Method for transportation of viscous hydrocarbons by pipeline

Claim 2

In the transportation of viscous hydrocarbons by pipeline, the improvement which comprises forming an oil-in-water emulsion by inroducing into the pipeline with said hydrocarbons an aqueous solution of an oxyalkylated anionic surfactant wherein the amount of the aqueous solution of the surfactant introduced into the pipeline with the said hydrocarbon ranges from about 8 to about 60 percent by volume based on the volume of the hydrocarbon introduced into the pipeline, wherein the concentration of the said surfactant in the aqueous solution is from about 0.01 to about 2.5 weight percent and wherein the oxyalkylated surfactant is a compound of the formula: R.sub.c O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.r --(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.s --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.t CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 M, wherein R c is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of from 10 to 25 carbon atoms; ##STR8## wherein R d is alkyl of from 8 to 25 carbon atoms, and ##STR9## wherein R e is alkyl of from 8 to 25 carbon atoms; r is an integer of from 2 to about 10; s is an integer of from 1 to about 8; t is an integer of from 2 to about 10, and the sum of r + s + t is not more than 20, wherein at least 60 percent of the oxyalkylene units are oxyethylene units and wherein M is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, lithium and the ammonium ion.

Claim 3

In the transportation of viscous hydrocarbons by pipeline, the improvement which comprises forming an oil-in-water emulsion by introducing into said pipeline with said hydrocarbon an aqueous solution of from about 0.01 to about 2.5 weight percent of an oxyalkylated anionic surfactant and about 0.01 to about 1.0 weight percent of an alkalinity agent selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, wherein the amount of the aqueous solution of the surfactant introduced into the pipeline with the said hydrocarbon ranges from about 8 to about 60 percent by volume based on the volume of the hydrocarbon introduced into the pipeline, wherein the oxyalkylated surfactant is a compound of the formula: R.sub.c O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.r --(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.s --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.t CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 M, wherein R c is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of from 10 to 25 carbon atoms; ##STR10## wherein R d is alkyl of from 8 to 25 carbon atoms and ##STR11## wherein R e is alkyl of from 8 to 25 carbon atoms; r is an integer of from 2 to about 10, s is an integer of from 1 to about 8, t is an integer of from 2 to about 10, the sum of r + s + t is not more than 20, wherein at least 60 percent of the oxyalkylene units are oxyethylene and wherein M is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, lithium and the ammonium ion.

Claim 4

In the transportation of viscous hydrocarbons by pipeline, the improvement which comprises forming an oil-in-water emulsion by introducing into said pipeline with said hydrocarbon an aqueous solution of from about 0.01 to about 2.5 weight percent of an oxyalkylated anionic surfactant and about 0.01 to about 1.0 weight percent of an alkalinity agent selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, wherein the amount of the aqueous solution of the surfactant introduced into the pipeline with the said hydrocarbon ranges from about 8 to about 60 percent by volume based on the volume of the hydrocarbon introduced into the pipeline, wherein the oxyalkylated surfactant is a compound of the formula: R.sub.c O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.r --(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.s --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.t CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 M, wherein R c is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of from 10 to 25 carbon atoms; ##STR10## wherein R d is alkyl of from 8 to 25 carbon atoms and ##STR11## wherein R e is alkyl of from 8 to 25 carbon atoms; r is an integer of from 2 to about 10, s is an integer of from 1 to about 8, t is an integer of from 2 to about 10, the sum of r + s + t is not more than 20, wherein at least 60 percent of the oxyalkylene units are oxyethylene and wherein M is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, lithium and the ammonium ion.