US4590934A
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US
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Bipolar cutter/coagulator
Assignee: MALIS LEONARD I 219-44 PECK AVENUE HOLLIS HILLS NY 11427
•
Filing: 1983-05-18
•
Granted: 1986-05-27
•
Expires: 2003-05-18
Abstract
Abstract A bipolar cutter/coagulator produces a coagulating waveform comprising an aperiodic sequence of damped RF bursts. The inter-burst spacing is pseudo-random, and the intra-burst RF frequency is swept between preset limits. The burst envelopes are uniform, always starting at the same preselected amplitude.
Inventors
- 👤 Jerry L. Malis
- 👤 Leonard I. Malis
- 👤 Robert R. Acorcey
- 👤 David Solt
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 10:44
CPC Classifications
G; G05; G05B; G05B19/00; G05B19/02; G05B19/04; G05B19/10; G05B19/106; A; A61; A61B; A61B18/00; A61B18/04; A61B18/12; A61B18/1206; A61B2018/124; G05B2219/00; G05B2219/20; G05B2219/23; G05B2219/23056; G05B2219/23058; G05B2219/23064; G05B2219/23386
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 99
Claim 1
Independent Claim
57 words
Electrosurgical apparatus, comprising: a bipolar electrode, means for electronically synthesizing an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a high frequency signal, means for impressing substantially identical decaying amplitude envelopes on said bursts, each of said envelopes having a predetermined rate of change from a preselected initial amplitude, and means for applying said impressed bursts to said electrode.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
57 words
Electrosurgical apparatus, comprising: a bipolar electrode, means for electronically synthesizing an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a high frequency signal, means for impressing substantially identical decaying amplitude envelopes on said bursts, each of said envelopes having a predetermined rate of change from a preselected initial amplitude, and means for applying said impressed bursts to said electrode.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
20 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 including means for varying the frequency of said high frequency signal within said bursts.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 2 including means for varying the frequency of said high frequency signal between preset frequency limits.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 3 including circuitry to cause said preset frequency limits to be 0.96 MHz and 1.04 MHz.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 including means for varying the power of said sequence of bursts by varying the amplitudes of said envelopes.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 5 including means for displaying a number representative of the power of said sequence of bursts.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
22 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 5 including means for generating a voice signal representative of the power of said sequence of bursts.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
29 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 including means for monitoring the aperiodicity of said sequence of bursts, and means for determining whether the aperiodicity is outside an acceptable limit.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 8 including means for displaying an error message if said aperiodicity is outside said limit.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 8 including means for sounding an error message if said aperiodicity is outside said limit.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
41 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 including means for detecting whether the power of said sequence of bursts is outside an acceptable power limit, and means for automatically terminating said sequence of bursts if said power is outside the power limit.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 11 including means for displaying an error message if said power is outside said power limit.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 11 including means for sounding an error message if said power is outside said power limit.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 including means for varying the inter-burst spacing between 11-51 microseconds.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
44 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 including means for modulating said aperiodic sequence of bursts so that said bursts recur aperiodically over regularly occuring repetitive intervals of time of preselected duration separated by dead zones of preselected duration in which the bursts are absent.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 15 including circuitry for causing said preselected intervals of time to be 6 milliseconds long and said dead zones to be 3 milliseconds long.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 15 including means for preventing modulation of said bursts due to regular occurrence of said dead zones.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 15 including means for preventing an abrupt rise of said burst envelope prior to decay.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 including circuitry for causing the frequency of said high frequency signal to be approximately 1 MHz.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 including forceps adatped for electrical connection to said means for generating said aperiodic sequence of bursts.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
60 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 1 including means for delivering said aperiodic sequence of bursts having said decay amplitude envelopes to a load impedance, said load impedance being variable over a substantially wide range of impedances, and means for maintaining the power of said aperiodic sequence of bursts delivered to said load impedance substantially uniform over said range of impedances.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
24 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 21 wherein said means for delivering said a periodic sequence of bursts includes a step down cup core transformer.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
71 words
Electrosurgical apparatus comprising: a bipolar electrode, means for electronically synthesizing an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a high frequency signal, means for impressing substantially identical predetermined decaying amplitude envelopes on said bursts, each of said envelopes having a predetermined rate of change from a preselected initial amplitude, means for varying the frequency of said high frequency signal within said bursts, and means for applying said impressed bursts to said electrode.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
71 words
Electrosurgical apparatus comprising: a bipolar electrode, means for electronically synthesizing an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a high frequency signal, means for impressing substantially identical predetermined decaying amplitude envelopes on said bursts, each of said envelopes having a predetermined rate of change from a preselected initial amplitude, means for varying the frequency of said high frequency signal within said bursts, and means for applying said impressed bursts to said electrode.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
24 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 23 including means for varying the power of said sequence of bursts by varying the amplitudes of said envelopes.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 24 including means for displaying a number representative of the power of said sequence of bursts.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
22 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 24 including means for generating a voice signal representative of the power of said sequence of bursts.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
29 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 23 including means for monitoring the aperiodicity of said sequence of bursts, and means for determining whether the aperiodicity is outside an acceptable limit.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
20 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 27 including means for displaying an error message if said aperiodicity is outside said limit.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
20 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 27 including means for sounding an error message if said aperiodicity is outside said limit.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
41 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 23 including means for detecting whether the power of said sequence of bursts is outside an acceptable power limit and means for automatically terminating said sequence of bursts if said power is outside the power limit.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 30 including means for displaying an error message if said power is outside said power limit.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 30 including means for sounding an error message if said power is outside said power limit.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
16 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 23 including means for varying the inter-burst spacing between 11-51 microseconds.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
44 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 23 including means for modulating said aperiodic sequence of bursts so that said bursts recur aperiodically over regularly occurring repetitive intervals of time of preselected duration separated by dead zones of preselected duration in which the bursts are absent.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
29 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 34 including circuitry for causing said preselected intervals of time to be 6 milliseconds long and said dead zones to be 3 milliseconds long.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
22 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 34 including means for preventing modulation of said bursts due to regular occurrence of said dead zones.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
20 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 34 including means for preventing an abrupt rise of said burst envelope prior to decay.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
22 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 23 including circuitry for causing the frequency of said high frequency signal to be approximately 1 MHz.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
24 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 23 including circuitry for causing the frequency of said high frequency signal to vary between the preset frequency limits.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 39 including circuitry for causing said preset frequency limits to be 0.96 MHz and 1.04 MHz.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
22 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 23 including forceps adapted for electrical connection to said means for generating said aperiodic sequence of bursts.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
60 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 23 including means for delivering said aperiodic sequence of bursts having said decay amplitude envelopes to a load impedance, said load impedance being variable over a substantially wide range of impedance, and means for maintaining the power of said aperiodic sequence of bursts delivered to said load impedance substantially uniform over said range of impedances.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
23 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 42 wherein said means for delivering said aperiodic sequence of bursts includes a step down cup core transformer.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
130 words
Electrosurgical apparatus, comprising: a bipolar electrode, manually actuable means for generating a mode signal indicative of whether the appartus is to operate in a coagulate mode or in a cut mode, means for electronically synthesizing an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a high frequency signal when said mode signal indicates operation in the coagulate mode, said bursts having substantially identical decaying amplitude envelopes, each of said envelopes having a predetermined rate of change from a preselected initial amplitude, means for varying the frequency of said high frequency signal within said bursts, means for generating a continuous, substantially uniform amplitude high frequency signal when said mode signal indicates operation in the cut mode, and means for selectably applying said bursts and said uniform aplitude high frequency signal to said electrode.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
130 words
Electrosurgical apparatus, comprising: a bipolar electrode, manually actuable means for generating a mode signal indicative of whether the appartus is to operate in a coagulate mode or in a cut mode, means for electronically synthesizing an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a high frequency signal when said mode signal indicates operation in the coagulate mode, said bursts having substantially identical decaying amplitude envelopes, each of said envelopes having a predetermined rate of change from a preselected initial amplitude, means for varying the frequency of said high frequency signal within said bursts, means for generating a continuous, substantially uniform amplitude high frequency signal when said mode signal indicates operation in the cut mode, and means for selectably applying said bursts and said uniform aplitude high frequency signal to said electrode.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
71 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 wherein said manually actuable means includes footpedal means comprising a manually actuable coag pedal for generating a mode signal indicative of operation in the coagulate mode, and a manually actuable cut pedal for generating a mode signal indicative of the cut mode, and means for generating a mode signal indicative of operation in the coagulate mode if said coag and cut pedals are simultaneously actuated.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
61 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 including means for automatically setting the amplitude of said continuous high frequency signal at a first level if said mode signal indicates operation in the cut mode and for automatically setting the initial amplitude of each of said burst envelopes at a second, higher level if said mode signal indicates operation in the coagulate mode.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
33 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 including manually actuable means for varying the power of said sequence of bursts or the power of said continuous high frequency signal by varying the amplitudes thereof.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
30 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 including means for displaying a number representative of the power of said sequence of bursts or the power of said continuous high frequency signal.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
12 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 48 including means for sounding said number.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
29 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 including means for monitoring the aperiodicity of said sequence of bursts, and means for determining whether the aperiodicity is outside an acceptable limit.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
20 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 50 including means for displaying an error message if said aperiodicity is outside said limit.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
20 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 50 including means for sounding an error message if said aperiodicity is outside said limit.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
56 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 including means for detecting whether the power of said sequence of bursts or the power of said continuous, high frequency signal is outside an acceptable power limit, and means for automatically terminating said sequence of bursts or said continuous, high frequency signal if said power is outside the power limit.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 53 including means for displaying an error message if said power is outside said power limit.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 53 including means for sounding an error message if said power is outside said power limit.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
16 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 including means for varying the inter-burst spacing between 11-51 microseconds.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
44 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 including means for modulating said aperiodic sequence of bursts so that said bursts recur aperiodically over regularly occurring repetitive intervals of time of preselected duration separated by dead zones of preselected duration in which the bursts are absent.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
29 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 57 including circuitry for causing said preselected intervals of time to be 6 milliseconds long and said dead zones to be 3 milliseconds long.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
22 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 57 including means for preventing modulation of said bursts due to regular occurrence of said dead zones.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
20 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 57 including means for preventing an abrupt rise of said burst envelope prior to decay.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
25 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 including circuitry for causing the frequency of said high frequency signal within said bursts to be approximately 1 MHz.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
26 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 including circuitry for causing the frequency of said high frequency signal within said bursts to vary between preset frequency limits.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 62 including circuitry for causing said preset frequency limits to be 0.96 MHz and 1.04 MHz.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
28 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 including forcep means adapted for electrical connection to said means for generating aperiodic sequence of bursts or said continuous, high frequency signal.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
60 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 44 including means for delivering said aperiodic sequence of bursts having said decay amplitude envelopes to a load impedance, said load impedance being variable over a substantially wide range of impedances, and means for maintaining the power of said aperiodic sequence of bursts delivered to said load impedance substantially uniform over said range of impedances.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
23 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 65 wherein said means for delivering said aperiodic sequence of bursts includes a step down cup core transformer.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
83 words
Electrosurgical apparatus comprising: a bipolar electrode, means for electronically synthesizing a sequence of aperiodic trigger pulses, means for electronically synthesizing a burst of ramped high frequency pulses in response to each of said trigger pulses, said high frequency pulses having successive amplitudes which decrease at a predetermined rate, means for electronically synthesizing a damped high frequency sinusoidal signal in response to each of said bursts of ramped high frequency pulses, and means for applying said damped high frequency sinusoidal signal to said electrode.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
83 words
Electrosurgical apparatus comprising: a bipolar electrode, means for electronically synthesizing a sequence of aperiodic trigger pulses, means for electronically synthesizing a burst of ramped high frequency pulses in response to each of said trigger pulses, said high frequency pulses having successive amplitudes which decrease at a predetermined rate, means for electronically synthesizing a damped high frequency sinusoidal signal in response to each of said bursts of ramped high frequency pulses, and means for applying said damped high frequency sinusoidal signal to said electrode.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
51 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 67 wherein said means for generating said burst of ramped pulses includes means for generating a sequence of multiple bit digital signals of decreasing value in response to each of said trigger pulses, and means for converting each multiple bit digital signal into an analog pulse.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
18 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 67 including means for varying the frequency of said pulses within said burst.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
34 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 69 wherein said means for varying the frequency of said pulses includes a phase locked loop in phase coherence with said means for generating said burst of ramped pulses.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
20 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 69 including means for varying the frequency of said ramped pulses between preset frequency limits.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 71 including circuitry for causing said preset frequency limits to be 0.96 MHz and 1.04 MHz.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
43 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 67 including circuitry for causing the spacing between consecutive bursts of ramped analog pulses to be based on the spacing between consecutive trigger pulses, and for causing said spacing between consecutive trigger pulses to vary between 11-51 microseconds.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
48 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 67 wherein said means for generating said aperiodic sequence of trigger pulses includes means for generating said sequence over repetitive regularly occurring intervals of time of preselected duration separated by dead zones of preselected duration during which said trigger pulses are not generated.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
31 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 75 including circuitry for causing said intervals of time of preselected duration to be 6 milliseconds long and said dead zones to be 3 milliseconds long,
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
48 words
Electrosurgical apparatus, comprising: a bipolar electrode, means for electronically synthesizing an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a damped high frequency sinusoidal voltage signal, means for varying the frequency of said high frequency sinusoidal voltage signal within the bursts, and means for applying said bursts to said electrode.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
48 words
Electrosurgical apparatus, comprising: a bipolar electrode, means for electronically synthesizing an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a damped high frequency sinusoidal voltage signal, means for varying the frequency of said high frequency sinusoidal voltage signal within the bursts, and means for applying said bursts to said electrode.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
23 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 76 wherein said means for varying said frequency includes means for varying the frequency between preset frequency limits.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
31 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 76 wherein said means for varying said frequency includes a phase locked loop in phase coherence with said means for generating said aperiodic sequence of bursts.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
21 words
Electrosurgical apparatus according to claim 77 including circuitry for causing said preset frequency limits to be 0.96 MHz and 1.04 MHz.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
67 words
Electrosurgical method of coagulating vessels, tissue, or the like, comprising: generating a power signal at bipolar forceps, said power signal comprising an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a high frequency signal, impressing substantially identical decaying amplitude envelope on said bursts, each of said envelopes having a predetermined rate of change from a preselected initial amplitude, and applying said forceps to said vessels, tissue or the like.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
67 words
Electrosurgical method of coagulating vessels, tissue, or the like, comprising: generating a power signal at bipolar forceps, said power signal comprising an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a high frequency signal, impressing substantially identical decaying amplitude envelope on said bursts, each of said envelopes having a predetermined rate of change from a preselected initial amplitude, and applying said forceps to said vessels, tissue or the like.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
18 words
Electrosurgical method according to claim 80 including varying the frequency of said high frequency signal within said bursts.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
19 words
Electrosurgical method according to claim 81 including varying the frequency of said high frequency signal between preset frequency limits.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
17 words
Electrosurgical method according to claim 82 wherein said preset frequency limits are 0.96 Mhz and 1.04 Mhz.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
14 words
Electrosurgical method according to claim 80 wherein the inter-burst spacing varies between 11-51 microseconds.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
42 words
Electrosurgical method according to claim 80 including modulating said aperiodic sequence of bursts so that said bursts recur aperiodically over regularly occurring repetitive intervals of time of preselected duration separated by dead zones of preselected duration in which the bursts are absent.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
24 words
Electrosurgical method according to claim 85 wherein said preselected intervals of time are 6 milliseconds long and said dead zones are 3 milliseconds long.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
78 words
Electrosurgical method of coagulating vessels, tissue and the like, comprising: generating a power signal at bipolar forceps, said power signal comprising an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a high frequency signal, impressing substantially identical decaying amplitude envelope on said bursts, each of said envelopes having a predetermined rate of change from a preselected initial amplitude, varying the frequency of said high frequency signal within said bursts, and applying said forceps to said vessels, tissue or the like.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
78 words
Electrosurgical method of coagulating vessels, tissue and the like, comprising: generating a power signal at bipolar forceps, said power signal comprising an aperiodic sequence of uniform-width bursts of a high frequency signal, impressing substantially identical decaying amplitude envelope on said bursts, each of said envelopes having a predetermined rate of change from a preselected initial amplitude, varying the frequency of said high frequency signal within said bursts, and applying said forceps to said vessels, tissue or the like.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
19 words
Electrosurgical method according to claim 87 including varying the frequency of said high frequency signal between preset frequency limits.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
17 words
Electrosurgical method according to claim 88 wherein said preset frequency limits are 0.96 Mhz and 1.04 Mhz.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
14 words
Electrosurgical method according to claim 87 wherein the inter-burst spacing varies between 11-51 microseconds.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
42 words
Electrosurgical method according to claim 87 including modulating said aperiodic sequence of bursts so that said bursts recur aperiodically over regularly occurring repetitive intervals of time of preselected duration separated by dead zones of preselected duration in which the bursts are absent.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
24 words
Electrosurgical method according to claim 91 wherein said preselected intervals of time are 6 milliseconds long and said dead zones are 3 milliseconds long.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-05-26 | 1989-11-25 | 1990-05-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-05-26 | 1993-11-25 | 1994-05-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-05-26 | 1997-11-25 | 1998-05-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |