Material layer volume determination

Claim 2

For use in measuring the approximate volume of a constituent material layer in a centrifuged material mixture having at least first and second adjacent material layers of different densities, an apparatus comprising: a tube the bore of which is of substantially constant diameter for containing the centrifuged material mixture; and a volume-occupying mass disposed within the bore in said tube, said mass comprising an axially elongated body formed of a resinous material which sinks through the layer of lesser density but is buoyant upon the layer of greater density, said body having an outside diameter which is sufficiently smaller than the tube bore diameter to form a free space means between said body and said tube bore operable to reduce the available free volume within said tube which substantially all of the layer of lesser density will occupy to axially expand the extent of the layer of lesser density by a multiple of at least about four.

Claim 3

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said tube is a capillary tube open at both ends for drawing by capillary action a sample of the material mixture.

Claim 4

The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the ends of said capillary tube are inwardly crimped to retain said mass in said tube.

Claim 5

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said body is a generally cylindrical body having its axis substantially coincidental with the axis of said tube.

Claim 6

The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said cylindrical body includes at least one axially extending groove in its outer side surface which the layer of lesser density occupies.

Claim 7

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said body has an outer side surface shaped to form means for providing non-linear axial expansion of the layer of lesser density.

Claim 8

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said body has an outer side surface shaped to form means for providing multiphase linear axial expansion of the layer of lesser density.

Claim 9

The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising colored particulate material of different densities and secured in a cluster to an inner surface of said tube by means of an adhesive material which is soluble in the material being measured, said particulate material being operable to settle into particular interphases between adjacent layers of different density to sharply demarcate the interphases.

Claim 10

For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in a centrifuged sample of whole anti-coagulated blood, an apparatus comprising: a transparent tube for containing the centrifuged blood sample; at least one volume-occupying body formed from a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and disposed in said tube, said body being elongated along an axis which is substantially coincidental with the tube axis, said body being buoyant upon the red cell layer of the centrifuged blood sample, and said body being sufficiently movable within the tube so as to settle onto the red cell layer during centrifugation, said body being radially sized so as to form completely externally of said body a constricted free volume means adjacent to an inner surface of said tube and visible therethrough which constricted free volume means is operative to receive and axially elongate, by a multiple of at least about four, the extent of substantially all of the white cell and platelet layer.

Claim 11

For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in a centrifuged sample of whole anti-coagulated blood, an apparatus comprising: a transparent tube for containing the centrifuged blood sample; at least one volume-occupying body formed from a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and disposed in said tube, said body being elongated along an axis which is substantially coincidental with the tube axis, said body being buoyant upon the red cell layer of the centrifuged blood sample, and said body being sufficiently movable within the tube so as to settle onto the red cell layer during centrifugation, said body being radially sized so as to form completely externally of said body a constricted free volume means adjacent to an inner surface of said tube and visible therethrough which constricted free volume means is operative to receive and axially elongate, by a multiple of at least about four, the extent of substantially all of the white cell and platelet layer.

Claim 12

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said tube is a capillary tube open at both ends for drawing a blood sample.

Claim 13

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the ends of said capillary tube are radially inwardly crimped to retain said body in said tube.

Claim 14

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said body is a generally cylindrical body.

Claim 15

The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said cylindrical body has at least one axially extending groove in its side wall forming at least a part of said free volume means.

Claim 16

The appartus of claim 10, wherein said body has a side surface shaped to form a free volume means operative to provide non-linear axial elongation of the extent of the white cell and platelet layer.

Claim 17

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said body has a side surface shaped to form a free volume means operative to provide multi-phase linear axial elongation of the extent of the white cell and platelet layer.

Claim 18

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said free volume means is operative to provide axial elongation of the white cell and platelet layer of a multiple in the range of about five to about fifteen and further comprising a stain in said tube which is selectively absorbed by the white cell component cells and the platelets to provide a differential buffy layer count.

Claim 19

The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising colored particulate material of at least two distinctly different densities, said particulate material being adhered together and adhered to a surface within said tube by an adhesive which is soluble in blood, and said particulate material providing means for demarcating at least two different interphases between adjacent sub-component layers in the buffy layer.

Claim 20

For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in the buffy layer of a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising a transparent capillary tube for containing the centrifuged blood sample; and volume-occupying means formed from a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and disposed in said tube and buoyant upon the red cell constituent of the centrifuged sample for forming a free volume means which is visible through the tube and which is adjacent to the red cell constituent for receiving substantially all of the buffy layer constituent and for axially elongating the distance between the upper and lower menisci of the buffy layer by a multiple of at least abour four.

Claim 21

For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in the buffy layer of a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising a transparent capillary tube for containing the centrifuged blood sample; and volume-occupying means formed from a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and disposed in said tube and buoyant upon the red cell constituent of the centrifuged sample for forming a free volume means which is visible through the tube and which is adjacent to the red cell constituent for receiving substantially all of the buffy layer constituent and for axially elongating the distance between the upper and lower menisci of the buffy layer by a multiple of at least abour four.

Claim 22

The apparatus of claim 18, wherein said volume-occupying means is a generally cylindrical body having its axis substantially coincidental with the tube axis.

Claim 23

The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said free volume means is operative to elongate said distance by a multiple in the range of about five to about fifteen.

Claim 24

The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising a stain in said tube which is selectively absorbed to different degrees by the different cell types in the buffy layer to provide for a differential buffy layer count.

Claim 25

The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising colored particulate material of at least two distinctly different densities adhered to a surface within said tube by an adhesive which is soluble in blood, said particulate material providing means for demarcating at least two different interphases between adjacent layers of different cell types in the buffy layer.

Claim 26

For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising a capillary tube for containing the centrifuged blood sample; and volume-occupying means formed from a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and disposed in said tube and buoyant upon the red cell layer of the centrifuged sample, said volume-occupying means being operable to reduce the free volume within the tube available for containment of substantially all of the white cell and platelet layer by a multiple of at least about 0.75.

Claim 27

For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising a capillary tube for containing the centrifuged blood sample; and volume-occupying means formed from a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and disposed in said tube and buoyant upon the red cell layer of the centrifuged sample, said volume-occupying means being operable to reduce the free volume within the tube available for containment of substantially all of the white cell and platelet layer by a multiple of at least about 0.75.

Claim 28

For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising: a transparent capillary tube for receiving and containing the sample of blood to be centrifuged; a volume-occupying mass disposed within said capillary tube and forming with the bore thereof a free space means which is visible through the tube and is operable to receive and axially elongate substantially all of the white cell and platelet layer of the blood sample by a multiple of at least about four, aid volume-occupying mass being formed of a material which has a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and is buoyant upon the red cell layer of the blood sample after centrifugation thereof; and an adhesive material securing said volume-occupying mass to an inner surface of the tube, said adhesive material being soluble in blood.

Claim 29

For use in measuring the approximate white cell and platelet count in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising: a transparent capillary tube for receiving and containing the sample of blood to be centrifuged; a volume-occupying mass disposed within said capillary tube and forming with the bore thereof a free space means which is visible through the tube and is operable to receive and axially elongate substantially all of the white cell and platelet layer of the blood sample by a multiple of at least about four, aid volume-occupying mass being formed of a material which has a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and is buoyant upon the red cell layer of the blood sample after centrifugation thereof; and an adhesive material securing said volume-occupying mass to an inner surface of the tube, said adhesive material being soluble in blood.

Claim 30

For use in measuring the approximate differential white cell and platelet count in the buffy layer in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulate whole blood, an apparatus comprising: a capillary tube for drawing and containing the sample of blood to be centrifuged; an axially elongated body disposed in said tube to occupy space therein normally available to the buffy layer, said body being formed of a material which has a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and is buoyant upon the red cell layer of the centrifuged blood sample, said body combining with said tube to form a free space means in which substantially all of the buffy layer is disposed with said free space means being operable to elongate the axial extent of the buffy layer by a multiple in the range of about five to about fifteen; and a stain in said tube which stain is absorbed to differing degrees by the several constituent white cell types and the platelets to form within the buffy layer, sub-layers of white cell types and platelets distinguishable by differential coloring.

Claim 31

For use in measuring the approximate differential white cell and platelet count in the buffy layer in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulate whole blood, an apparatus comprising: a capillary tube for drawing and containing the sample of blood to be centrifuged; an axially elongated body disposed in said tube to occupy space therein normally available to the buffy layer, said body being formed of a material which has a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc and is buoyant upon the red cell layer of the centrifuged blood sample, said body combining with said tube to form a free space means in which substantially all of the buffy layer is disposed with said free space means being operable to elongate the axial extent of the buffy layer by a multiple in the range of about five to about fifteen; and a stain in said tube which stain is absorbed to differing degrees by the several constituent white cell types and the platelets to form within the buffy layer, sub-layers of white cell types and platelets distinguishable by differential coloring.

Claim 32

The apparatus of claim 25, wherein said body includes a handle part protruding from an open end of said tube for manual manipulation in an axial direction to mix the blood and stain prior to centrifugation.

Claim 33

The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising colored particulate material of at least two distinctly different densities adhered to a surface within said tube by an adhesive which is soluble in blood, said particulate material providing means for demarcating at least two different interphases between adjacent sub-layers within the buffy layer.

Claim 34

For use in measuring the approximate reticulocyte count in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising: a capillary tube for drawing and containing the blood sample to be centrifuged; an axially elongated body disposed in said tube, said body being formed of a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc which will cause the body to settle into and float in the red cell layer to an extent sufficient to displace enough of the volume in the tube normally occupied by the reticulocyte layer to form a free space means within the tube operative to receive and axially elongate substantially all of the reticulocyte layer by a multiple in the range of about five to about fifteen; and a stain in said tube which is absorbed by the reticulocyte layer to cause differential coloration thereof.

Claim 35

For use in measuring the approximate reticulocyte count in a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated whole blood, an apparatus comprising: a capillary tube for drawing and containing the blood sample to be centrifuged; an axially elongated body disposed in said tube, said body being formed of a material having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.02 to about 1.09 gm/cc which will cause the body to settle into and float in the red cell layer to an extent sufficient to displace enough of the volume in the tube normally occupied by the reticulocyte layer to form a free space means within the tube operative to receive and axially elongate substantially all of the reticulocyte layer by a multiple in the range of about five to about fifteen; and a stain in said tube which is absorbed by the reticulocyte layer to cause differential coloration thereof.