US4255791A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Signal processing system
Assignee: Harris Corp
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Filing: 1978-12-04
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Granted: 1981-03-10
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Expires: 1998-12-04
Abstract
Abstract An adaptive array signal processing system employs a correlation discriminant operator or signal recognizer. The operation of the signal recognizer is dependent upon noise decorrelation rather than noise filtering, so that an unbiased, although sometimes noisy, measurement of desired signal power can be effected on an instantaneous basis. In the signal recognizer, an input signal, as derived from the summation of a plurality of weighted signal receiver outputs, e.g. antenna voltages, and containing both information and noise, is combined with an a priori reference signal through a time delay multiplication process. The combined or output signal of the signal recognizer contains an information component that is effectively correlated with the information component in the input and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal in the system. Within the adaptive system of the present invention, the signal recognizer is incorporated in a weight control circuit that employs a positive signal feedback network for obtaining an optimal signal-to-noise ratio. Within the weight control circuit, the correlation discriminant operator properties are advantageously employed to cause desired terms, namely, the signal components of interest, to largely retain their correlation properties, while causing the undesired terms, e.g. noise, jamming, etc., to become uncorrelated with other signals, so that a weight control signal that achieves a maximizing of the signal-to-noise ratio can be produced.
Inventors
- 👤 Gayle P. Martin
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 14:01
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04K; H04K3/00; H04K3/20; H04K3/22; H04K3/224; H04K3/228; H01; H01Q; H01Q3/00; H01Q3/26; H01Q3/2605; H01Q3/2611; H01Q3/2617; H04B; H04B1/00; H04B1/69; H04L; H04L27/00; H04L27/10; H04L27/103
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 52
Claim 1
Independent Claim
159 words
In a communication system wherein transmitted signals containing an information component, unknown at a receiver site, are received at said receiver site, said receiver site including signal recovery means for recovering, from among the received signals which include a noise component, said unknown information component absent said noise component, the improvement wherein said signal recovery means includes: an input to which a received signal containing an unknown information component and a noise component is applied; first means for generating a prescribed reference signal the contents of which are defined exclusive of said unknown information component; and second means, coupled to said input and said first means, and exclusive of bandpass filter means, for combining said received signal with said reference signal so as to produce therefrom an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the unknown information component contained in said received signal and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
159 words
In a communication system wherein transmitted signals containing an information component, unknown at a receiver site, are received at said receiver site, said receiver site including signal recovery means for recovering, from among the received signals which include a noise component, said unknown information component absent said noise component, the improvement wherein said signal recovery means includes: an input to which a received signal containing an unknown information component and a noise component is applied; first means for generating a prescribed reference signal the contents of which are defined exclusive of said unknown information component; and second means, coupled to said input and said first means, and exclusive of bandpass filter means, for combining said received signal with said reference signal so as to produce therefrom an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the unknown information component contained in said received signal and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
97 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 1, wherein said second means comprises: third means, coupled to said input and said first means, for multiplying said reference signal by said received signal and producing therefrom a first product signal; fourth means, coupled to said third means, for delaying said first product signal by a prescribed period of time; and fifth means, coupled to said first means and said fourth means, for multiplying the delayed first product signal by said reference signal and producing therefrom a second product signal as said output signal.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
98 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 1, wherein said second means comprises: third means, coupled to said input, for delaying said received signal by a prescribed period of time; fourth means, coupled to said first means, for producing a first product signal representative of the product of said reference signal and the reference signal delayed said prescribed period of time: and fifth means, coupled to said third and fourth means, for multiplying the delayed received signal by said first product signal to produce therefrom a second product signal as said output signal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
57 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 1, wherein said received signal is constituted of a product of a plurality of signals including said unknown information component and said reference signal contains a signal of which said product of a plurality of signals is constituted but exclusive of said unknown information component.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
47 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 1, wherein said transmitted signals contain said unknown information component modulated with a prescribed signal component, and wherein said first means includes means for generating, as said prescribed reference signal, said prescribed modulation signal component.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
37 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 5, wherein said transmitted signals further contain a carrier frequency signal onto which said unknown information component and said prescribed modulation signal component are modulated.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 5, wherein said prescribed modulation signal component comprises a spreading pseudo-noise signal.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
35 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 5, wherein said prescribed modulation signal component comprises a carrier frequency signal the amplitude of which is modulated by said unknown information signal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
35 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 5, wherein said transmitted signals contain a chirped carrier frequency signal, said prescribed modulation signal component corresponding to a constant frequency oscillation signal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
213 words
In a communication system wherein transmitted signals containing an information component, unknown at a receiver site, are received at said receiver site, said receiver site including signal recovery means for recovering, from among the received signals which include a noise component, said unknown information component absent said noise component, the improvement wherein said signal recovery means includes an input to which a received signal containing said unknown information component and a noise component is applied; first means for generating a prescribed reference signal the contents of which are defined exclusive of said unknown information signal; second means, coupled to said input and said first means, for multiplying said prescribed reference signal by said received signal and producing therefrom a first product signal; third means, coupled to said second means and exclusive of a bandpass filter means, for delaying said first product signal by a prescribed period of time; and fourth means, coupled to said first means and said third means, for multiplying the delayed first product signal by said prescribed reference signal and producing therefrom a second product signal as an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the unknown information component contained in said received signal and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
213 words
In a communication system wherein transmitted signals containing an information component, unknown at a receiver site, are received at said receiver site, said receiver site including signal recovery means for recovering, from among the received signals which include a noise component, said unknown information component absent said noise component, the improvement wherein said signal recovery means includes an input to which a received signal containing said unknown information component and a noise component is applied; first means for generating a prescribed reference signal the contents of which are defined exclusive of said unknown information signal; second means, coupled to said input and said first means, for multiplying said prescribed reference signal by said received signal and producing therefrom a first product signal; third means, coupled to said second means and exclusive of a bandpass filter means, for delaying said first product signal by a prescribed period of time; and fourth means, coupled to said first means and said third means, for multiplying the delayed first product signal by said prescribed reference signal and producing therefrom a second product signal as an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the unknown information component contained in said received signal and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
38 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 10, wherein the unknown information component of said received signal includes a spread PSK modulation signal and said prescribed reference signal contains a pseudo-nois sequence signal.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
41 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 10, wherein the unknown information component of said received signal includes an amplitude modulation signal and said prescribed reference signal contains the carrier frequency of said amplitude modulation signal.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
47 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 10, wherein said transmitted signals contain said unknown information component modulated with a prescribed signal component, and wherein said first means includes means for generating, as said prescribed reference signal, said prescribed modulation signal component.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
37 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 13, wherein said transmitted signals further contain a carrier frequency signal onto which said unknown information component and said prescribed modulation signal component are modulated.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
195 words
In a communication system wherein transmitted signals containing an information component, unknown at a receiver site, are received at said receiver site, said receiver site including signal recovery means for recovering, from among the received signals which include a noise component, said unknown information component absent said noise component, the improvement wherein said signal recovery means includes: an input to which a received signal containing the unknown information component and a noise component is applied; first means, coupled to said input, for delaying said received signal by a prescribed period of time and thereby generating a delayed received signal; second means for generating a signal representative of the product of a prescribed reference signal and the reference signal delayed by said prescribed period of time, said prescribed reference signal being defined exclusive of said unknown information signal; and third means, coupled to said first means and said second means, for multiplying the delayed received signal by said product representative signal to thereby produce an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the information component contained in said received signal and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
195 words
In a communication system wherein transmitted signals containing an information component, unknown at a receiver site, are received at said receiver site, said receiver site including signal recovery means for recovering, from among the received signals which include a noise component, said unknown information component absent said noise component, the improvement wherein said signal recovery means includes: an input to which a received signal containing the unknown information component and a noise component is applied; first means, coupled to said input, for delaying said received signal by a prescribed period of time and thereby generating a delayed received signal; second means for generating a signal representative of the product of a prescribed reference signal and the reference signal delayed by said prescribed period of time, said prescribed reference signal being defined exclusive of said unknown information signal; and third means, coupled to said first means and said second means, for multiplying the delayed received signal by said product representative signal to thereby produce an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the information component contained in said received signal and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
