Articles coated with wear-resistant titanium compounds

Claim 2

A process comprising (a) coating the substrate selected from ceramic and metal substrates with an alloy consisting essentially of from about 0 to about 25% by weight of copper, from about 5 to about 30% by weight of nickel, balance titanium, and (b) converting at least a major portion of the titanium in said alloy to a refractory material selected from the group consisting of titanium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carboxynitride, titanium boride and mixtures thereof.

Claim 3

A process according to claim 1 wherein said coating is provided by placing a metal powder containing said copper, nickel and titanium adjacent to said substrate and heating for a sufficient time to melt said metals to form said alloy.

Claim 4

A process according to claim 1 wherein said coating is provided by placing a trilaminate, containing titanium as a first and third layer and of nickel or nickel-copper as a second layer between said first and third layer, adjacent to said substrate and heating for a sufficient time to melt said trilaminate.

Claim 5

A process according to claim 1 wherein said conversion step comprises heating said article to a temperature of from about 900° C. to about 1100° C. in an atmosphere of ammonia gas or nitrogen gas.

Claim 6

A process according to claim 1 wherein said conversion step comprises coating said alloy with at least a stoichiometric amount of carbon, heating said coated area of said substrate to a temperature of from about 900° C. to about 1100° C. in a vacuum or inert atmosphere for a sufficient time to convert essentially all of said titanium to titanium carbide.

Claim 7

A process according to claim 1 wherein said conversion step comprises heating said article to a temperature of form about 900° C. to about 1100° C. in atmosphere of a gaseous alkane.

Claim 8

A process according to claim 1 wherein said conversion step comprises heating said article to a temperature of from about 900° C. to about 1100° C. in a gaseous atmosphere containing nitrogen and carbon in a ratio of C:N of about 1.

Claim 9

A process according to claim 1 wherein said conversion step comprises (a) immersing said article in a boriding salt bath having a temperature of from about 800° C. to about 950° C. and (b) keeping said article immersed for a sufficient time to convert essentially all of said titanium to titanium boride.

Claim 10

A process comprising (a) forming a mixture containing from about 5 to about 30% by weight of nickel powder, from about 0 to about 25% by weight of copper powder, from about 0 to about 35% by weight of tungsten carbide and balance titanium hydride, (b) placing said powder on a portion of a substrate selected form metallic and ceramic substrates, (c) heating said powder to a temperature of from about 300° C. to about 400° C. for a vacuum for a sufficient time to convert said titanium hydride to titanium metal, and (d) converting said titanium to a refractory material selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carboxynitride and titanium boride.

Claim 11

A process comprising (a) forming a mixture containing from about 5 to about 30% by weight of nickel powder, from about 0 to about 25% by weight of copper powder, from about 0 to about 35% by weight of tungsten carbide and balance titanium hydride, (b) placing said powder on a portion of a substrate selected form metallic and ceramic substrates, (c) heating said powder to a temperature of from about 300° C. to about 400° C. for a vacuum for a sufficient time to convert said titanium hydride to titanium metal, and (d) converting said titanium to a refractory material selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carboxynitride and titanium boride.

Claim 12

A process according to claim 9 wherein said conversion step comprises heating said article to a temperature of from about 900° C. to about 1100° C. in an atmosphere of ammonia gas or nitrogen gas.

Claim 13

A process according to claim 9 wherein said conversion step comprises coating said alloy with at least a stoichiometric amount of carbon, heating said coated area of said substrate to a temperature of from about 900° C. to about 1100° C. in a vacuum or inert atmosphere for a sufficient time to convert essentially all of said titanium to titanium carbide.

Claim 14

A process according to claim 9 wherein said conversion step comprises heating said article to a temperature of from about 900° C. to about 1100° C. in atmosphere of a gaseous alkane.

Claim 15

A process according to claim 9 wherein said conversion step comprises heating said article to a temperature of from about 900° C. to about 1100° C. in a gaseous atmosphere containing nitrogen and carbon in a ratio of C:N of about 1.

Claim 16

A process according to claim 9 wherein said conversion step comprises (a) immersing said article in a boriding salt bath having a temperature of from about 800° C. to about 950° C. and (b) keeping said article immersed for a sufficient time to convert essentially all of said titanium to titanium boride.