Illumination system for microscopes

Claim 2

An illumination system for microscopes comprising a light source, a collector lens, an aperture stop arranged in the vicinity of an image of said light source formed by said collector lens, a field stop arranged on the object side of said collector lens between said light source and aperture stop, condenser lens, and relay lens system for high magnification level to be arranged between said aperture stop and said condenser lens so as to form an image of said light source image in the vicinity of the front focal point of said condenser lens for illumination for microscopy at the high magnification level, said illumination system being so adapted as to remove said relay lens system for high magnification level and said condenser lens out of the optical path and arrange a relay lens system for low magnification level so as to locate the front focal point thereof in the vicinity of said light source image for microscopy at a low magnification level, an image of said field stop being formed on an object to be observed by said condenser lens and relay lens system for high magnification level, and said image of said field stop being formed on the object to be observed by said relay lens for low magnification level at the low magnification level.

Claim 3

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 1 wherein said relay lens system for high magnification level is prepared at least in two types exchangeable with each other and said relay lens system for low magnification level is prepared at least in two types exchangeable with each other.

Claim 4

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 2 additionally comprising a field lens arranged in the vicinity of the light source side of said aperture stop and having its front focal point located so as to be nearly coincident with the position of said field stop.

Claim 5

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 3 wherein each of a first and second of said two relay lens systems for high magnification levels consists of three positive lens components, a first of said two relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of a negative lens component and a positive lens component, and a second of said two relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of two positive lens components.

Claim 6

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 4 wherein said collector lens consists of three positive lens elements, said field lens consists of a positive lens element, said condenser lens consists of two positive lens elements, said relay lens system for high magnification levels consist of single-element lens components only, said first relay lens system for low magnification level consists of the negative component composed of a single element and the positive lens component composed of two positive elements and said second relay lens system for low magnification level consists of single-element lens components only, and said illumination system having the following numerical data: ______________________________________ (collector lens) d.sub.0 = 13.9 r.sub.1 = ∞ d.sub.1 = 5.0 n.sub.1 = 1.6228 r.sub.2 = -23.4 d.sub.2 = 0.5 r.sub.3 = ∞ d.sub.3 = 7.0 n.sub.2 = 1.6228 r.sub.4 = -23.4 d.sub.4 = 3.0 r.sub.5 = 52.9 d.sub.5 = 4.0 n.sub.3 = 1.6228 r.sub.6 = ∞ d.sub.6 = 3.0 r.sub.7 = ∞ (field stop) d.sub.7 = 72.0 (field lens) r.sub.8 = ∞ d.sub.8 = 3.0 n.sub.4 = 1.6228 r.sub.9 = -46.7 d.sub.9 = 5.0 r.sub.10 = ∞ (aperture stop) (first relay lens system for high magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = 15.4 d.sub.11 = 3.0 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 20.0 r.sub.13 = 22.2 d.sub.13 = 3.0 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -22.2 d.sub.14 = 44.0 r.sub.15 = ∞ d.sub.15 = 4.0 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = -30.7 d.sub.16 = 3.0 r.sub.17 = ∞ (light source image 1") (condenser lens) d.sub.17 = 3.6 r.sub.18 = 15.14 d.sub.18 = 7.1 n.sub.8 = 1.5163 r.sub.19 = -45.61 d.sub.19 = 0.5 r.sub.20 = 5.77 d.sub.20 = 8.1 n.sub.9 = 1.5688 r.sub.21 = ∞ (second relay lens system for high magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = 23.0 d.sub.11 = 2.5 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 32.5 r.sub.13 = 24.9 d.sub.13 = 4.0 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -24.9 d.sub.14 = 32.5 r.sub.15 = ∞ d.sub.15 = 2.5 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = -23.0 d.sub.16 = 3.0 r.sub.17 = ∞ (light source image 1") (first relay lens system for low magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = -49.8 d.sub.11 = 1.5 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 31.5 r.sub.13 = ∞ d.sub.13 = 3.5 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -49.8 d.sub.14 = 0.5 r.sub.15 = 49.8 d.sub.15 = 3.5 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = ∞ d.sub.16 = 56.5 r.sub.17 = ∞ (object) (second relay lens system for low magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = 62.8 ______________________________________ wherein reference symbols r 1 , r 2 , . . . represent radii of curvature of the surfaces of the respective lenses, reference symbols d 0 , d 1 , d 2 , . . . represent thicknesses of the respective lenses and airspaces, reference symbols n 1 , n 2 , . . . represent refractive indices of the respective lenses.

Claim 7

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 2 wherein each of a first and second of said two relay lens systems for high magnification levels consists of three positive lens components, a first of said two relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of a negative lens component and a positive lens component, and a second of said two relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of two positive lens components.

Claim 8

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 1 additionally comprising a field lens arranged in the vicinity of the light source side of said aperture stop and having its front focal point located so as to be nearly coincident with the position of said field stop.

Claim 9

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 1 wherein said relay lens system for high magnification level is prepared in three types exchangeable with each other and said relay lens system for low magnification level is prepared in three types exchangeable with each other, each of a first, second and third of said three relay lens systems for high magnification levels consists of three positive lens components, a first of said three relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of a negative lens component and a positive lens component, a second of said three relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of two positive lens components and a third of said three relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of a positive lens component, a negative lens component and a positive lens component.

Claim 10

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 1 wherein said illumination system for microscopes additionally comprises a field lens arranged in the vicinity of the light source side of said aperture stop and having its front focal point located so as to be nearly coincident with the position of said field stop and said relay lens system for high magnification level is prepared in three types exchangeable with each other and said relay lens system for low magnification level is prepared in three types exchangeable with each other, each of a first, second and third of said three relay lens systems for high magnification levels consists of three positive lens components, a first of said three relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of a negative lens component and a positive lens component, a second of said three relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of two positive lens components and third of said three relay lens components for low magnification levels consists of a positive lens component, a negative lens component and a positive lens component.

Claim 11

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 9 wherein said collector lens consists of three positive lens elements, said field lens consists of a positive lens element, said condenser lens consists of two positive lens elements, said relay lens systems for high magnification levels consist of single-element lens components only, said first relay lens system for low magnification level consists of the negative lens component composed of a single element and the positive lens component composed of two positive elements, said second relay lens system for low magnification level consists of single-element lens components only, said third relay lens system for low magnification level consists of single-element lens components only, and said illumination system having the following numerical data: ______________________________________ (collector lens) d.sub.0 = 13.9 r.sub.1 = ∞ d.sub.1 = 5.0 n.sub.1 = 1.6228 r.sub.2 = -23.4 d.sub.2 = 0.5 r.sub.3 = ∞ d.sub.3 = 7.0 n.sub.2 = 1.6228 r.sub.4 = -23.4 d.sub.4 = 3.0 r.sub.5 = 52.9 d.sub.5 = 4.0 n.sub.3 = 1.6228 r.sub.6 = ∞ d.sub.6 = 3.0 r.sub.7 = ∞ (field stop) d.sub.7 = 72.0 (field lens) r.sub.8 = ∞ d.sub.8 = 3.0 n.sub.4 = 1.6228 r.sub.9 = -46.7 d.sub.9 = 5.0 r.sub.10 = ∞ (aperture stop) (first relay lens system for high magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = 15.4 d.sub.11 = 3.0 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 20.0 r.sub.13 = 22.2 d.sub.13 = 3.0 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -22.2 d.sub.14 = 44.0 r.sub.15 = ∞ d.sub.15 = 4.0 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = -30.7 d.sub.16 = 3.0 r.sub.17 = ∞0 (light source image 1") (condenser lens) d.sub.17 = 3.6 r.sub.18 = 15.14 d.sub.18 = 7.1 n.sub.8 = 1.5163 r.sub.19 = -45.61 d.sub.19 = 0.5 r.sub.20 = 5.77 d.sub.20 = 8.1 n.sub.9 = 1.5688 r.sub.21 = ∞ (second relay lens system for high magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = 23.0 d.sub.11 = 2.5 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 32.5 r.sub.13 = 24.9 d.sub.13 = 4.0 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -24.9 d.sub.14 = 32.5 r.sub.15 = ∞ d.sub.15 = 2.5 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = -23.0 d.sub.16 = 3.0 r.sub.17 = ∞ (light source image 1") (third relay lens system for high magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = 30.7 d.sub.11 = 4.0 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 44.0 r.sub.13 = 22.2 d.sub.13 = 3.0 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -22.2 d.sub.14 = 20.0 r.sub.15 = ∞ d.sub.15 = 3.0 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = -15.4 d.sub.16 = 3.0 r.sub.17 = ∞ (light source image 1") (first relay lens system for low magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = -49.8 d.sub.11 = 1.5 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub. 12 = 31.5 r.sub.13 = ∞ d.sub.13 = 3.5 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -49.8 d.sub.14 = 0.5 r.sub.15 = 49.8 d.sub.15 = 3.5 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = ∞ d.sub.16 = 56.5 r.sub.17 = ∞ (object) (second relay lens system for low magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = 62.8 d.sub.11 = 2.5 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 69.5 r.sub.13 = ∞ d.sub.13 = 5.0 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -49.8 d.sub.14 = 20.0 r.sub.15 = ∞ (object) (third relay lens system for low magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = 43.3 d.sub.11 = 2.0 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 44.0 r.sub.13 = -46.5 d.sub.13 = 2.0 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = 46.5 d.sub.14 = 44.0 r.sub.15 = ∞ d.sub.15 = 2.0 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = -43.3 d.sub.16 = 3.0 r.sub.17 = ∞ (object) ______________________________________ wherein reference symbols r 1 , r 2 , . . . represent radii of curvature of the surfaces of the respective lenses, reference symbols d 0 , d 1 , d 2 , . . . represent thicknesses of the respective lenses and airspaces, reference symbols n 1 , n 2 , . . . represent refractive indices of the respective lenses.

Claim 12

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 1 wherein said relay lens system for high magnification level is prepared in two types exchangeable with each other and said relay lens system for low magnification level is prepared in three types exchangeable with each other, each of a first and second of said two relay lens systems for high magnification levels consists of two positive lens components, a first of said three relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of a negative lens component and a positive lens component, a second of said three relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of two positive lens components and a third of said three relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of a positive lens component, a negative lens component and a positive lens component.

Claim 13

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 1 wherein said illumination system for microscopes additionally comprises a field lens arranged in the vicinity of the light source side of said aperture stop and having its front focal point located so as to be nearly coincident with the position of said field stop and said relay lens system for high magnification level is prepared in two types exchangeable with each other and said relay lens system for low magnification level is prepared in three exchangeable with each other, each of a first and second of said two relay lens systems for high magnification levels consists of two positive lens components, a first of said three relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of a negative lens component and a positive lens component, a second of said three relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of two positive lens components and a third of said three relay lens systems for low magnification levels consists of a positive lens component, a negative lens component and a positive lens component.

Claim 14

An illumination system for microscopes according to claim 12 wherein said collector lens consists of three positive lens elements, said field lens consists of a positive lens element, said condenser lens consists of two positive lens elements, said first relay lens system for high magnification level consists of the positive lens component composed of two positive elements and the positive lens component composed of a single element, said second relay lens system for high magnification level consists of the positive lens component composed of a single element and the positive lens component composed of two positive elements, said third relay lens system for high magnification level consists of the positive lens component composed of a single element and the positive lens component composed of two positive elements, said first relay lens system for low magnification level consists of the negative lens component composed of a single element and the positive lens component composed of two positive elements, said second relay lens system for low magnification level consists of single-element lens components only, said third relay lens system for low magnification level consists of single-element lens components only, and said illumination system having the following numerical data: ______________________________________ (collector lens) d.sub.0 = 13.9 r.sub.1 = ∞ d.sub.1 = 5.0 n.sub.1 = 1.6228 r.sub.2 = -23.4 d.sub.2 = 0.5 r.sub.3 = ∞ d.sub.3 = 7.0 n.sub.2 = 1.6228 r.sub.4 = -23.4 d.sub.4 = 3.0 r.sub.5 = 52.9 d.sub.5 = 4.0 n.sub.3 = 1.6228 r.sub.6 = ∞ d.sub.6 = 3.0 r.sub.7 = ∞ (field stop) d.sub.7 = 72.0 (field lens) r.sub.8 = ∞ d.sub.8 = 3.0 n.sub.4 = 1.6228 r.sub.9 = -46.7 d.sub.9 = 5.0 r.sub. 10 = ∞ (aperture stop) (first relay lens system for high magnification level) d.sub.10 = 23.0 r.sub.11 = ∞ d.sub.11 = 3.5 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = -21.34 d.sub.12 = 0.5 r.sub.13 = 21.34 d.sub.13 = 3.5 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = ∞ d.sub.14 = 44.0 r.sub.15 = ∞ d.sub.15 = 4.5 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = -21.8 d.sub.16 = 1.0 r.sub.17 = ∞ (light source image 1") (condenser lens) d.sub.17 = 3.6 r.sub.18 = 15.14 d.sub.18 = 7.1 n.sub.8 = 1.5163 r.sub. 19 = -45.61 d.sub.19 = 0.5 r.sub.20 = 5.77 d.sub.20 = 8.1 n.sub.9 = 1.5688 r.sub.21 = ∞ (second relay lens system for high magnification level) d.sub.10 = 1.0 r.sub.11 = 11.8 d.sub.11 = 3.5 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 32.0 r.sub.13 = ∞ d.sub.13 = 3.5 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -24.0 d.sub.14 = 0.5 r.sub.15 = 24.0 d.sub.15 = 3.5 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = ∞ d.sub.16 = 36.0 r.sub.17 = ∞ (light source image 1") (third relay lens system for high magnification level) d.sub.10 = 1.0 r.sub.11 = 21.8 d.sub.11 = 3.0 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 45.0 r.sub.13 = ∞ d.sub.13 = 3.5 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -21.34 d.sub.14 = 0.5 r.sub.15 = 21.34 d.sub.15 = 3.5 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = ∞ d.sub.16 = 23.5 r.sub.17 = ∞ (light source image 1") (first relay lens system for low magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = -49.8 d.sub.11 = 1.5 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 31.5 r.sub.13 = ∞ d.sub.13 = 3.5 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -49.8 d.sub.14 = 0.5 r.sub.15 = 49.8 d.sub.15 = 3.5 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = ∞ d.sub.16 = 56.5 r.sub.17 = ∞ (object) (second relay lens system for low magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = 62.8 d.sub.11 = 2.5 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 69.5 r.sub.13 = ∞ d.sub.13 = 5.0 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = -49.8 d.sub.14 = 20.0 r.sub.15 = ∞ (object) (third relay lens system for low magnification level) d.sub.10 = 3.0 r.sub.11 = 43.3 d.sub.11 = 2.0 n.sub.5 = 1.6228 r.sub.12 = ∞ d.sub.12 = 44.0 r.sub.13 = -46.5 d.sub.13 = 2.0 n.sub.6 = 1.6228 r.sub.14 = 46.5 d.sub.14 = 44.0 r.sub.15 = ∞ d.sub.15 = 2.0 n.sub.7 = 1.6228 r.sub.16 = -43.3 d.sub.16 = 3.0 r.sub.17 = ∞ (object) ______________________________________ wherein reference symbols r 1 , r 2 , . . . represent radii of curvature of the surfaces of the respective lenses, reference symbols d 0 , d 1 , d 2 , . . . represent thicknesses of the respective lenses and airspaces, reference symbols n 1 , n 2 , . . . represent refractive indices of the respective lenses.