45 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 15, wherein the information component of said received signal includes an amplitude modulation signal and said prescribed reference signal contains a sinusoidal signal at twice the carrier frequency of said amplitude modulation signal.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
36 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 15, wherein the information component of said received signal includes a chirp signal and said prescribed reference signal contains a constant frequency oscillation signal.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
42 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 17, wherein said information component of said received signal further includes at least one spread PSK modulation signal and said prescribed reference signal contains at least one pseudo-noise sequence signal.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
46 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 18, wherein said information component of said received signal further includes a plurality of respectively different spread PSK modulation signals and said prescribed reference signal contains a plurality of respectively different pseudo-noise sequence signals.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
33 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 19, wherein said plurality of respectively different pseudo-noise sequence signals are comprised of first and second mutually orthogonal pseudo-noise sequence signals.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
47 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 15, wherein said transmitted signals contain said unknown information component modulated with a prescribed signal component, and wherein said first means includes means for generating, as said prescribed reference signal, said prescribed modulation signal component.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
37 words
An improved signal recovery means in a communication system according to claim 21, wherein said transmitted signals further contain a carrier frequency signal onto which said unknown information component and said prescribed modulation signal component are modulated.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
195 words
In an adaptive signal receiver array containing a plurality of signal receiver elements, a plurality of coefficient weighting circuits respectively coupled to the outputs of said receiver elements, an adder circuit coupled to the outputs of said weighting circuits and a control circuit for adjusting the coefficients of said weighting circuits in accordance with variations in the output of said adder circuit, the improvement wherein said control circuit comprises means for generating weight coefficient adjustment signals by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio of the output of said adder circuit, and wherein the output of said adder circuit is a signal containing an information component and a noise component, and wherein said control circuit includes means for combining the output of said adder circuit with a prescribed reference signal and producing therefrom an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the information component contained in the output of said adder circuit and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal, and wherein said maximizing means includes means for maximizing the ratio of said effectively correlated information component to the noise component contained in the signal output of said adder circuit.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
195 words
In an adaptive signal receiver array containing a plurality of signal receiver elements, a plurality of coefficient weighting circuits respectively coupled to the outputs of said receiver elements, an adder circuit coupled to the outputs of said weighting circuits and a control circuit for adjusting the coefficients of said weighting circuits in accordance with variations in the output of said adder circuit, the improvement wherein said control circuit comprises means for generating weight coefficient adjustment signals by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio of the output of said adder circuit, and wherein the output of said adder circuit is a signal containing an information component and a noise component, and wherein said control circuit includes means for combining the output of said adder circuit with a prescribed reference signal and producing therefrom an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the information component contained in the output of said adder circuit and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal, and wherein said maximizing means includes means for maximizing the ratio of said effectively correlated information component to the noise component contained in the signal output of said adder circuit.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
72 words
The improvement according to claim 23, wherein said control circuit further includes means for correlating the output of said adder circuit with a weighting coefficient adjustment signal, means for multiplying the output of said combining means by the output of said correlating means, and means for subtracting the output of said multiplying means from the output of said adder to thereby produce an error difference signal as said weighting coefficient adjustment signal.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
199 words
In a communication system wherein a transmitted signal is received at a plurality of receiving element at a receiver site, said receiver site including means, coupled to said plurality of receiving elements, for producing a received summation signal representative of the sum of a plurality of received signals, an improved signal processing circuit comprising: an input to which an input signal representative of the sum of a plurality of received signals is applied, said input signal containing a first prescribed component and a second prescribed component; first means, coupled to said input, for receiving said input sum and producing there from an outputsignal representative of the sum of a plurality of signals; second means, coupled to said input, for correlating said input sum with an error signal and generating thereby an output correlation signal; third means, coupled to said first means and said second means, for multiplying the output of said second means by said output sum; and fourth means, coupled to said input and said third means, for subtracting the output of said third means from said input sum to thereby produce said error signal and effectively maximize the ratio of said output sum to said input sum.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
199 words
In a communication system wherein a transmitted signal is received at a plurality of receiving element at a receiver site, said receiver site including means, coupled to said plurality of receiving elements, for producing a received summation signal representative of the sum of a plurality of received signals, an improved signal processing circuit comprising: an input to which an input signal representative of the sum of a plurality of received signals is applied, said input signal containing a first prescribed component and a second prescribed component; first means, coupled to said input, for receiving said input sum and producing there from an outputsignal representative of the sum of a plurality of signals; second means, coupled to said input, for correlating said input sum with an error signal and generating thereby an output correlation signal; third means, coupled to said first means and said second means, for multiplying the output of said second means by said output sum; and fourth means, coupled to said input and said third means, for subtracting the output of said third means from said input sum to thereby produce said error signal and effectively maximize the ratio of said output sum to said input sum.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
33 words
A signal processing circuit according to claim 25, further including means for modifying each of the plurality of signals contained in the sum applied to said input in accordance with said error signal.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
62 words
A signal processing circuit according to claim 25, wherein said first means includes means for combining said input sum signal with a prescribed reference signal to produce therefrom said output sum a first prescribed portion of which is effectively correlated with a first prescribed portion of said input sum and a second prescribed portion of which is uncorrelated with any other signal.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
133 words
In a communication system wherein transmitted signals containing an information component, unknown at a receiver site, are received at said receiver site, said receiver site including signal recovery scheme for recovering, from among the received signals which include a noise component, said unknown information component absent said noise component, the improvement wherein said signal recovery scheme includes the method steps of: (a) generating a prescribed reference signal the contents of which are defined exclusive of said unknown information component; and (b) combining, exclusive of a bandpass filtering operation, said received signal and said reference signal and producing therefrom an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the unknown information component contained in said signal to be processed and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
133 words
In a communication system wherein transmitted signals containing an information component, unknown at a receiver site, are received at said receiver site, said receiver site including signal recovery scheme for recovering, from among the received signals which include a noise component, said unknown information component absent said noise component, the improvement wherein said signal recovery scheme includes the method steps of: (a) generating a prescribed reference signal the contents of which are defined exclusive of said unknown information component; and (b) combining, exclusive of a bandpass filtering operation, said received signal and said reference signal and producing therefrom an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the unknown information component contained in said signal to be processed and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 28, wherein said received signal is constituted of a product of a plurality of signals including said unknown information component.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 28, wherein said received signal includes a spread PSK modulation signal and said prescribed reference signal contains a pseudo-noise sequence signal.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method according to claim 28, wherein the unknown component of said input signal includes an amplitude modulation signal and said prescribed reference signal contains the carrier frequency of said amplitude modulation signal.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
69 words
A method according to claim 28, wherein step (b) comprises the steps of: (b1) multiplying said reference signal by said received signal and producing therefrom a first product signal; (b2) generating a delayed signal by delaying said first product signal by a prescribed period of time; and (b3) multiplying the delayed first product signal by said reference signal and producing therefrom a second product signal as said output signal.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
75 words
A method according to claim 28, wherein step (b) comprises the steps of: (b1) generating a delayed signal by delaying said received signal by a prescribed period of time; (b2) producing a first product signal representative of the product of said reference signal and the reference signal delayed said prescribed period of time; and (b3) multiplying the delayed signal by said first product signal to produce therefrom a second product signal as said output signal.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
168 words
In a communication system wherein transmitted signals containing an information component, unknown at a receiver site, are received at said receiver site, said receiver site including signal recovery scheme for recovering, from among the received signals which include a noise component, said unknown information component absent said noise component, the improvement wherein said signal recovery scheme includes the method steps of: (a) generating a delayed signal by delaying said received signal by a prescribed period of time; (b) generating a first product signal representative of the product of a prescribed reference signal containing a known component of said received signal but exclusive of said unknown component and the reference signal delayed by said prescribed period of time; and (c) generating an output signal by multiplying the delayed signal by said product signal, to thereby produce said output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlted with the unknown information component contained in said received signal and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
168 words
In a communication system wherein transmitted signals containing an information component, unknown at a receiver site, are received at said receiver site, said receiver site including signal recovery scheme for recovering, from among the received signals which include a noise component, said unknown information component absent said noise component, the improvement wherein said signal recovery scheme includes the method steps of: (a) generating a delayed signal by delaying said received signal by a prescribed period of time; (b) generating a first product signal representative of the product of a prescribed reference signal containing a known component of said received signal but exclusive of said unknown component and the reference signal delayed by said prescribed period of time; and (c) generating an output signal by multiplying the delayed signal by said product signal, to thereby produce said output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlted with the unknown information component contained in said received signal and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method according to claim 34, wherein said received signal includes an amplitude modulation signal and said prescribed reference signal contains a sinusoidal signal at twice the carrier frequency of said amplitude modulation signal.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 34, wherein said received signal includes a chirp signal and said prescribed reference signal contains a constant frequency oscillation signal.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method according to claim 36, wherein said received signal further includes at least one spread PSK modulation signal and said prescribed reference signal contains at least one pseudo-noise sequence signal.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method according to claim 37, wherein said received signal further includes a plurality of respectively different spread PSK modulation signals and said prescribed reference signal contains a plurality of respectively different pseudo-noise sequencce signals.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 37, wherein said plurality of respectively different pseudo-noise sequence signals are comprised of first and second mutually orthogonal pseudo-noise sequence signals.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
179 words
In an adaptive signal receiver array containing a plurality of signal receiver elements, a plurality of coefficient weighting circuits respectively coupled to the outputs of said receiver elements, and an adder circuit coupled to the outputs of said weighting circuits and wherein the coefficients of said weighting circuits are adjusted in accordance with variations in the output of said adder circuit, a process for adjusting the weight coefficients by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio of the output of said adder circuit, wherein the output of said adder circuit is a signal containing an information component and a noise component, and wherein said adjusting process includes the steps of combining the output of said adder circuit with a prescribed reference signal and producing therefrom an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the information component contained in the output of said adder circuit and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal, and maximizing the ratio of said effectively-correlated information component to the noise component contained in the signal output of said adder circuit.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
179 words
In an adaptive signal receiver array containing a plurality of signal receiver elements, a plurality of coefficient weighting circuits respectively coupled to the outputs of said receiver elements, and an adder circuit coupled to the outputs of said weighting circuits and wherein the coefficients of said weighting circuits are adjusted in accordance with variations in the output of said adder circuit, a process for adjusting the weight coefficients by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio of the output of said adder circuit, wherein the output of said adder circuit is a signal containing an information component and a noise component, and wherein said adjusting process includes the steps of combining the output of said adder circuit with a prescribed reference signal and producing therefrom an output signal containing an information component that is effectively correlated with the information component contained in the output of said adder circuit and a noise component that is effectively uncorrelated with any other signal, and maximizing the ratio of said effectively-correlated information component to the noise component contained in the signal output of said adder circuit.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
73 words
A process according to claim 40, further including the steps of: generating a correlation signal by the output of said adder circuit with a weighting coefficient adjustment signal, generating a product signal by multiplying said output signal by said correlation signal, generating an error difference signal by subtracting the product signal from the output of said adder and, coupling said error difference signal to said weighting circuits to thereby adjust said weighting coefficients.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
175 words
In a communication system wherein a transmitted signal is received at a plurality of receiving element at a receiver site, said receiver site including means, coupled to said plurality of receiving elements, for producing a received summation signal representative of the sum of a plurality of received signals, an inproved method for controlling the operation of said system so as to maximize said received summation signal with a sequence of signals comprising the steps of: (a) combining said received summation signal with a prescribed reference signal corresponding to a known component of each of said received summation signal and sequence of signals and producing therefrom a summation of said sequence of signals; (b) generating a correlation signal by correlating said received summation signal with an error signal; (c) generating a product signal by multiplying said error signal by said summation of said sequence of signals produced in step (a); and (d) generating a difference signal by subtracting the product signal produced in step (c) from said received summation signal to thereby produce said error signal.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
175 words
In a communication system wherein a transmitted signal is received at a plurality of receiving element at a receiver site, said receiver site including means, coupled to said plurality of receiving elements, for producing a received summation signal representative of the sum of a plurality of received signals, an inproved method for controlling the operation of said system so as to maximize said received summation signal with a sequence of signals comprising the steps of: (a) combining said received summation signal with a prescribed reference signal corresponding to a known component of each of said received summation signal and sequence of signals and producing therefrom a summation of said sequence of signals; (b) generating a correlation signal by correlating said received summation signal with an error signal; (c) generating a product signal by multiplying said error signal by said summation of said sequence of signals produced in step (a); and (d) generating a difference signal by subtracting the product signal produced in step (c) from said received summation signal to thereby produce said error signal.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method according to claim 42, further comprising the step of: (e) modifying each of the plurality of signals of which said received summation signal is comprised in accordance with said error signal produced in step (d).
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