electrically conducting fluid is in the range from 0 to 2 mm.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
36 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the distance between the most distal portion of the return electrode and the most proximal portion of the electrode terminal is in the range from 0.5 to 10 mm.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the distal surface of the electrode terminal has a shape selected from the group consisting essentially of flat, concave, convex, hemispherical, linear (in-line), pyramidal, conical and cylindrical.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
35 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the fluid delivery element further comprises a control valve positioned on the shaft of the probe for controlling flow of the electrically conducting fluid through the fluid path.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 further comprising means for controlling power to the electrode terminal based on the electrical impedance between the electrode terminal and the return electrode.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
39 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 further comprising an insulating matrix surrounding and supporting the electrode terminal to electrically isolate a proximal portion of the electrode terminal from the electrically conducting fluid, the insulating matrix comprising an inorganic material.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 28 wherein the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting essentially of ceramic, glass and glass/ceramic compositions.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
52 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the electrode terminal and the return electrode are configured to effect the electrical breakdown of tissue in the immediate vicinity of the electrode terminal when high frequency voltage is applied between the electrode terminal and the return electrode in the presence of electrically conducting fluid.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the electrically conducting fluid is selected from the group consisting essentially of blood and electrolytic irrigants.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the electrically conducting liquid comprises saline.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the electrode terminal has a distal portion configured for generating high electric field intensities sufficient to cause molecular disintegration of a body structure at the target site.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
48 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 further comprising a temperature sensor adjacent the electrode terminal, the temperature sensor being adapted to be electrically coupled to the high frequency voltage source such that power delivery to the electrical terminal is limited if the measured temperature exceeds a threshold value.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 34 wherein the temperature sensor is integral with the electrode terminal.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrosurgical system of 1 wherein the distal surface of the electrode terminal is circular in shape with a diameter in the range from 1 mm to 10 mm.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrosurgical system of 1 wherein the distal surface of the electrode terminal is circular in shape with a diameter in the range from 1 mm to 10 mm.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
37 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the shape of the distal surface of the electrode terminal has an effective length of 1 mm to 20 mm and an effective width of 0.5 mm to 7.0 mm.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system of claim 1 wherein the electrode terminal is configured for the cutting of tissue.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
51 words
The system of claim 1 wherein the probe comprises a concave-shaped portion, the electrode terminal being disposed within the concave-shaped portion such that the concave-shaped portion at least partially surrounds the target site when the electrode terminal is brought into at least partial contact or close proximity with the target site.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
49 words
The system of claim 1 wherein the probe comprises a lateral surface, the electrode terminal being positioned on the lateral surface such that the electrode terminal may be brought into at least partial contact or close proximity with the tissue surfaces which are substantially tangent to the electrosurgical probe.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
42 words
The system of claim 1 wherein the electrode terminal and the return electrode are configured, upon the application of sufficient voltage therebetween, to effect the ablution of tissue adjacent the electrode terminal such that a portion of said tissue is volumetrically removed.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
19 words
The system of claim 1 wherein the electrode terminal is disposed at the distal tip of the electrosurgical probe.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 42 wherein the return electrode is disposed proximally of the electrode terminal on the electrosurgical probe.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
36 words
The system of claim 1 wherein the electrode terminal is a flexible electrode terminal disposed at the distal tip of the probe, the flexible electrode terminal being extendable relative to the distal tip of the probe.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
114 words
An electrosurgical system for applying electrical energy to a target site on a structure within or on a patient's body, the system comprising: a high frequency power supply; an electrosurgical probe comprising a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, an electrode terminal disposed near the distal end, and a connector near the proximal end of the shaft electrically coupling the electrode terminal to the electrosurgical power supply; a return electrode electrically coupled to the electrosurgical power supply; and an electrically conducting fluid supply for directing electrically conducting fluid to the target site such that the electrically conducting fluid generates a current flow path between the return electrode and the electrode terminal.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
114 words
An electrosurgical system for applying electrical energy to a target site on a structure within or on a patient's body, the system comprising: a high frequency power supply; an electrosurgical probe comprising a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, an electrode terminal disposed near the distal end, and a connector near the proximal end of the shaft electrically coupling the electrode terminal to the electrosurgical power supply; a return electrode electrically coupled to the electrosurgical power supply; and an electrically conducting fluid supply for directing electrically conducting fluid to the target site such that the electrically conducting fluid generates a current flow path between the return electrode and the electrode terminal.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
21 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 45, wherein the return electrode forms a portion of the shaft of the electrosurgical probe.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
38 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 46 further including an insulating member circumscribing the return electrode, the return electrode being sufficiently spaced from the electrode terminal to minimize direct contact between the return electrode and the patient's tissue.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
48 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 46, wherein the return electrode is an inner tubular member defining an axial lumen within the return electrode, the axial lumen having an inlet in communication with the electrically conducting fluid supply and an outlet in fluid communication with the electrode terminal.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
61 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 46, wherein the return electrode is an outer tubular member, the shaft further comprising an insulating member defining an axial passage between the insulating member and the return electrode, the axial passage having an inlet in communication with the electrically conducting fluid supply and an outlet in fluid and electrical communication with the electrode terminal.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
29 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 45 further including a fluid supply instrument separate from the electrosurgical probe, the return electrode forming a portion of the fluid supply instrument.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
53 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 50 wherein the return electrode is a tubular member defining an axial lumen therein, the axial lumen being electrically connected to the tubular member and having an inlet in communication with the fluid supply and an outlet for discharging the electrically conducting fluid towards the active electrode.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
42 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 51 further comprising a plurality of current limiting elements each coupled to one of the electrode terminals for independent controlling current flow through the electrode terminals to inhibit power dissipation into the medium surrounding the target site.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
38 words
An electrosurgical system as in claim 45 wherein the electrode terminal comprises an electrode array disposed near the distal end of the shaft, the array including a plurality of electrically isolated electrode terminals disposed over a contact surface.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 53 further comprising means for independently controlling power to the electrode terminals based on the electrical impedance between each of the electrode terminals and the return electrode.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 45 wherein the electrode terminal comprises a single active electrode disposed near the distal end of the shaft.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
41 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 45 wherein the target site is selected from the group consisting essentially of the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, knee, shoulder, hip, hand, foot, elbow, mouth, spine, ear, nose, throat, epidermis and dermis of the patient's body.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 45 further comprising a current limiting element for controlling current flow through the electrode terminal to inhibit power dissipation into the medium surrounding the target site.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 45 wherein the frequency of the voltage applied between the return electrode and the electrode terminal is in the range of about 20 kHz and 20 Mhz.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 45 wherein the voltage applied between the electrode terminal and the return electrode is in the range from 10 volts (RMS) to 1000 volts (RMS).
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 45 further comprising means for controlling power to the electrode terminal based on the electrical impedance between the electrode terminal and the return electrode.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
38 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 45 further comprising an insulating matrix surrounding and supporting electrode terminal to electrically isolate a proximal portion of the electrode terminal from the electrically conducting fluid, the insulating matrix comprising an inorganic material.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrosurgical system of claim 45 wherein the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting essentially of ceramic, glass and glass/ceramic compositions.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
136 words
An electrosurgical system for applying electrical energy to a target site on a structure within or on a patient's body, the system comprising: a high frequency power supply; an electrosurgical probe comprising a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, an electrode terminal disposed near the distal end, and a connector near the proximal end of the shaft electrically coupling the electrode terminal to the electrosurgical power supply; a return electrode electrically coupled to the electrosurgical power supply; an electrically conducting fluid supply; a fluid delivery element defining a fluid path electrically coupled to the electrode terminal for directing electrically conducting fluid to the target site and the electrode terminal to substantially surround the electrode terminal with electrically conducting fluid and to locate electrically conducting fluid between the electrode terminal and the target site.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
136 words
An electrosurgical system for applying electrical energy to a target site on a structure within or on a patient's body, the system comprising: a high frequency power supply; an electrosurgical probe comprising a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, an electrode terminal disposed near the distal end, and a connector near the proximal end of the shaft electrically coupling the electrode terminal to the electrosurgical power supply; a return electrode electrically coupled to the electrosurgical power supply; an electrically conducting fluid supply; a fluid delivery element defining a fluid path electrically coupled to the electrode terminal for directing electrically conducting fluid to the target site and the electrode terminal to substantially surround the electrode terminal with electrically conducting fluid and to locate electrically conducting fluid between the electrode terminal and the target site.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
18 words
The system of claim 63 wherein the return electrode is located on a surface of the patient's body.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2000-12-15 | 2001-06-16 | 2001-12-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-06-16 | 2005-12-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2008-12-15 | 2009-06-16 | 2009-12-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |