US4044193A — Finely particulated colloidal platinum compound a…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 66 words

In a fuel cell and the like, a catalytic electrode comprising an electrically conductive high surface area substrate on which has been deposited platinum particles of the order of substantially 15 to 25 Angstroms in particle size and in which said particles are formed from one of an oxidative decomposition of a platinum complex comprising an oxidizable ligand, and hydrolysis of a non-complex platinum salt solution.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 66 words

In a fuel cell and the like, a catalytic electrode comprising an electrically conductive high surface area substrate on which has been deposited platinum particles of the order of substantially 15 to 25 Angstroms in particle size and in which said particles are formed from one of an oxidative decomposition of a platinum complex comprising an oxidizable ligand, and hydrolysis of a non-complex platinum salt solution.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 37 words

In a fuel cell and the like, a catalytic electrode as claimed in 1 and in which the platinum loads the electrode surface in the range of from substantially 0.04 milligrams/cm 2 to 0.5 milligrams/cm 2 .

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 55 words

In a fuel cell and the like, a catalytic electrode comprising an electrically-conducting high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited substantially uniformly platinum particles having a particle size substantially in the range of 15 to 25 Angstroms and being formed from the oxidative decomposition of a platinum complex comprising an oxidizable ligand.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 55 words

In a fuel cell and the like, a catalytic electrode comprising an electrically-conducting high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited substantially uniformly platinum particles having a particle size substantially in the range of 15 to 25 Angstroms and being formed from the oxidative decomposition of a platinum complex comprising an oxidizable ligand.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 34 words

In a fuel cell and the like, a catalytic electrode as claimed as in claim 3 and in which said complex is selected from the group consisting of platinum sulfite and platinum nitrite complexes.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 27 words

In a fuel cell and the like, a catalytic electrode as claimed in claim 4 and in which said particles are reduced subsequent to said oxidative decomposition.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 38 words

In a fuel cell and the like, a catalytic electrode as claimed in claim 4 and in which the platinum loads the electrode surface in the range of from substantially 0.04 milligrams/cm 2 to 0.5 milligrams/cm 2 .

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 38 words

In a fuel cell and the like, a catalytic electrode as claimed in claim 4 and in which said platinum sulfite complex is the compound having the composition corresponding substantially to H 3 Pt(SO 3 ) 2 OH.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 108 words

A fuel cell comprising a catalytic electrode having an electrically-conducting high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited substantially uniformly platinum particles having a particle size substantially in the range of 15 to 25 Angstroms and formed from the oxidative decomposition of a platinum complex comprising an oxidizable ligand, said complex being selected from the group consisting of platinum sulfite and platinum nitrite complexes and said particles being reduced subsequent to said oxidative decomposition, said fuel cell being a phosphoric acid electrolyte fuel cell with air-hydrogen electrode supply means, and said electrode being provided with means for enabling the drawing of current flowing through the cell.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 108 words

A fuel cell comprising a catalytic electrode having an electrically-conducting high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited substantially uniformly platinum particles having a particle size substantially in the range of 15 to 25 Angstroms and formed from the oxidative decomposition of a platinum complex comprising an oxidizable ligand, said complex being selected from the group consisting of platinum sulfite and platinum nitrite complexes and said particles being reduced subsequent to said oxidative decomposition, said fuel cell being a phosphoric acid electrolyte fuel cell with air-hydrogen electrode supply means, and said electrode being provided with means for enabling the drawing of current flowing through the cell.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 34 words

A fuel cell as claimed in claim 8 and in which said electrode is a catalytic anode, and in which said air-hydrogen electrode supply means comprise a source of hydrogen containing carbon monoxide impurity.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 30 words

A fuel cell as claimed in claim 9 wherein said catalytic anode has a platinum loading in the range of from substantially 0.04 milligrams/cm 2 to 0.25 milligrams/cm 2 .

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 20 words

A fuel cell as claimed in claim 8 and in which the said carbon is composited with fluorinated hydrocarbon polymer.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 73 words

In the method of preparing electrodes for fuel cells and the like comprising platinum-on-carbon electro-catalyst, the steps of providing aqueous colloidal platinum-containing sol having an average platinum particle size substantially of the order of 15-25 Angstroms, depositing said platinum contained in said sol on an electrically-conducting carbon substrate, and controlling the depositing to cause the carbon to nucleate the deposit and limit the formation of platinum particles on said carbon to said size.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 73 words

In the method of preparing electrodes for fuel cells and the like comprising platinum-on-carbon electro-catalyst, the steps of providing aqueous colloidal platinum-containing sol having an average platinum particle size substantially of the order of 15-25 Angstroms, depositing said platinum contained in said sol on an electrically-conducting carbon substrate, and controlling the depositing to cause the carbon to nucleate the deposit and limit the formation of platinum particles on said carbon to said size.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 96 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode comprising a platinum-on-carbon electrocatalyst, said electrode being produced by a process including the steps of oxidizing the ligand of a complex platinum compound comprising an oxidizable ligand to substantially non-complexing products by means of a non-complexing oxidant, producing therefrom an aqueous dispersion comprising the products of said oxidation, depositing the platinum compound contained in said dispersion on an electrically conducting carbon substrate, and decomposing said platinum compound thereon, thereby forming platinum particles on said carbon having an average particle size of the order of substantially 15-25 Angstroms.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 96 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode comprising a platinum-on-carbon electrocatalyst, said electrode being produced by a process including the steps of oxidizing the ligand of a complex platinum compound comprising an oxidizable ligand to substantially non-complexing products by means of a non-complexing oxidant, producing therefrom an aqueous dispersion comprising the products of said oxidation, depositing the platinum compound contained in said dispersion on an electrically conducting carbon substrate, and decomposing said platinum compound thereon, thereby forming platinum particles on said carbon having an average particle size of the order of substantially 15-25 Angstroms.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 31 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode produced by the process of claim 13 wherein said complex platinum compound is platinum sulfite and it is subjected to air oxidation.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 33 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode produced by the process of claim 14 wherein said complex platinum sulfite contains groups of (OH) and H 3 Pt(SO 3 ) 2 .

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 27 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode produced by the process of claim 14 wherein said air oxidation is carried out at about 135° C.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 39 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode produced by the process of claim 13 wherein said dispersion contains the product of said complex platinum sulfite and a non-complexing oxidant, said oxidation being carried out in said dispersion.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 33 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode produced by the process of claim 17 wherein said oxidant is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and persulfuric acid.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 50 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode produced by the process of claim 17 wherein said complex platinum sulfite is selected from the group of compounds having substantially the composition of Na 6 Pt(SO 3 ) 4 and H 3 Pt(SO 3 ) 2 OH and mixtures thereof.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 45 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode produced by the process of claim 17 wherein said complex platinum sulfite is the compound having the composition of Na 6 Pt(SO 3 ) 4 and wherein said compound is in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 27 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode produced by the process of claim 19 wherein said oxidation is effected with H 2 0 2 .

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 33 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode produced by the process of claim 13 wherein said oxidation is carried out in the presence of said carbon substrate in finely divided form.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 40 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode produced by the process of claim 13 wherein said complex platinum compound is formed in said dispersion by reacting a solution of chloroplatinic acid and the like with a sulfiting agent.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 38 words

In a fuel cell and the like, an electrode produced by the process of claim 23 wherein said oxidation is effected thermally in air, and said decomposing following depositing on the carbon is effected by reducing the same.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 61 words

In a fuel cell and the like, a catalytic electrode comprising an electrically conductive high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited platinum particles of the order of substantially 15 to 25 Angstroms in particle size and in which said platinum loads the electrode surface in the range of from substantially 0.04 milligrams/cm 2 to 0.5 milligrams/cm 2 .

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 61 words

In a fuel cell and the like, a catalytic electrode comprising an electrically conductive high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited platinum particles of the order of substantially 15 to 25 Angstroms in particle size and in which said platinum loads the electrode surface in the range of from substantially 0.04 milligrams/cm 2 to 0.5 milligrams/cm 2 .

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 98 words

A fuel cell comprising a catalytic cathode electrode having an electrically conductive high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited platinum particles substantially of the order of 15 to 25 Angstroms in particle size, said electrode having an electrode surface platinum loading within the range of from substantially 0.04 milligrams/cm 2 to 0.5 milligrams/cm 2 , said fuel cell being an air-hydrogen high temperature fuel cell with a phosphoric acid electrolyte and being capable of producing in excess of 100 Amperes per square foot of electrode area at a cell voltage of at least 0.5 volts.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 98 words

A fuel cell comprising a catalytic cathode electrode having an electrically conductive high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited platinum particles substantially of the order of 15 to 25 Angstroms in particle size, said electrode having an electrode surface platinum loading within the range of from substantially 0.04 milligrams/cm 2 to 0.5 milligrams/cm 2 , said fuel cell being an air-hydrogen high temperature fuel cell with a phosphoric acid electrolyte and being capable of producing in excess of 100 Amperes per square foot of electrode area at a cell voltage of at least 0.5 volts.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 21 words

A fuel cell as claimed in claim 26 and in which the platinized carbon is admixed with a fluorinated hydrocarbon polymer.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 107 words

A fuel cell comprising a catalytic anode electrode having an electrically conductive high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited platinum particles substantially of the order of 15 to 25 Angstroms in particle size, said electrode having an electrode surface platinum loading within the range of from substantially 0.04 milligrams/cm 2 to 0.5 milligrams/cm 2 , said fuel cell being an air-hydrogen high temperature fuel cell with a phosphoric acid electrolyte, said hydrogen comprising carbon monoxide impurity, and said fuel cell being capable of producing in excess of 100 Amperes per square foot of electrode area at a cell voltage of at least 0.5 volts.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 107 words

A fuel cell comprising a catalytic anode electrode having an electrically conductive high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited platinum particles substantially of the order of 15 to 25 Angstroms in particle size, said electrode having an electrode surface platinum loading within the range of from substantially 0.04 milligrams/cm 2 to 0.5 milligrams/cm 2 , said fuel cell being an air-hydrogen high temperature fuel cell with a phosphoric acid electrolyte, said hydrogen comprising carbon monoxide impurity, and said fuel cell being capable of producing in excess of 100 Amperes per square foot of electrode area at a cell voltage of at least 0.5 volts.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 21 words

A fuel cell as claimed in claim 28 and in which the platinized carbon is admixed with a fluorinated hydrocarbon polymer.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 89 words

A fuel cell as claimed in claim 28, and in which said fuel cell comprises a catalytic cathode having an electrically conductive high surface area carbon substrate on which substrate has been deposited platinum particles substantially of the order of 15 to 25 Angstroms in particle size, the platinum loading of the cathode surface being within the range of from substantially 0.04 milligrams/cm 2 to 0.5 milligrams/cm 2 , said fuel cell having connected thereto fuel and oxidant supply means and means for enabling drawing current through the cell.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 30 words

A fuel cell as claimed in claim 26 and in which means is provided for operating said cathode electrode at a temperature of from substantially 135° to substantially 190° C.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 30 words

A fuel cell as claimed in claim 28 and in which means is provided for operating said anode electrode at a temperature of from substantially 170° to substantially 190° C.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 70 words

A fuel cell comprising a catalytic electrode having an electrically conductive high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited platinum particles of the order of substantially 15 to 25 Angstroms in particle size and formed from a complex platinum sulfite selected from the group of compounds having substantially the composition of Na 6 Pt(SO 3 ) 4 and H 3 Pt(SO 3 ) 2 OH and mixtures thereof.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 70 words

A fuel cell comprising a catalytic electrode having an electrically conductive high surface area carbon substrate on which has been deposited platinum particles of the order of substantially 15 to 25 Angstroms in particle size and formed from a complex platinum sulfite selected from the group of compounds having substantially the composition of Na 6 Pt(SO 3 ) 4 and H 3 Pt(SO 3 ) 2 OH and mixtures thereof.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 37 words

A fuel cell as claimed in claim 33 and in which said fuel cell comprises an additional electrode, an electrolyte, fuel and oxidant supply means, and means for enabling the drawing of current flowing through the cell.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1980-08-22	1981-02-21	1981-08-23	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1984-08-22	1985-02-21	1985-08-23	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1988-08-22	1989-02-21	1989-08-23	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Finely particulated colloidal platinum compound and sol for producing the same, and method of preparation of fuel cell electrodes and the like employing the same

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