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US4708714A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Apparatus for the separation of fractions from body fluids

Assignee: HEMOCARE BETEILIGUNGSGESELLSCHAFT GmbH
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Filing: 1985-10-11
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Granted: 1987-11-24
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Expires: 2005-10-11
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Abstract

Abstract An apparatus is disclosed for the separation of one or more fractions out of whole blood, plasma, or other similar body fluids utilizing an adsorption column comprising means for feeding the fluid to the column and means for the removal of same. The apparatus includes an analyzing device for the coarse analysis of the fluid and a valve device which is adapted to conduct the fluid flow from the column as a function of the analysis carried out to one of two analyzing devices for the fine analysis of the fluid to determine if the fluid is to be conveyed to a collection container, conveyed back to the source or conveyed to a drain.

Inventors

  • 👤 Lars-Ake L. Larsson
  • 👤 Ake W. Nilsson
  • 👤 Bo Ingemar W. Johannson
  • 👤 Lars Olof V. Naucler

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-23 03:52
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61M; A61M1/00; A61M1/36; A61M1/3679; A61M1/34; A61M1/3472; A61M1/3486; A61M2205/00; A61M2205/70; A61M2205/707; A61M2205/75; A61M2205/7554; A61M2205/7581

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 13
Claim 1
Independent Claim 384 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining a primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis, said means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable, disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said means for coarse analysis and through which said means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristics of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (f) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient; (g) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; and (h) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristics determined by said second means for fine analysis, said means for coarse analysis comprising a detector for monitoring a degree of dilution of said treated biological fluid.
Claim 2
Independent Claim 384 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining a primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis, said means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable, disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said means for coarse analysis and through which said means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristics of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (f) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient; (g) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; and (h) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristics determined by said second means for fine analysis, said means for coarse analysis comprising a detector for monitoring a degree of dilution of said treated biological fluid.
Claim 3
Independent Claim 380 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining a primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis, said means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable, disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said means for coarse analysis and through which said means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristics of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (f) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient; (g) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; and (h) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristics determined by said second means for fine analysis, said first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid being a pH meter.
Claim 4
Independent Claim 380 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining a primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis, said means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable, disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said means for coarse analysis and through which said means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristics of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (f) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient; (g) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; and (h) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristics determined by said second means for fine analysis, said first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid being a pH meter.
Claim 5
Independent Claim 389 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining a primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis, said means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said means for coarse analysis and through which said means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristics of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (f) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient; (g) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; and (h) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said second means for fine analysis, said second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid being a protein detector for the monitoring of said fraction to be separated.
Claim 6
Independent Claim 389 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining a primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis, said means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said means for coarse analysis and through which said means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristics of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (f) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient; (g) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; and (h) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said second means for fine analysis, said second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid being a protein detector for the monitoring of said fraction to be separated.
Claim 7
Independent Claim 395 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining a primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis, said means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable, disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said means for coarse analysis and through which said means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristics of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (f) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient; (g) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; and (h) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristics determined by said second means for fine analysis, said second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid being a pH meter and a protein detector positioned serially for the monitoring of said fraction to be separated.
Claim 8
Independent Claim 395 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining a primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis, said means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable, disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said means for coarse analysis and through which said means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristics of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (f) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient; (g) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; and (h) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristics determined by said second means for fine analysis, said second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid being a pH meter and a protein detector positioned serially for the monitoring of said fraction to be separated.
Claim 9
Independent Claim 333 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining the degree of dilution of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said degree of dilution determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining the pH of said treated biological fluid; (f) a drain; (g) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said pH determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient and said fourth fluid path directing said treated biological fluid to said drain; (h) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining the protein content of said treated biological fluid; (i) a collecting receiver; and (j) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said protein content determined by said second means for fine analysis, said fifth fluid path directing said treated biological fluid to said drain and said sixth fluid path directing said treated biological fluid to said collecting receiver.
Claim 10
Independent Claim 333 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining the degree of dilution of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said degree of dilution determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining the pH of said treated biological fluid; (f) a drain; (g) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said pH determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient and said fourth fluid path directing said treated biological fluid to said drain; (h) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining the protein content of said treated biological fluid; (i) a collecting receiver; and (j) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said protein content determined by said second means for fine analysis, said fifth fluid path directing said treated biological fluid to said drain and said sixth fluid path directing said treated biological fluid to said collecting receiver.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 97 words
The apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid as defined in claim 5, wherein said means for supplying said treated biological fluid comprises a removable, disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said means for coarse analysis and through which said means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said degree of dilution of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said means for coarse analysis.
Claim 12
Independent Claim 593 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining a primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis, said means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable, disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said means for coarse analysis and through which said means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (f) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient; (g) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (h) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristics determined by said second means for fine analysis; (i) a second adsorption column positioned parallel to said first adsorption column; (j) second means for feeding said biological fluid into said second adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (k) second means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining said primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (l) second means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said second adsorption column to said second means for coarse analysis, said second means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable, disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said second means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said second means for coarse analysis and through which said second means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said second means for coarse analysis; and (m) second primary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to said first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said second means for coarse analysis, each of said means for coarse analysis comprising a detector for monitoring a degree of dilution of said treated biological fluid.
Claim 13
Independent Claim 593 words
An apparatus for the separation of a fraction from a biological fluid to provide a treated biological fluid to be supplied to a patient, said apparatus utilizing an adsorption column having an adsorption medium thereon comprising: (a) means for feeding said biological fluid into said adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (b) means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining a primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (c) means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said adsorption column to said means for coarse analysis, said means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable, disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said means for coarse analysis and through which said means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said means for coarse analysis; (d) primary valve means positioned downstream of said means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said means for coarse analysis; (e) first means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid associated with said first fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (f) first secondary valve means positioned downstream of said first means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to third or fourth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristic determined by said first means for fine analysis, said third fluid path supplying said treated biological fluid to a patient; (g) second means for fine analysis of said treated biological fluid in fluid communication with said second fluid path for determining a secondary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (h) second secondary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for fine analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to fifth or sixth fluid paths based upon said secondary characteristics determined by said second means for fine analysis; (i) a second adsorption column positioned parallel to said first adsorption column; (j) second means for feeding said biological fluid into said second adsorption column so as to adsorb said fraction into said column and produce a treated biological fluid therein; (k) second means for coarse analysis of said treated biological fluid for determining said primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid; (l) second means for supplying said treated biological fluid from said second adsorption column to said second means for coarse analysis, said second means for supplying said treated biological fluid including a removable, disposable portion through which said treated biological fluid flows and arranged within said second means for coarse analysis, said disposable portion having walls separating said treated biological fluid from said second means for coarse analysis and through which said second means for coarse analysis is operative for determining said primary characteristic of said treated biological fluid, whereby said disposable portion can be replaced while retaining said second means for coarse analysis; and (m) second primary valve means positioned downstream of said second means for coarse analysis for selectively directing said treated biological fluid to said first or second fluid paths based upon said primary characteristic determined by said second means for coarse analysis, each of said means for coarse analysis comprising a detector for monitoring a degree of dilution of said treated biological fluid.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US3029682A Cited
US4127111A Cited
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EP0046470A1 Cited
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

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