US4407282A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method and apparatus for generating superoxide and hydroxyl ions in solution
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1980-10-24
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Granted: 1983-10-04
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Expires: 2000-10-24
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus for generating oxygen in an excited electronic state and hydroxyl radicals by interaction of oxygen and an electroactive mediator in solution under the influence of light and electricity. The system serves to generate the superoxide radical anion (O2) and consequently hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical (OHx).
Inventors
- 👤 Mitchell R. Swartz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 11:00
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61L; A61L2/00; A61L2/02; A61K; A61K41/00; A61K41/10; A61K41/17; A61L2/16; A61N; A61N1/00; A61N1/40; A61N5/00; A61N5/06; A61N5/0613; A61N5/062; C; C01; C01B; C01B15/00; C01B15/01; C12; C12N; C12N13/00; C12N7/00; G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/0004; G01N33/0009; G01N33/007; A61N2005/0635; A61N2005/0643; A61N2005/0644; A61N2005/065; A61N2005/0651; C12N2710/00; C12N2710/00011; C12N2710/16011; C12N2710/16611; C12N2710/16661
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
98 words
A method of generating oxygen in an excited electronic state comprising: (a) providing a solution containing oxygen; (b) adding to said solution an electroactive mediator which assumes an excited electronic state when subjected to light and an electronic field concurrently; (c) directing light into the solution; and (d) simultaneously applying an electric field to the solution, said light and said electric field serving, in combination, for conversion of said electroactive mediator to at least one excited electronic state, the thusly activated electroactive mediator reacting with the oxygen in the solution to produce oxygen in an excited electronic state.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
98 words
A method of generating oxygen in an excited electronic state comprising: (a) providing a solution containing oxygen; (b) adding to said solution an electroactive mediator which assumes an excited electronic state when subjected to light and an electronic field concurrently; (c) directing light into the solution; and (d) simultaneously applying an electric field to the solution, said light and said electric field serving, in combination, for conversion of said electroactive mediator to at least one excited electronic state, the thusly activated electroactive mediator reacting with the oxygen in the solution to produce oxygen in an excited electronic state.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method of generating oxygen in an excited electronic state as claimed in claim 1 wherein the solution is an aqueous solution.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the excited electronic state of oxygen is 1 O 2 .tbd.( 1 Δ) O 2 or ( 1 Σ)O 2 .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the excited electronic state of oxygen is O 2 .
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method of generating oxygen in an excited electronic state according to claim 1 wherein said active component is methylene blue.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method of generating oxygen in an excited electronic state as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one excited electronic state of the active component is a triplet state.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
44 words
A method of generating oxygen in an excited electronic state as claimed in claim 1 further comprising applying said solution to a region of a human body and wherein the electronically excited oxygen is generated, in situ, in said region on the human body.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method of generating oxygen in an excited electronic state as claimed in claim 7 that further includes adding hydrogen peroxide to the site of the excited oxygen generation to enhance secondary free radical formation on said site.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said electroactive mediator is a photoactive dye.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said light is at 600-700 nanometers.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein said electroactive mediator is a photoactive dye.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method of generating oxygen in an excited electronic state as claimed n claim 1, wherein said oxygen-containing solution is a solution of a monomer which polymerizes in the presence of O 2 or OH..
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method of generating oxygen in an excited electronic state as claimed in claim 12 wherein said monomer is methylmethacrylate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
78 words
Apparatus for generating oxygen in an excited electronic state, that comprises, in combination: a solution containing oxygen and an electroactive mediator capable of assuming an excited electronic and electrically reduced state when subjected to light and an electric field concurrently and capable of transferring charge to said oxygen to electrically reduce to oxygen; means for directing light into the solution; and means for simultaneoulsly applying an electric field to the solution for cooperative interaction with said electric field.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
78 words
Apparatus for generating oxygen in an excited electronic state, that comprises, in combination: a solution containing oxygen and an electroactive mediator capable of assuming an excited electronic and electrically reduced state when subjected to light and an electric field concurrently and capable of transferring charge to said oxygen to electrically reduce to oxygen; means for directing light into the solution; and means for simultaneoulsly applying an electric field to the solution for cooperative interaction with said electric field.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
30 words
Apparatus as claimed in claim 14 wherein said active component is methylene blue and wherein the oxygen in the excited electronic and electrically reduced states is the superoxide radical anion.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
13 words
Apparatus as claimed in claim 14 wherein said electroactive mediator is methylene blue.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
57 words
Apparatus as claimed in claim 14 wherein said means for applying an electric field comprises an anode, a cathode and dc electric power source means for imposing a voltage between the anode and the cathode for a predetermined time period to cause an electric current to pass between the anode and the cathode for a predetermined period.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
39 words
A system that includes the apparatus of claim 14 and that further includes means to mix the oxygen in the excited state with a solution containing at least one monomer species to polymerize said at least one monomer species.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said electroactive mediator is a photoactive dye.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
132 words
A method of producing the hydroxyl radical, that comprises: providing a solution containing oxygen and an electroactive mediator capable of assuming an excited electronic state when the solution is subjected to light and an electric field concurrently and, when in said excited electronic state, being capable of activating the oxygen to an excited electronic state; directing light into the solution; and simultaneously applying an electric field across the same region of the solution as is irradiated by the light, said light and said electronic field serving, in combination, to effect activation of the active component to cause the active component to assume an excited electronic state, the thusly excited active component thereafter reacting with the oxygen in the solution to produce oxygen in the excited electronic state and produce the hydroxyl radical.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
132 words
A method of producing the hydroxyl radical, that comprises: providing a solution containing oxygen and an electroactive mediator capable of assuming an excited electronic state when the solution is subjected to light and an electric field concurrently and, when in said excited electronic state, being capable of activating the oxygen to an excited electronic state; directing light into the solution; and simultaneously applying an electric field across the same region of the solution as is irradiated by the light, said light and said electronic field serving, in combination, to effect activation of the active component to cause the active component to assume an excited electronic state, the thusly excited active component thereafter reacting with the oxygen in the solution to produce oxygen in the excited electronic state and produce the hydroxyl radical.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method as claimed in claim 20 that further includes adding to said solution hydrogen peroxide which enhances reactions of oxygen in its excited electronic states to produce the hydroxyl radical.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as claimed in claim 20 wherein said electroactive mediator is a photoactive dye.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method as claimed in claim 20 wherein said electroactive mediator is methylene blue.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein said electroactive mediator is a photoactive dye.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein said electroactive mediator is methylene blue.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method as claimed in claim 20 wherein the excited electronic state of oxygen is 1 O 2 .tbd.( 1 Δ)O 2 or ( 1 ε)O 2 .
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as claimed in claim 20 wherein the excited electronic state of oxygen is O 2 .
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-10-03 | 1987-04-04 | 1987-10-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-10-03 | 1991-04-04 | 1991-10-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-10-03 | 1995-04-04 | 1995-10-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |