US3929971A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Porous biomaterials and method of making same
Assignee: Research Corp Technologies Inc
•
Filing: 1973-03-30
•
Granted: 1975-12-30
•
Expires: 1993-03-30
Abstract
Abstract Synthetic material having a microstructure substantially corresponding to the microstructure of porous carbonate skeletal material of marine life and made up of hydroxyapatite or whitlockite is useful as a biomaterial. These synthetic materials are made by converting porous carbonate skeletal material of marine life into a phosphate skeletal material possessing a microstructure substantially the same as or corresponding to the microstructure of the carbonate skeletal source material by subjecting the carbonate skeletal material to hydrothermal chemical exchange with a phosphate.
Inventors
- 👤 Della M Roy
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 01:15
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61L; A61L27/00; A61L27/02; A61L27/12; A61F; A61F2/00; A61F2/02; A61F2/28; A61K; A61K35/00; A61K35/56; A61L27/36; B; B01; B01D; B01D39/00; B01D39/02; B01D39/06; B01J; B01J27/00; B01J27/14; B01J27/16; B01J27/18; A61F2310/00; A61F2310/00005; A61F2310/00179; A61F2310/00293
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 47
Claim 1
Independent Claim
124 words
SYNTHETIC MATERIAL USEFUL AS A BIOMATERIAL CHARACTERIZED BY A SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM PORE VOLUME IN THE RANGE FROM ABOUT 10% TO ABOUT 90% AND HAVING A MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZED BY A PRONOUNCED THREEDIMENSIONAL FENESTRATE STRUCTURE CORRESPONDING TO THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE POROUS CARBONATE ECHINODERM OR SCHLERACTINIAN CORAL SKELETAL MATERIAL OF MARINE LIFE AND PROVIDING A PERIODIC MINIMAL SURFACE, SAID PERIODIC MINIMAL SURFACE DIVIDING THE VOLUME OF SAID MATERIAL INTO TWO INTERPENETRATING REGIONS, EACH OF WHICH IS A SINGLE, MULTIPLY CONNECTED DOMAIN, SAID MATERIAL HAVING A SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM PORE SIZE DIAMETER AND SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM PORE CONNECTIONS OR OPENINGS IN THE RANGE FROM ABOUT 5 MICRONS TO ABOUT 500 MICRONS, SAID SYNTHETIC MATERIAL BEING MADE UP OF A MATERIAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROXYAPATITE AND WHITLOCKITE.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
124 words
SYNTHETIC MATERIAL USEFUL AS A BIOMATERIAL CHARACTERIZED BY A SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM PORE VOLUME IN THE RANGE FROM ABOUT 10% TO ABOUT 90% AND HAVING A MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZED BY A PRONOUNCED THREEDIMENSIONAL FENESTRATE STRUCTURE CORRESPONDING TO THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE POROUS CARBONATE ECHINODERM OR SCHLERACTINIAN CORAL SKELETAL MATERIAL OF MARINE LIFE AND PROVIDING A PERIODIC MINIMAL SURFACE, SAID PERIODIC MINIMAL SURFACE DIVIDING THE VOLUME OF SAID MATERIAL INTO TWO INTERPENETRATING REGIONS, EACH OF WHICH IS A SINGLE, MULTIPLY CONNECTED DOMAIN, SAID MATERIAL HAVING A SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM PORE SIZE DIAMETER AND SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM PORE CONNECTIONS OR OPENINGS IN THE RANGE FROM ABOUT 5 MICRONS TO ABOUT 500 MICRONS, SAID SYNTHETIC MATERIAL BEING MADE UP OF A MATERIAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROXYAPATITE AND WHITLOCKITE.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 having the microstructure of echinodeRm skeletal calcite and consisting essentially of whitlockite.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 2 wherein said echinoderm skeletal calcite is echinoid spine calcite.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 possessing the microstructure of coral skeletal aragonite and consisting essentially of hydroxyapatite.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
15 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 4 said coral skeletal aragonite is Porites skeletal aragonite.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 wherein said hydroxyapatite contains about 0.1-10% by weight carbonate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 wherein said whitlockite contains about 0.1-10% by weight carbonate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 having the microstructure of the calcite spine of Acanthaster planci and consisting essentially of whitlockite.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 having the microstructure of the calcite spine of the sea urchin Diadema and consisting essentially of whitlockite.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 possessing the microstructure of Goniopora skeletal aragonite and consisting essentially of hydroxyapatite.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
16 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 10 wherein said hydroxyapatite contains about 0.1-10% by weight carbonate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
19 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 possessing the microstructure of Alveopora skeletal aragonite and consisting essentially of hydroxyapatite.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
16 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 12 wherein said hydroxyapatite contains about 0.1-10% by weight carbonate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
14 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 wherein said marine life is scleractinian coral.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 wherein said marine life is of the phylum Coelenterate.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
19 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 wherein the carbonate of said porous skeletal material is aragonite or calcite.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 possessing the microstructure of Acropora skeletal aragonite and consisting essentially of hydroxyapatite.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 wherein said hydroxyapatite contains about 0.1-10% by weight carbonate.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
56 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 wherein the microstructure is such that the synthetic material has the ratio of pore volume to the volume of solid of approximately 1 and has a cross-sectional diameter of both the pore and solid phase of about the same dimension ranging from about 5 microns to about 500 microns.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
16 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 having a pore size in the range 40-200 microns.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 having a pore size in the range 5-15 microns.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
17 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 shaped or formed substantially into the shape of a cylinder.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
18 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 shaped or formed substantially into the shape of a flat sheet.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 shaped or formed substantially into the shape of a curved sheet.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
21 words
Synthetic material in accordance with claim 1 shaped or formed substantially into the shape of a threaded or serrated screw-like form.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
103 words
A method of converting porous carbonate skeletal material of marine life into a phosphate skeletal material possessing substantially the same microstructure of said carbonate skeletal material which comprises subjecting said porous carbonate skeletal material to hydrothermal chemical exchange with a soluble or solubilized phosphate, said hydrothermal chemical exchange being carried out at a temperature in the range from about 100*C. to about 600*C. and at an elevated pressure in the range about 1,500-100,000 psig for a period of time sufficient to convert said carbonate skeletal material to a phosphate skeletal material wherein the phosphate of sAid phosphate skeletal material is hydroxyapatite or whitlockite.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
103 words
A method of converting porous carbonate skeletal material of marine life into a phosphate skeletal material possessing substantially the same microstructure of said carbonate skeletal material which comprises subjecting said porous carbonate skeletal material to hydrothermal chemical exchange with a soluble or solubilized phosphate, said hydrothermal chemical exchange being carried out at a temperature in the range from about 100*C. to about 600*C. and at an elevated pressure in the range about 1,500-100,000 psig for a period of time sufficient to convert said carbonate skeletal material to a phosphate skeletal material wherein the phosphate of sAid phosphate skeletal material is hydroxyapatite or whitlockite.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein said period of time is in the range from about 1 hour to about 2 weeks.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein the carbonate of said porous carbonate skeletal material is aragonite and wherein the phosphate of said phosphate skeletal material is hydroxyapatite.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method in accordance with claim 28 wherein said phosphate skeletal material consists essentially of hydroxyapatite and a minor amount of carbonate is in the range 0.1% to about 10% by weight CO3.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein the carbonate of said carbonate skeletal material is calcite and wherein the phosphate of said phosphate skeletal material is whitlockite.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method in accordance with claim 30 wherein said phosphate skeletal material consists essentially of whitlockite and a minor amount of carbonate in the range 0.05% to about 5.0% by weight CO3.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein said phosphate employed in the hydrothermal chemical exchange is (NH4)2HPO4.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein said phosphate employed in the hydrothermal chemical exchange is (NH4)2HPO4 and wherein Ca(OH)2 is present during the hydrothermal chemical exchange.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein said phosphate employed in the hydrothermal chemical exchange is CaHPO4.2H2O together with (NH4)2HPO4.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein said phosphate employed in the hydrothermal chemical exchange is 3CaO.P2O5.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein said phosphate employed in the hydrothermal chemical exchange is CaHPO4 together with orthophosphoric acid H3PO4.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein the phosphate employed in the hydrothermal chemical exchange is Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
59 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein the phosphate employed in the hydrothermal chemical exchange for reaction with the carbonate of said porous carbonate skeletal material is a phosphate selected from the group consisting of alkali metal phosphates, ammonium orthophosphates, calcium orthophosphates and acid phosphates thereof, orthophosphoric acid and hydrates thereof, and mixtures of weak acids with phosphates.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method in accordance with claim 38 wherein said alkali metal phosphates are sodium orthophosphates.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method in accordance with claim 38 wherein said alkali metal phosphates are potassium orthophosphates.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method in accordance with claim 38 wherein said weak acid is acetic acid.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein the hydrothermal chemical exchange is carried out at a temperature in the range from about 180*C. to about 350*C.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein the hydrothermal chemical exchange is carried out at a pressure in the range from about 8,000 psi to about 15,000 psi.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein the hydrothermal chemical exchange is carried out for a period of time from about 12 hours to about 48 hours.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
57 words
A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein the hydrothermal chemical exchange is carried out at a pressure in the range from about 8,000 psi to about 15,000 psi, for a period of time of from about 12 hours to about 48 hours and wherein the phosphate employed in said hydrothermal chemical exchange is derived from (NH4)2HPO4.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-12-29 | 1979-06-30 | 1979-12-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-12-29 | 1983-06-30 | 1983-12-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-12-29 | 1987-06-30 | 1987-12-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |