US4173455A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Fire-safe hydrocarbon fuels
Assignee: United States Department of the Army
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Filing: 1978-10-11
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Granted: 1979-11-06
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Expires: 1998-10-11
Abstract
Abstract A stabilized, fire-safe, aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsion prepared by mixing: a diesel fuel; an emulsifier (consisting of oleyl diethanolamide, diethanolamine, and diethanolamine soap of oleic acid) which has been treated with about 0-71/2 of oleic acid. A modified version of this fuel also contains 0-0.5% of an antimisting agent, and water.
Inventors
- 👤 George E. Fodor
- 👤 William D. Weatherford, Jr.
- 👤 Bernard R. Wright
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 19:30
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L10/00; C10L10/02; C10L1/00; C10L1/10; C10L1/32; C10L1/328; C10L1/12; C10L1/1233; C10L1/125; C10L1/14; C10L1/22; C10L1/222; C10L1/2222; C10L1/2225; C10L1/224; F; F02; F02B; F02B3/00; F02B3/06
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
107 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising: (a) 1-17% by volume of water, (b) 2-6% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine, to which emulsifier has been added 0 to 71/2% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, (c) 0-0.5% by weight of an antimist agent with average molecular weight of at least 5 million, and (d) the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
107 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising: (a) 1-17% by volume of water, (b) 2-6% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine, to which emulsifier has been added 0 to 71/2% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, (c) 0-0.5% by weight of an antimist agent with average molecular weight of at least 5 million, and (d) the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
An emulsion in accordance with claim 1 wherein the water droplet sizes are less than 1,400 angstroms.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
72 words
An emulsion in accordance with claim 1 wherein the emulsifier consists of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine, to which emulsifier has been added 0 to 71/2% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
86 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising: 10% by volume water, 6% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine, to which emulsifier has been added 0 to 71/2% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
86 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising: 10% by volume water, 6% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine, to which emulsifier has been added 0 to 71/2% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
84 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 10% by volume water, 6% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine, to which emulsifier has been added 5% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
84 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 10% by volume water, 6% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine, to which emulsifier has been added 5% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
84 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 10% by volume water, 6% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine to which emulsifier has been added, 21/2% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
84 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 10% by volume water, 6% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine to which emulsifier has been added, 21/2% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
84 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 10% by volume water, 5% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight dithanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine to which emulsifier has been added, 21/2% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
84 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 10% by volume water, 5% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight dithanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine to which emulsifier has been added, 21/2% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
91 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 5% by volume water, 2% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine, to which emulsifier has been added, 5% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, 0.2% by weight of an antimist agent, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
91 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 5% by volume water, 2% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine, to which emulsifier has been added, 5% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, 0.2% by weight of an antimist agent, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
91 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 5% water by volume, 3% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine to which emulsifier has been added, 5% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, 0.2% by weight of an antimist agent, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
91 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 5% water by volume, 3% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolamide, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid, 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine to which emulsifier has been added, 5% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, 0.2% by weight of an antimist agent, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
91 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 5% water by volume, 3% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolaminde, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine, to which emulsifier has been added, 21/2% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, 0.2% by weight of an antimist agent, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
91 words
A stabilized aqueous diesel fuel emulsion comprising 5% water by volume, 3% by volume of an emulsifier consisting of at least 60% oleyl diethanolaminde, 8 to 14% by weight diethanolamine soap of oleic acid 16 to 24% by weight free diethanolamine, to which emulsifier has been added, 21/2% by weight oleic acid under conditions causing it to react with an equivalent amount of free diethanolamine, thereby leaving essentially no free oleic acid in the final emulsifier blend, 0.2% by weight of an antimist agent, and the remainder being a diesel fuel.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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US2892694A
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US3527581A
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US4002435A
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-11-05 | 1983-05-07 | 1983-11-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-11-05 | 1987-05-07 | 1987-11-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-11-05 | 1991-05-07 | 1991-11-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |