US4505456A — Railing and baluster connection

Claim 1

Independent Claim 188 words

For combination with a rail having an elongated recess sunk in one lateral side thereof and also having at least one interior socket laterally intersecting said recess, the socket having an interior laterally facing wall defined by the rail, the socket also having a generally cylindrically curved interior wall, and an elongated moulding received in said recess and attached to the rail to laterally block said recess, the improvement comprising (a) a baluster having a pivot at an end thereof, the pivot receivable in said socket for pivoting therein, (b) the pivot having generally parallel, laterally spaced opposite sides, (c) the pivot having first and second wall sections which are spaced apart and extend generally cylindrically in matching curved relation to the curvature of said socket wall, portions of said sections remaining in the socket during pivoting of the baluster, (d) the pivot also having a third wall section which intersects said first and second wall sections and which is spaced inwardly from a cylindrical locus forming a continuation of said first and second wall sections, whereby said third wall section remains in said socket during baluster pivoting

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 188 words

For combination with a rail having an elongated recess sunk in one lateral side thereof and also having at least one interior socket laterally intersecting said recess, the socket having an interior laterally facing wall defined by the rail, the socket also having a generally cylindrically curved interior wall, and an elongated moulding received in said recess and attached to the rail to laterally block said recess, the improvement comprising (a) a baluster having a pivot at an end thereof, the pivot receivable in said socket for pivoting therein, (b) the pivot having generally parallel, laterally spaced opposite sides, (c) the pivot having first and second wall sections which are spaced apart and extend generally cylindrically in matching curved relation to the curvature of said socket wall, portions of said sections remaining in the socket during pivoting of the baluster, (d) the pivot also having a third wall section which intersects said first and second wall sections and which is spaced inwardly from a cylindrical locus forming a continuation of said first and second wall sections, whereby said third wall section remains in said socket during baluster pivoting

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 22 words

The improvement of claim 1 wherein said third wall section extends generally chordwise and flatly between said first and second wall sections.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 17 words

The improvement of claim 1 wherein the surfaces of said first and second wall sections are crowned.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 16 words

The improvement of claim 3 wherein said crowned surfaces defined surface portions of a single sphere.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 22 words

The improvement of claim 3 wherein said first, second and third wall sections intersect said laterally spaced opposite sides of the pivot.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 35 words

The improvement of claim 1 wherein the socket defines a lateral axis about which said socket inner wall extends, cylindrically, and about which said first and second wall sections of the pivot extend, generally cylindrically.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 39 words

The improvement of one of claims 1-6 including said rail and moulding defining elongated, divergent and laterally spaced flanges forming a zone therebetween to laterally cover or mask a baluster pivot partly located in said socket and protruding therefrom.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 28 words

The combination that comprises a rail, and multiple sockets and pivots on balusters as defined in claim 1, said sockets and pivots spaced apart along the rail length.

Claim 10

Independent Claim 196 words

The method of forming a pivot adapted for pivoted reception in a socket formed in an elongated rail to laterally intersect an elongated recess sunk in one lateral side of the rail, the socket having an interior laterally facing wall defined by the rail, and having a generally cylindrically curved interior wall, there being a moulding received in said recess and attached to the rail to laterally block the recess, said method including: (a) providing an elongated baluster forming a ball and a ball extension at an end of the baluster, the ball having a radius slightly less than a radius defined by said socket cylindrically curved interior wall, (b) and cutting said ball extension from the main extent of the ball along a cutting path passing through the ball and spaced from the center of the ball generally toward said extension, (c) cutting the ball along laterally spaced planes generally parallel to the length dimension of the baluster and spaced apart at opposite sides of a central plane bisecting said baluster and at a width between said planes less than the socket width, (d) whereby said pivot fits within and freely pivots within the socket.

Claim 11

Independent Claim 196 words

The method of forming a pivot adapted for pivoted reception in a socket formed in an elongated rail to laterally intersect an elongated recess sunk in one lateral side of the rail, the socket having an interior laterally facing wall defined by the rail, and having a generally cylindrically curved interior wall, there being a moulding received in said recess and attached to the rail to laterally block the recess, said method including: (a) providing an elongated baluster forming a ball and a ball extension at an end of the baluster, the ball having a radius slightly less than a radius defined by said socket cylindrically curved interior wall, (b) and cutting said ball extension from the main extent of the ball along a cutting path passing through the ball and spaced from the center of the ball generally toward said extension, (c) cutting the ball along laterally spaced planes generally parallel to the length dimension of the baluster and spaced apart at opposite sides of a central plane bisecting said baluster and at a width between said planes less than the socket width, (d) whereby said pivot fits within and freely pivots within the socket.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 30 words

The method of claim 9 wherein said cutting of said ball extension is carried out to define a planar cutting path, of a maximum length less than the ball diameter.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 34 words

The method of claim 9 including forming said socket in said rail to retain said pivot therein and to limit pivoting of the socket within the recess to an angle less than about 45°.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 55 words

The improvement of claim 2 wherein said third wall section has like, arcuately curved ends the maximum distance therebetween being less than the maximum distance between said first and second wall sections (a) measured through a central axis defined by the pivot, said ends subtending an angle from said axis of between 30° and 45°.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1988-03-18	1988-09-17	1989-03-19	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1992-03-18	1992-09-17	1993-03-19	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1996-03-18	1996-09-17	1997-03-19	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Railing and baluster connection

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