Apparatus for the thermal treatment of organic materials

Claim 1

An apparatus for the thermal treatment of organic material comprising: a horizontally elongated tank having a generally cylindrical bottom and formed with an inner wall of thermally conductive material spaced from an outer wall of thermally insulating material whereby the space between said walls forms a gas-flow passage; a roof hermetically sealed to said tank and defining with said inner wall a chamber for receiving a mass of organic material, said roof being provided with a sealable opening through which said mass can be introduced into said chamber, said tank being formed along the bottom thereof with a sealable outlet for discharging the thermally treated mass; a burner opening into said passage and sustaining flame adapted to generate hot air which traverses said passage along said inner wall to heat said mass; a duct for feeding vapor evolved in said chamber to said burner and to supply said flame with said vapor; a mixer in said chamber for displacing said mass along said inner wall, said mixer being rotatable about a horizontal axis; and temperature-sensing means responsive to the temperature in said chamber for controlling same.

Claim 2

An apparatus for the thermal treatment of organic material comprising: a horizontally elongated tank having a generally cylindrical bottom and formed with an inner wall of thermally conductive material spaced from an outer wall of thermally insulating material whereby the space between said walls forms a gas-flow passage; a roof hermetically sealed to said tank and defining with said inner wall a chamber for receiving a mass of organic material, said roof being provided with a sealable opening through which said mass can be introduced into said chamber, said tank being formed along the bottom thereof with a sealable outlet for discharging the thermally treated mass; a burner opening into said passage and sustaining flame adapted to generate hot air which traverses said passage along said inner wall to heat said mass; a duct for feeding vapor evolved in said chamber to said burner and to supply said flame with said vapor; a mixer in said chamber for displacing said mass along said inner wall, said mixer being rotatable about a horizontal axis; and temperature-sensing means responsive to the temperature in said chamber for controlling same.

Claim 3

An apparatus for the thermal treatment of organic material comprising: a horizontally elongated trunk having a generally cylindrical bottom and formed with an inner wall of thermally conductive material spaced from an outer wall of thermally insulating material whereby the space between said walls forms a gas-flow passage; a roof hermetically sealed to said tank and defining with said inner wall a chamber for receiving a mass of organic material, said roof being provided with a sealable opening through which said mass can be introduced into said chamber, said tank being formed along the bottom thereof with a sealable outlet for discharging the thermally treated mass; a burner opening into said passage and sustaining flame adapted to generate hot air which traverses said passage along said inner wall to heat said mass; a duct for feeding vapor evolved in said chamber to said burner and to supply said flame with said vapor; and a mixer in said chamber for displacing said mass along said inner wall, said mixer being rotatable about a horizontal axis, said burner being provided with a burner chamber having a frustoconically converging mouth terminating at an orifice opening into said passage, and a refractory element adapted to be heated to incandescence by said flame centered in said orifice.

Claim 4

An apparatus for the thermal treatment of organic material comprising: a horizontally elongated trunk having a generally cylindrical bottom and formed with an inner wall of thermally conductive material spaced from an outer wall of thermally insulating material whereby the space between said walls forms a gas-flow passage; a roof hermetically sealed to said tank and defining with said inner wall a chamber for receiving a mass of organic material, said roof being provided with a sealable opening through which said mass can be introduced into said chamber, said tank being formed along the bottom thereof with a sealable outlet for discharging the thermally treated mass; a burner opening into said passage and sustaining flame adapted to generate hot air which traverses said passage along said inner wall to heat said mass; a duct for feeding vapor evolved in said chamber to said burner and to supply said flame with said vapor; and a mixer in said chamber for displacing said mass along said inner wall, said mixer being rotatable about a horizontal axis, said burner being provided with a burner chamber having a frustoconically converging mouth terminating at an orifice opening into said passage, and a refractory element adapted to be heated to incandescence by said flame centered in said orifice.

Claim 5

An apparatus for the thermal treatment of organic material comprising: a horizontally elongated tank having a generally cylindrical bottom and formed with an inner wall of thermally conductive material spaced from an outer wall of thermally insulating material whereby the space between said walls forms a gas-flow passage; a roof hermetically sealed to said tank and defining with said inner wall a chamber for receiving a mass of organic material, said roof being provided with a sealable opening through which said mass can be introduced into said chamber, said tank being formed along the bottom thereof with a sealable outlet for discharging the thermally treated mass; a burner opening into said passage and sustaining flame adapted to generate hot air which traverses said passage along said inner wall to heat said mass; a duct for feeding vapor evolved in said chamber to said burner and to supply said flame with said vapor; and a mixer in said chamber for displacing said mass along said inner wall, said mixer being rotatable about a horizontal axis, said passage being provided with an array of baffles for distributing the hot gas along said inner wall.

Claim 6

An apparatus for the thermal treatment of organic material comprising: a horizontally elongated tank having a generally cylindrical bottom and formed with an inner wall of thermally conductive material spaced from an outer wall of thermally insulating material whereby the space between said walls forms a gas-flow passage; a roof hermetically sealed to said tank and defining with said inner wall a chamber for receiving a mass of organic material, said roof being provided with a sealable opening through which said mass can be introduced into said chamber, said tank being formed along the bottom thereof with a sealable outlet for discharging the thermally treated mass; a burner opening into said passage and sustaining flame adapted to generate hot air which traverses said passage along said inner wall to heat said mass; a duct for feeding vapor evolved in said chamber to said burner and to supply said flame with said vapor; and a mixer in said chamber for displacing said mass along said inner wall, said mixer being rotatable about a horizontal axis, said passage being provided with an array of baffles for distributing the hot gas along said inner wall.

Claim 7

An apparatus for the thermal treatment of organic material comprising: a horizontally elongated tank having a generally cylindrical bottom and formed with an inner wall of thermally conductive material spaced from an outer wall of thermally insulating material whereby the space between said walls forms a gas-flow passage; a roof hermetically sealed to said tank and defining with said inner wall a chamber for receiving a mass of organic material, said roof being provided with a sealable opening through which said mass can be introduced into said chamber, said tank being formed along the bottom thereof with a sealable outlet for discharging the thermally treated mass; a burner opening into said passage and sustaining flame adapted to generate hot air which traverses said passage along said inner wall to heat said mass; a duct for feeding vapor evolved in said chamber to said burner and to supply said flame with said vapor; and a mixer in said chamber for displacing said mass along said inner wall, said mixer being rotatable about a horizontal axis and being provided with outwardly extending vanes at least some of which are formed on one side with ramps for displacing said mass toward said orifice upon rotation of said mixer in one sense, but adapted to mix the mass without an axial pressure thereon upon rotation of the mixer in the opposite sense.

Claim 8

An apparatus for the thermal treatment of organic material comprising: a horizontally elongated tank having a generally cylindrical bottom and formed with an inner wall of thermally conductive material spaced from an outer wall of thermally insulating material whereby the space between said walls forms a gas-flow passage; a roof hermetically sealed to said tank and defining with said inner wall a chamber for receiving a mass of organic material, said roof being provided with a sealable opening through which said mass can be introduced into said chamber, said tank being formed along the bottom thereof with a sealable outlet for discharging the thermally treated mass; a burner opening into said passage and sustaining flame adapted to generate hot air which traverses said passage along said inner wall to heat said mass; a duct for feeding vapor evolved in said chamber to said burner and to supply said flame with said vapor; and a mixer in said chamber for displacing said mass along said inner wall, said mixer being rotatable about a horizontal axis and being provided with outwardly extending vanes at least some of which are formed on one side with ramps for displacing said mass toward said orifice upon rotation of said mixer in one sense, but adapted to mix the mass without an axial pressure thereon upon rotation of the mixer in the opposite sense.