US4404263A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Laminated bearing material and process for making the same
Assignee: Glyco Metall Werke Daelen und Loos GmbH
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Filing: 1981-10-16
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Granted: 1983-09-13
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Expires: 2001-10-16
Abstract
Abstract Laminated anti-friction bearing material and process for producing the same. Heterogeneous wire, containing both metallic and non-metallic elements or components, is atomized by an electric current impulse discharge which causes an explosive or sputtering disintegration of the wire, resulting in the materials thereof being sprayed or deposited onto a substrate. The deposited coating can include a matrix formation in its make-up, with discrete anti-friction and other particles, and is characterized by a strong cohesion to the substrate, together with highly desirable sliding properties. The sputtering is accompanied by a controlled oxiding, or a controlled sulfidizing of the sputtered materials, and the sputtering can produce an improved anti-friction layer, and also an improved running-in layer.
Inventors
- 👤 Erich Hodes
- 👤 Michael Steeg
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 20:00
CPC Classifications
C; C23; C23C; C23C14/00; C23C14/06; C23C14/14; C23C14/16; C23C14/165; C23C14/0688; C23C14/12; C23C14/22; C23C14/34; C23C14/3407; C23C14/3414; F; F16; F16C; F16C33/00; F16C33/02; F16C33/04; F16C33/06; F16C33/12; F16C33/14; F16C33/24; F16D; F16D69/00; F16D69/02; F16D69/025; F16C2208/00; F16C2208/02; F16C2208/20; F16C2208/30; F16C2208/32; F16C2208/34; F16C2223/00; F16C2223/30; F16C2223/42; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S384/00; Y10S384/90; Y10S384/907; Y10S384/908; Y10S384/912; Y10S384/913; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/12; Y10T428/12014; Y10T428/12028; Y10T428/12063; Y10T428/12139; Y10T428/12486; Y10T428/12493; Y10T428/12535; Y10T428/12556; Y10T428/12569; Y10T428/12611
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 43
Claim 1
Independent Claim
158 words
Laminated bearing stock comprising, in combination: (a) a substrate structure; (b) a facing layer of material containing a matrix of antifriction substance which is sputtered by electrical discharge from a single, composite metallic target in a gas onto the said substrate structure, (c) said matrix including particles of oxides of at least one metal, (d) said particles being disposed in a fine suspension and constituting less than 1% by volume of said matrix substance, (e) said selected metal and said oxide thereof being such that the volume of the oxide is greater than the volume of the respective metal, (f) said facing layer also containing particles of at least one plastic substance having anti-friction properties, held in said matrix, (g) said plastic substance having a dielectric constant of at most 2.6, and, (h) means effected by said sputtering of the material of the facing layer against said substrate structure, for bonding and cohering the said facing layer thereto.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
158 words
Laminated bearing stock comprising, in combination: (a) a substrate structure; (b) a facing layer of material containing a matrix of antifriction substance which is sputtered by electrical discharge from a single, composite metallic target in a gas onto the said substrate structure, (c) said matrix including particles of oxides of at least one metal, (d) said particles being disposed in a fine suspension and constituting less than 1% by volume of said matrix substance, (e) said selected metal and said oxide thereof being such that the volume of the oxide is greater than the volume of the respective metal, (f) said facing layer also containing particles of at least one plastic substance having anti-friction properties, held in said matrix, (g) said plastic substance having a dielectric constant of at most 2.6, and, (h) means effected by said sputtering of the material of the facing layer against said substrate structure, for bonding and cohering the said facing layer thereto.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, wherein: (a) the facing layer contains particles of PTFE.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, wherein: (a) the facing layer contains particles of FEP.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, wherein: (a) the facing layer contains particles of PVF (polyvinylfluoride).
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, wherein: (a) the facing layer contains particles of PO (polyolefin).
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, wherein: (a) the facing layer contains plastic particles in an amount of at most about 20% by volume.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
38 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, wherein: (a) the facing layer contains a metallic matrix of friction substances, (b) said facing layer also containing particles of ceramic substance having anti-friction properties, held in said matrix.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
50 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, wherein: (a) the facing layer contains particles of diverse metallic substances, and particles of diverse anti-friction substances, (b) said facing layer having a metallic matrix formed of some of said particles, (c) said matrix containing the particles of diverse anti-friction substances.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 8, wherein: (a) the facing layer has particles containing aluminum and lead, which form the metallic matrix.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
25 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 8, wherein: (a) the facing layer has particles containing aluminum and tin, which form the metallic matrix.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 8, wherein: (a) the facing layer has approximately 20% Sn, 1% Cu with the rest constituted of aluminum-containing substance.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
34 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, wherein: (a) the facing layer contains a metallic matrix of the slidebearing alloys formed from the group which includes aluminum, tin, zinc, nickel and copper.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
58 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, wherein: (a) the facing layer comprises an aluminum/tin suspension alloy containing essentially 20% (by weight) of tin, and from 0% to 3% (by weight) of copper with the remainder being aluminum, (b) said facing layer having harder particles in the form of aluminum oxides, incorporated as a fine suspension.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
25 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, wherein: (a) the facing layer has a thickness of between about 0.005 mm and 0.050 mm.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
37 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, wherein: (a) the substrate structure is steel with an interlayer surfacing of bronze metal that has a sputtered diffusion barrier layer containing chromium, which underlies the facing layer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
149 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock constituted of a substrate structure and a sputtered facing layer on the substrate structure which includes the steps of: (a) forming a multi-substance unitary target which contains antifriction metals, (b) providing in said target at least one metallic material for which the oxide of said metal has greater volume than the said metal itself, (c) said facing layer also containing particles of at least one plastic substance having anti-friction properties, held in said matrix, (d) said plastic substance having a dielectric constant of at most 2.6, (e) disposing the said target and the said substrate structure in proximity to each other in a gaseous atmosphere, (f) sputtering the substances of the target onto said substrate structure by an electrical discharge in said gaseous atmosphere, and (e) maintaining a selected low proportion oxygen content within said gaseous atmosphere during said sputtering.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
149 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock constituted of a substrate structure and a sputtered facing layer on the substrate structure which includes the steps of: (a) forming a multi-substance unitary target which contains antifriction metals, (b) providing in said target at least one metallic material for which the oxide of said metal has greater volume than the said metal itself, (c) said facing layer also containing particles of at least one plastic substance having anti-friction properties, held in said matrix, (d) said plastic substance having a dielectric constant of at most 2.6, (e) disposing the said target and the said substrate structure in proximity to each other in a gaseous atmosphere, (f) sputtering the substances of the target onto said substrate structure by an electrical discharge in said gaseous atmosphere, and (e) maintaining a selected low proportion oxygen content within said gaseous atmosphere during said sputtering.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
40 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock according to claim 16, wherein the forming of the target consists of molding a target form of one substance, and adding to the target form another substance which includes solid lubricants.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
43 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 17, wherein said one substance, which is molded, is metallic, and said other substance is a plastic having anti-friction qualities and a dielectric constant of not more than 2.6.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
43 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 17, wherein said one substance, which is molded, comprises an aluminum alloy, and the said other substance is a metal, or metals, selected from the group lead and tin.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 16, wherein the target is a wire formed of sectors of different friction materials some of which include solid lubricants.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 16, wherein the target is compression molded of a mixture of said metals and substances.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 16, wherein the step of sputtering comprises subjecting the target to high-frequency electrical currents.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 16, and including the further step of electrically polarizing the target.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
57 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 16, wherein the target includes metal which is essentially free of oxides, said metal when oxidized forming a substance in which: ##EQU4## and wherein there is the further step of adding gaseous oxygen during the sputtering to effect oxidation of the said metal.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
57 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 16, wherein: (a) the sputtering is done in an atmosphere of controlled gas, and (b) the anti-friction metals are selected from the group which includes aluminum, lead, cadmium, tin, zinc, nickel, and copper, (c) said forming of the target utilizing a casting process.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 16, wherein: (a) the sputtering is done in an atmosphere of controlled gas, and (b) the target is subjected to a combined vacuum/heat treatment prior to the sputtering.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
45 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 16, wherein: (a) the sputtering is done in an atmosphere of controlled gas which contains oxygen, and (b) the target is subjected to heat to de-gas it prior to the sputtering.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 26, wherein: (a) the atmosphere of controlled gas comprises argon.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 16, wherein: (a) the said sputtering step is preceded by sputtering onto the substrate structure a diffusion barrier layer of metal.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 29, wherein: (a) the diffusion barrier layer comprises a nickel/chromium alloy.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 30, wherein: (a) the chromium alloy is about 20% by weight.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 29, wherein: (a) the diffusion barrier layer comprises virtually pure chromium.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process for the manufacture of laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 29, wherein: (a) a separate target is used in applying the diffusion barrier layer, (b) both sputtering steps being carried out in the same atmosphere of controlled gas.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
158 words
Laminated bearing stock comprising, in combination: (a) a substrate structure, (b) a facing layer of material containing a matrix of anti-friction substance which is sputtered by electrical discharge from a single composite metallic target in a gas onto the said substrate structure, (c) said matrix including particles of sulfides of at least one metal, (d) said particles being disposed in a fine suspension and constituting less than 1% by volume of said matrix substance, (e) said selected metal and said sulfide thereof being such that the volume of the sulfide is greater than the volume of the respective metal, (f) said facing layer also containing particles of at least one plastic substance having anti-friction properties, held in said matrix, (g) said plastic substance having a dielectric constant of at most 2.6, and, (h) means effected by said sputtering of the material of the facing layer against said substrate structure, for bonding and cohering the said facing layer thereto.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
158 words
Laminated bearing stock comprising, in combination: (a) a substrate structure, (b) a facing layer of material containing a matrix of anti-friction substance which is sputtered by electrical discharge from a single composite metallic target in a gas onto the said substrate structure, (c) said matrix including particles of sulfides of at least one metal, (d) said particles being disposed in a fine suspension and constituting less than 1% by volume of said matrix substance, (e) said selected metal and said sulfide thereof being such that the volume of the sulfide is greater than the volume of the respective metal, (f) said facing layer also containing particles of at least one plastic substance having anti-friction properties, held in said matrix, (g) said plastic substance having a dielectric constant of at most 2.6, and, (h) means effected by said sputtering of the material of the facing layer against said substrate structure, for bonding and cohering the said facing layer thereto.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
153 words
The process for the manufacturing of laminated bearing stock constituted of a substrate structure and a sputtered facing layer on the substrate structure which includes the steps of: (a) forming a multi-substance unitary target which contains anti-friction metals, (b) providing in said target at least one metallic material for which the sulfide of said metal has greater volume than the said metal itself, (c) said facing layer also containing particles of at least one plastic substance having anti-friction properties, held in said matrix, (d) said plastic substance having a dielectric constant of at most 2.6, (e) disposing the said target and the said substrate structure in proximity to each other in a gaseous atmosphere containing a sulphur compound, (f) sputtering the substances of the target onto said substrate structure by an electrical discharge in said gaseous atmosphere, and (g) maintaining a selected low proportion sulfide content within said gaseous atmosphere during said sputtering.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
153 words
The process for the manufacturing of laminated bearing stock constituted of a substrate structure and a sputtered facing layer on the substrate structure which includes the steps of: (a) forming a multi-substance unitary target which contains anti-friction metals, (b) providing in said target at least one metallic material for which the sulfide of said metal has greater volume than the said metal itself, (c) said facing layer also containing particles of at least one plastic substance having anti-friction properties, held in said matrix, (d) said plastic substance having a dielectric constant of at most 2.6, (e) disposing the said target and the said substrate structure in proximity to each other in a gaseous atmosphere containing a sulphur compound, (f) sputtering the substances of the target onto said substrate structure by an electrical discharge in said gaseous atmosphere, and (g) maintaining a selected low proportion sulfide content within said gaseous atmosphere during said sputtering.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
31 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 1, and further including: (a) a running-in layer sputtered on said facing layer (b) said running-in layer containing a sulfide of a metal.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
20 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 36, wherein: (a) the sulfide of the running-in layer is copper sulfide.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
20 words
Laminated bearing stock as set forth in claim 36, wherein: (a) the sulfide of the running-in layer is molybdenum sulfide.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 35, wherein: (a) the sulphur compound in the gaseous atmosphere is hydrogen sulfide.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-09-12 | 1987-03-14 | 1987-09-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-09-12 | 1991-03-14 | 1991-09-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-09-12 | 1995-03-14 | 1995-09-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |