Patent US2516422A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4095583A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Self-contained warming pad
Assignee: CHEM E WATT CORP
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Filing: 1976-11-19
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Granted: 1978-06-20
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Expires: 1996-11-19
Abstract
Abstract A self-contained warming pad characterized by a heating element, an adjacent dose of activating liquid within a frangible container, and a substantially liquid-impervious cover enclosing the element and frangible container and having at least one tortuous air passage therethrough. Features include a cover having thermal insulating qualities, and a frangible container made of a meltable substance having a melting point chosen to control the upper temperatures of the pad. Other features relate to a cover configuration which provides an annular breathing passage, and a porous resilient mass within the pad which provides a substantial breathing capacity. The heating element is preferably an electrochemical element, and most preferably a complex electrochemical element having two cathode layers and one anode layer in a sandwich-like structure.
Inventors
- 👤 Russell H. Petersen
- 👤 Edmund A. Weaver
- 👤 Frederick P. Kober
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 14:17
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61F; A61F7/00; A61F7/02; A61F7/03; A61F2007/0268; A61F2007/0276
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 46
Claim 1
Independent Claim
71 words
A self-contained warming pad comprising: a heating element; a dose of activating liquid adjacent to said element and separate therefrom; a frangible container containing said liquid; and a substantially liquid-impervious covering layer means to enclose said element and said container, said layer means defining at least one tortuous air passage therethrough, whereby said layer means serves both to promote sustained production of heat and to prevent liquid from exiting the pad.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
71 words
A self-contained warming pad comprising: a heating element; a dose of activating liquid adjacent to said element and separate therefrom; a frangible container containing said liquid; and a substantially liquid-impervious covering layer means to enclose said element and said container, said layer means defining at least one tortuous air passage therethrough, whereby said layer means serves both to promote sustained production of heat and to prevent liquid from exiting the pad.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
The pad of claim 1 wherein said frangible container is made of a meltable substance having a melting point such that its heat of fusion can control upper temperatures when activated.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
The pad of claim 1 wherein said cover comprises a layer of thermal insulation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The pad of claim 2 wherein said cover includes a layer of thermal insulation.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
80 words
The pad of claim 1 wherein: said heating element comprises an electrochemical element having an anode layer of an electrochemically active, electrically-conductive, oxidizable material, a cathode layer of an electrochemically active, nonmetallic, reducible material, and a separator layer of porous, absorbent material between said anode and cathode layers, and electrically-conductive connector means extending through said anode, separator and cathode layers to conduct an electric heating current between the anode and cathode layers; and said activating liquid comprises an electrolyte solution.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
31 words
The pad of claim 5 wherein said frangible container is made of a meltable substance having a melting point such that its heat of fusion can control upper temperatures when activated.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The pad of claim 5 wherein said cover comprises a layer of thermal insulation.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The pad of claim 5 wherein said tortuous air passage comprises a peripheral air passage formed near the edge of said cover.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
101 words
The pad of claim 8 wherein said cover is formed of two sheets of heat sealable material, said sheets sealed together by inner and outer annular peripheral seals, said inner seal extending about the element and the container to form a central enclosure therefor, said outer seal extending about and spaced from the inner seal to form said peripheral air passage between the seals, said inner seal defining a first opening in the peripheral passage, to the central enclosure, and said cover defining a second opening in the peripheral passage, to the atmosphere, said first and second openings being peripherally spaced.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
28 words
The pad of claim 5 further including a porous, resilient mass around said heating element and within said cover whereby to provide a breathing capacity inside said cover.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
The pad of claim 6 wherein said cover includes a layer of thermal insulation.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
The pad of claim 6 wherein said tortuous air passage comprises a peripheral air passage formed near the edge of said cover.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
101 words
The pad of claim 12 wherein said cover is formed of two sheets of heat sealable material, said sheets sealed together by inner and outer annular peripheral seals, said inner seal extending about the element and the container for form a central enclosure therefor, said outer seal extending about and spaced from the inner seal to form said peripheral air passage between the seals, said inner seal defining a first opening in the peripheral passage, to the central enclosure, and said cover defining a second opening of the peripheral passage, to the atmosphere, said first and second openings being peripherally spaced.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
The pad of claim 6 further including a porous, resilient mass around said heating element and within said cover whereby to provide a breathing capacity inside said cover.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
22 words
The pad of claim 14 wherein said tortuous air passage comprises a peripheral air passage formed near the edge of said cover.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
101 words
The pad of claim 15 wherein said cover is formed of two sheets of heat sealable material, said sheets sealed together by inner and outer annular peripheral seals, said inner seal extending about the element and the container to form a central enclosure therefor, said outer seal extending about and spaced from the inner seal to form said peripheral air passage between the seals, said inner seal defining a first opening in the peripheral passage, to the central enclosure, and said cover defining a second opening in the peripheral passage, to the atmosphere, said first and second openings being peripherally spaced.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
14 words
The pad of claim 16 wherein said cover comprises a layer of thermal insulation.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
36 words
The pad of claim 5 wherein said electrochemical heating element comprises a five-layered sandwich-like structure including, in order, said cathode layer, said separator layer, said anode layer, a second separator layer and a second cathode layer.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
31 words
The pad of claim 18 wherein said frangible container is made of a meltable substance having a melting point such that its heat of fusion can control upper temperatures when activated.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
14 words
The pad of claim 18 wherein said cover comprises a layer of thermal insulation.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
The pad of claim 18 wherein said tortuous air passage comprises a peripheral air passage formed near the edge of said cover.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
101 words
The pad of claim 21 wherein said cover is formed of two sheets of heat sealable material, said sheets sealed together by inner and outer annular peripheral seals, said inner seal extending about the element and the container to form a central enclosure therefor, said outer seal extending about and spaced from the inner seal to form said peripheral air passage between the seals, said inner seal defining a first opening in the peripheral passage, to the central enclosure, and said cover defining a second opening in the peripheral passage, to the atmosphere, said first and second openings being peripherally spaced.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
28 words
The pad of claim 18 further including a porous, resilient mass around said heating element and within said cover whereby to provide a breathing capacity inside said cover.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
14 words
The pad of claim 19 wherein said cover includes a layer of thermal insulation.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
22 words
The pad of claim 19 wherein said tortuous air passage comprises a peripheral air passage formed near the edge of said cover.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
101 words
The pad of claim 25 wherein said cover is formed of two sheets of heat sealable material, said sheets sealed together by inner and outer annular peripheral seals, said inner seal extending about the element and the container to form a central enclosure therefor, said outer seal extending about and spaced from the inner seal to form said peripheral air passage between the seals, said inner seal defining a first opening in the peripheral passage, to the central enclosure, and said cover defining a second opening of the peripheral passage, to the atmosphere, said first and second openings being peripherally spaced.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
28 words
The pad of claim 19 further including a porous, resilient mass around said heating element and within said cover whereby to provide a breathing capacity inside said cover.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
22 words
The pad of claim 27 wherein said tortuous air passage comprises a peripheral air passage formed near the edge of said cover.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
101 words
The pad of claim 28 wherein said cover is formed of two sheets of heat sealable material, said sheets sealed together by inner and outer annular peripheral seals, said inner seal extending about the element and the container to form a central enclosure therefor, said outer seal extending about and spaced from the inner seal to form said peripheral air passage between the seals, said inner seal defining a first opening in the peripheral passage, to the central enclosure, and said cover defining a second opening in the peripheral passage, to the atmosphere, said first and second openings being peripherally spaced.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
13 words
The pad of claim 29 wherein saidcover comprises a layer of thermal insulation.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
60 words
A self-contained warming pad comprising: a heating element; a dose of activating liquid adjacent to said element and separate therefrom; a frangible container containing said liquid; and a substantially liquid-impervious cover enclosing said element and said container and defining at least one tortuous air passage therethrough, said passage comprising a peripheral air passage formed near the edge of said cover.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
60 words
A self-contained warming pad comprising: a heating element; a dose of activating liquid adjacent to said element and separate therefrom; a frangible container containing said liquid; and a substantially liquid-impervious cover enclosing said element and said container and defining at least one tortuous air passage therethrough, said passage comprising a peripheral air passage formed near the edge of said cover.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
100 words
The pad of claim 31 wherein said cover is formed of two sheets of sealable material, said sheets sealed together by inner and outer annular peripheral seals, said inner seal extending about the element and the container to form a central enclosure therefor, said outer seal extending about and spaced from the inner seal to form said peripheral air passage between the seals, said inner seal defining a first opening in the peripheral passage, to the central enclosure, and said cover defining a second opening in the peripheral passage, to the atmosphere, said first and second openings being peripherally spaced.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
64 words
A self-contained warming pad comprising: a heating element; a dose of activating liquid adjacent to said element and separate therefrom; a frangible container containing said liquid; a substantially liquid-impervious cover enclosing said element and said container and defining at least one tortuous air passage therethrough; and a porous resilient mass adjacent to said heating element whereby to provide a breathing capacity inside said cover.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
64 words
A self-contained warming pad comprising: a heating element; a dose of activating liquid adjacent to said element and separate therefrom; a frangible container containing said liquid; a substantially liquid-impervious cover enclosing said element and said container and defining at least one tortuous air passage therethrough; and a porous resilient mass adjacent to said heating element whereby to provide a breathing capacity inside said cover.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
18 words
The pad of claim 33 wherein said porous resilient mass is around said heating element within said cover.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
85 words
A self-contained warming pad comprising: a heating element; a dose of activating liquid adjacent to said element and separate therefrom; a frangible container containing said liquid, said container being made of a meltable substance having a melting point such that its heat of fusion can control pad upper temperatures when activated; and a substantially liquid-impervious cover enclosing said element and said container and defining at least one tortuous air passage therethrough, said passage comprising a peripheral air passage formed near the edge of said cover.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
85 words
A self-contained warming pad comprising: a heating element; a dose of activating liquid adjacent to said element and separate therefrom; a frangible container containing said liquid, said container being made of a meltable substance having a melting point such that its heat of fusion can control pad upper temperatures when activated; and a substantially liquid-impervious cover enclosing said element and said container and defining at least one tortuous air passage therethrough, said passage comprising a peripheral air passage formed near the edge of said cover.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
101 words
The pad of claim 35 wherein said cover is formed of two sheets of heat sealable material, said sheets sealed together by inner and outer annular peripheral seals, said inner seal extending about the element and the container to form a central enclosure therefor, said outer seal extending about and spaced from the inner seal to form said peripheral air passage between the seals, said inner seal defining a first opening in the peripheral passage, to the central enclosure, and said cover defining a second opening of the peripheral passage, to the atmosphere, said first and second openings being peripherally spaced.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
89 words
A self-contained warming pad comprising: a heating element; a dose of activating liquid adjacent to said element and separate therefrom; a frangible container containing said liquid, said container being made of a meltable substance having a melting point such that its heat of fusion can control pad upper temperatures when activated; a substantially liquid-impervious cover enclosing said element and said container and defining at least one tortuous air passage therethrough; and a porous resilient mass adjacent to said heating element whereby to provide a breathing capacity inside said cover.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
89 words
A self-contained warming pad comprising: a heating element; a dose of activating liquid adjacent to said element and separate therefrom; a frangible container containing said liquid, said container being made of a meltable substance having a melting point such that its heat of fusion can control pad upper temperatures when activated; a substantially liquid-impervious cover enclosing said element and said container and defining at least one tortuous air passage therethrough; and a porous resilient mass adjacent to said heating element whereby to provide a breathing capacity inside said cover.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
18 words
The pad of claim 37 wherein said porous resilient mass is around said heating element within said cover.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
22 words
The pad of claim 38 wherein said tortuous air passage comprises a peripheral air passage formed near the edge of said cover.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
101 words
The pad of claim 34 wherein said cover is formed of two sheets of heat sealable material, said sheets sealed together by inner and outer annular peripheral seals, said inner seal extending about the element and the container to form a central enclosure therefor, said outer seal extending about and spaced from the inner seal to form said peripheral air passage between the seals, said inner seal defining a first opening in the peripheral passage, to the central enclosure, and said cover defining a second opening in the peripheral passage, to the atmosphere, said first and second openings being peripherally spaced.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
14 words
The pad of claim 40 wherein said cover comprises a layer of thermal insulation.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-06-19 | 1981-12-19 | 1982-06-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-06-19 | 1985-12-19 | 1986-06-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-06-19 | 1989-12-19 | 1990-06-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |