Microwave-gamma ray water in crude monitor

Claim 3

A system as described in claim 1 in which the cell means includes a pair of ceramic windows arranged in the cell means so that the radiant energy is transmitted through one ceramic window and received by the receiver means through the other ceramic window.

Claim 4

A system as described in claim 2 in which the transmission means includes klystron means providing microwave output, wave guide means for conducting the microwaves from the klystron means, tuning means for tuning the microwaves, isolator means arranged between the tuning means and the klystron means for preventing feedback of microwaves to the klystron means, means receiving the microwaves for attenuating them, and first antenna means receiving the attenuated microwaves for transmitting the microwave energy through the one ceramic window.

Claim 5

A system as described in claim 3 in which the receiver means includes second antenna means arranged with the other ceramic window for receiving the transmitted energy, a detector coupled with the second antenna means provides a signal corresponding to the received microwave energy, an amplifier connected to the detector amplifies the signal from the detector, and integrating means connected to the amplifier and to the indicating means for providing an integrated signal to the monitor means in accordance with the signal from the amplifier.

Claim 6

A system as described in claim 4 in which the cell means includes a pair of windows arranged in the cell means so that the gamma rays are transmitted through one window through the cell means and passes through the other window to impinge upon the detector means.

Claim 7

A system as described in claim 5 in which the source means includes a source of gamma rays spacially arranged with the cell means so that some of the emitted gamma rays will pass through the one window, and shield means spacially arranged with the gamma ray source for blocking gamma rays emitted by the gamma ray source that do not pass through the one window.

Claim 8

A system as described in claim 6 in which the detector means includes pulse means for providing pulses corresponding to gamma radiation impinging on said pulse means, and discriminator and count rate meter means connected to the pulse means for counting pulses from the pulse means related to a predetermined detected gamma ray energy level and providing a signal corresponding thereto.

Claim 9

A system as described in claim 7 in which the monitor means includes η signal means receiving direct current voltages corresponding to α, L, μ oil , μ g , μ w , I 0 , and I 0y , which are representative of a predetermined attenuation constant, a predetermined length for the path of the gamma rays through the cell means, to the gamma ray attenuation coefficient per unit length for oil, the gamma ray attenuation coefficient per unit length for oil, the gamma ray attenuation coefficient per unit length for gas, the gamma ray attenuation coefficient per unit length for water, the initial microwave energy and the initial gamma ray intensity, and connected to the integrating means and the discriminator and count rate means for providing a signal corresponding to the water/liquid fraction η and in accordance with the received voltages the signals from the integrating means and the discriminator and count rate means and the following equation: η={(1/αL) ln (I.sub.o /I)(μ.sub.oil -μ.sub.g)}/{(1/L) ln (I.sub.oy /I.sub.y)-μ.sub.g -(1/αL)(μ.sub.w -μ.sub.oil) ln (I.sub.o /I)} and, output means connected to the η signal means and receiving a DC voltage corresponding to a value of 1 for providing a signal corresponding to the water/oil fraction in accordance with the η signal and the received voltage and the following equation: water/oil=η/(1-η).

Claim 10

A system as described in claim 8 in which the monitor means also includes recorder means connected to the output means for recording the signal from the output means.

Claim 11

A system as described in claim 8 or 9 in which the monitor means includes readout means connected to the output means for providing a readout of the water/oil fraction in accordance with the output signal.