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US4798786A
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Living cells encapsulated in crosslinked protein
Assignee: SOUHERN RESEARCH INSTITUTE A CORP OF
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Filing: 1982-05-06
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Granted: 1989-01-17
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Expires: 2002-05-06
Abstract
Abstract Living cells are encapsulated by: (a) dispersing living cells in an aqueous solution of a capsule wall-forming protein; (b) forming aqueous droplets of the cell containing dispersion in an aqueous-immiscible, cell compatible continuous processing medium; and (c) crosslinking the protein with a crosslinking agent which is soluble in the continuous processing medium but substantially insoluble in the aqueous droplets. The resultant capsules containing living cells may be treated with a capsule wall degrading enzyme to enlarge pores of the capsules. The encapsulated cells may be used for administration of cells to an animal for growing the cells in the animal or for delivery to the animal of a substance produced by the cells. By the cells being encapsulated, the cells are not destroyed by the aminal immune system and immune response by the animal may be minimized.
Inventors
- 👤 Thomas R. Tice
- 👤 William E. Meyers
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 13:26
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61K; A61K9/00; A61K9/48; A61K9/50; A61K9/5089; A61K9/5005; A61K9/5021; A61K9/5052; C; C12; C12N; C12N11/00; C12N11/02; C12N11/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 27
Claim 1
Independent Claim
94 words
A process for the encapsulation of living cells which comprises: (a) dispersing living cells in an aqueous solution of a capsule wall-forming protein; (b) forming aqueous droplets of said cell-containing dispersion in an aqueous-immiscible, cell compatible continuous processing medium; (c) crosslinking said protein with a crosslinking agent which is soluble in said continuous processing medium but substantially insoluble in said aqueous droplets thus forming crosslinked capsules, and adding to the formed crosslinked capsules a capsule wall degradation enzyme for a time sufficient to enlarge pore sizes in said walls to a predetermined average size.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
94 words
A process for the encapsulation of living cells which comprises: (a) dispersing living cells in an aqueous solution of a capsule wall-forming protein; (b) forming aqueous droplets of said cell-containing dispersion in an aqueous-immiscible, cell compatible continuous processing medium; (c) crosslinking said protein with a crosslinking agent which is soluble in said continuous processing medium but substantially insoluble in said aqueous droplets thus forming crosslinked capsules, and adding to the formed crosslinked capsules a capsule wall degradation enzyme for a time sufficient to enlarge pore sizes in said walls to a predetermined average size.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said aqueous solution also contains nutrients for said cells.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said protein is selected from the group consisting of albumin, casein, collagen, gelatin, soy protein, gluten, and immunoglobulin.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said solution also comprises an additional, enzyme-degradable material.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 4 wherein said additional material is a polysaccharide, protein or nucleic acid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said cells are selected from the group consisting of animal, vegetable, microbiological, and artificially constructed cells.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 4 wherein said cells are hybridoma cells.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 4 wherein said cells are bacterial cells.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 8 wherein said bacterial cells express a product coded by a non-bacterial gene which has been recombined into the DNA of said bacteria.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 9 wherein said non-bacterial gene is a mammalian gene.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said capsules have average diameters less than about 250 μm.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said processing medium is vegetable or mineral oil.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said processing medium is selected from the group consisting of peanut oil, sesame oil and cottonseed oil.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said crosslinking agent is at least a bifunctional agent capable of reacting with amino, hydroxy, carboxy or thiol groups of proteins.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 14 wherein said crosslinking agent is a diacid halide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 15 wherein said diacid halide has the formula: XOC--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --COX wherein X is a halide, and n is an integer from 4 to 12.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 1 which also comprises the step of washing the crosslinked capsules with an aqueous insoluble solvent.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said aqueous solution of capsule wall forming protein also comprises a water soluble poragenic compound.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 18 wherein said poragenic compound is present in said solution at from 1 mg/ml to 1 g/ml.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 18 wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), carboxymethyl cellulose, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), starch or glycol.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 18 wherein said compound is a polyglycol having a molecular weight from 100 to 10,000.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said enzyme is a proteolytic enzyme.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said enzyme is a polysaccharide degrading enzyme, a DNase, an RNase, keratinase, cellulase, amylase or collagenase.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said wall has sufficient porosity to allow the passage therethrough of molecules having molecular weights in the range up to 500,000, or particles with a diameter up to about 3,000 Å.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 24 wherein said molecules are immunoglobulins.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 25 wherein said immunoglobulins are monoclonal antibodies.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-01-17 | 1992-07-18 | 1993-01-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-01-17 | 1996-07-18 | 1997-01-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-01-17 | 2000-07-18 | 2001-01-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |