US5264092A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Redox polymer modified electrode for the electrochemical regeneration of coenzyme
Assignee: MOLTECH Corp A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK
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Filing: 1991-10-02
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Granted: 1993-11-23
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Expires: 2011-10-02
Abstract
Abstract The present invention relates to an electrochemical enzyme biosensor for use in liquid mixtures of components for detecting the presence of, or measuring the amount of, one or more selected components. The enzyme electrode of the present invention includes a redox polymer immobilized on an electrode surface, one or more enzymes, at least one of which is a de-hydrogenase, a coenzyme and an electron collector.
Inventors
- 👤 Terje Skotheim
- 👤 Yoshiyuki Okamoto
- 👤 Lo G. Gorton
- 👤 Hung Sui Lee
- 👤 Paul Hale
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 18:02
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12Q; C12Q1/00; C12Q1/001; C12Q1/002; C12Q1/004; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/817
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 10
Claim 1
Independent Claim
138 words
A redox polymer-modified electrode for use in liquid mixtures of components for detecting the presence of, or measuring the amount of, one or more selected components by the electrochemical regeneration of coenzymes dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), or analogues thereof, characterized by having an adsorbed redox polymer comprising polysiloxane, polyalkane, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene imine), or copolymers thereof, which contain covalently attached mediators comprising phenazinium ions, phenazinones, phenoxazinium ions, phenoxazones, phenothiazinium ions, or phenothiazinones, substituted or unsubstituted; an electrode substrate with said polymer on a surface thereof; one or more enzymes, at least one of which is a de-hydrogenase, in dissolved, suspended or immobilized form on or at the electrode surface; and NADH or NADPH coenzymes or analogues thereof dissolved or immobilized in said redox polymer, whereby said coenzyme can be re-oxidized by the electrode.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
138 words
A redox polymer-modified electrode for use in liquid mixtures of components for detecting the presence of, or measuring the amount of, one or more selected components by the electrochemical regeneration of coenzymes dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), or analogues thereof, characterized by having an adsorbed redox polymer comprising polysiloxane, polyalkane, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene imine), or copolymers thereof, which contain covalently attached mediators comprising phenazinium ions, phenazinones, phenoxazinium ions, phenoxazones, phenothiazinium ions, or phenothiazinones, substituted or unsubstituted; an electrode substrate with said polymer on a surface thereof; one or more enzymes, at least one of which is a de-hydrogenase, in dissolved, suspended or immobilized form on or at the electrode surface; and NADH or NADPH coenzymes or analogues thereof dissolved or immobilized in said redox polymer, whereby said coenzyme can be re-oxidized by the electrode.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrode of claim 1, characterized in that the electrode substrate is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, nickel, indiumtin oxide, tin oxide, graphite and conducting carbon.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
25 words
The electrode of claim 1, characterized in that the enzyme or enzymes are retained adjacent to said electrode by a membrane permeable to small molecules.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
The electrode of claim 1, characterized in that the redox polymer, the NADH or NADPH or analogues thereof, and the enzymes are contained within a graphite paste matrix.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
The electrode of claim 1, characterized in that one or more enzyme, at least one of which is a de-hydrogenase, have been immobilized in the redox polymer matrix.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
102 words
A method of making an electrode for the electrochemical regeneration of coenzymes dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), or analogues thereof, comprising the steps of: preparing an electrode substrate; depositing a redox polymer film and coenzymes of claim 10 onto said electrode surface from a common organic, aqueous or mixed aqueous-organic solution containing in a dissolved or suspended form redox mediator and said coenzyme; depositing onto said redox polymer film from an aqueous or mixed aqueous-organic solvent a layer of enzymes, at least one of which is a de-hydrogenase, to allow the enzymes to penetrate said redox polymer film.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method of making an electrode according to claim 6, which includes depositing on an outer surface of the electrode a membrane permeable to small molecules.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method of improving the performance of a biochemical fuel cell which operates with de-hydrogenases as catalysts, with coenzyme as the energy-transferring redox couple, and with the electrode of claim 1 as an anode in said fuel cell.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method of analysis in systems utilizing coenzyme-dependent enzyme, employing the electrode of claim 1 in an analytical apparatus in which the coenzymes dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), or analogues thereof are generated.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4490464A
Cited
US4797181A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1996-11-22 | 1997-05-24 | 1997-11-23 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2000-11-22 | 2001-05-24 | 2001-11-23 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2004-11-22 | 2005-05-24 | 2005-11-23 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |