Polygraph including a cardiograph with dicrotic notch enhancement

Claim 2

Cardiographic apparatus including a substantially frictionfree transducer system for providing an electrical signal responsive to a human subject and varying according to pressure variations of the subject''s pulse; a circuit responsive to the transducer system, and a graphic output device responsive to the signal of said circuit for producing a curve representing the pulse conditions of the subject; said apparatus including notch enhancement means for modifying the transducer signal to emphasize its dicrotic notch characteristic selectively in comparison to the main heartbeat characteristic.

Claim 3

Cardiographic apparatus including a substantially friction-free transducer system for providing an electrical signal responsive to a human subject and varying according to pressure variations of the subject''s pulse responsive to the transducer; a circuit responsive to the transducer system, and a graphic output device responsive to the signal of said circuit for producing a curve representing the pulse conditions of the subject; said circuit including adjustable notch enhancement circuitry for modifying the transducer signal to eMphasize its dicrotic notch characteristic selectively in comparison to the main heartbeat characteristic.

Claim 4

Cardiographic apparatus including a substantially friction-free transducer system for providing an electrical signal responsive to a human subject and varying according to pressure variations of the subject''s pulse responsive to the transducer; a circuit responsive to the transducer system, and a graphic output device responsive to the signal of said circuit for producing a curve representing the pulse conditions of the subject; said circuit including adjustable notch enhancement circuitry for modifying the transducer signal to eMphasize its dicrotic notch characteristic selectively in comparison to the main heartbeat characteristic.

Claim 5

Cardiographic apparatus according to claim 2 in which the notch enhancement circuitry has relatively great responsiveness selectively at the level of approximately four to five cycles per second.

Claim 6

Cardiographic apparatus according to claim 2 in which the notch enhancement circuitry is in the nature of a conditionally-stable under-damped resonant circuit with a resonance frequency in the range of approximately four to five cycles per second.

Claim 7

Cardiographic apparatus including a substantially friction-free transducer for converting the pulse-varied pressure in a pressurized pulse detector on a human subject, effectively operable with pressurization low enough to allow adequate blood circulation, to an electrical signal varying according to both pressure variations and pressure level; a circuit responsive to the transducer; and a graphic output device responsive to the signal of said circuit for producing a curve representing the pulse conditions of the subject; said circuit being characterized by: a. including notch-enhancement circuitry for adjustably modifying the signal derived from the transducer to emphasize its dicrotic notch characteristic; b. including selective ratio circuitry for acting upon the signal for increasing the relative strength of the pulsing characteristics as compared to other characteristics in the signal; c. including circuitry for centering the pen oscillations under given conditions at a given level; and d. including amplification circuitry.

Claim 8

Cardiographic apparatus including a substantially friction-free transducer for converting the pulse-varied pressure in a pressurized pulse detector on a human subject, effectively operable with pressurization low enough to allow adequate blood circulation, to an electrical signal varying according to both pressure variations and pressure level; a circuit responsive to the transducer; and a graphic output device responsive to the signal of said circuit for producing a curve representing the pulse conditions of the subject; said circuit being characterized by: a. including notch-enhancement circuitry for adjustably modifying the signal derived from the transducer to emphasize its dicrotic notch characteristic; b. including selective ratio circuitry for acting upon the signal for increasing the relative strength of the pulsing characteristics as compared to other characteristics in the signal; c. including circuitry for centering the pen oscillations under given conditions at a given level; and d. including amplification circuitry.

Claim 9

Cardiographic apparatus according to claim 5 in which the selective ratio circuitry transmits the signals through two paths, one of which is selectively transmissive to relatively abrupt changes and the other of which is selectively transmissive to slower changes, said paths having a common output reflecting a greater proportion of the signal strength accepted by the first path than of the signal strength accepted by the second path.

Claim 10

Cardiographic apparatus according to claim 5 in which the selective ratio circuitry transmits the signals through two paths, one of which is selectively transmissive to relatively abrupt changes and the other of which is selectively transmissive to slower changes, said paths having a common output reflecting a greater proportion of the signal strength accepted by the first path than of the signal strength accepted by the second path, and having adjustable amplification means in one path to control said proportion.

Claim 11

Cardiographic apparatus according to claim 5 in which the selective ratio circuitry transmits the signals through two paths, one of which is selectively transmissive to relatively abrupt changes and the other of which is selectively transmissive to slower changes, said paths having a common output reflecting, at least when desired, a ratio drop of the signal output through the second path as compared to the signal output through the first path; with an adjustment element for said ratio drop which is correlated to an adjustment pertinent to the level of pressurization to provide increasing ratio drop as the pressurization is reduced.

Claim 12

A cardiographic apparatus according to claim 5 in which the transducer includes a bellows, a flag carried by the movable end of the bellows, and photoelectric means in which the actuating light strength upon a photosensitive element is progressively varied as the flag is moved by the bellows.

Claim 13

A detection polygraph including as one of its charting devices the cardiographic apparatus of claim 5.

Claim 14

Cardiographic apparatus including a substantially friction-free transducer for converting the pulse-varied pressure in a pressurized pulse detector on a human subject, effectively operable with pressurization low enough to allow adequate blood circulation, to an electrical signal varying according to both pressure variations and pressure level; a circuit responsive to the transducer; and a graphic output device responsive to the signal of said circuit for producing a curve representing the pulse conditions of the subject; said circuit being characterized by: a. including selective ratio circuitry for acting upon the signal derived from the transducer for increasing the relative strength of the pulsing characteristics as compared to other characteristics in the signal; and b. including amplification circuitry.

Claim 15

Cardiographic apparatus including a substantially friction-free transducer for converting the pulse-varied pressure in a pressurized pulse detector on a human subject, effectively operable with pressurization low enough to allow adequate blood circulation, to an electrical signal varying according to both pressure variations and pressure level; a circuit responsive to the transducer; and a graphic output device responsive to the signal of said circuit for producing a curve representing the pulse conditions of the subject; said circuit being characterized by: a. including selective ratio circuitry for acting upon the signal derived from the transducer for increasing the relative strength of the pulsing characteristics as compared to other characteristics in the signal; and b. including amplification circuitry.

Claim 16

Cardiographic apparatus according to claim 11 in which the selective ratio circuitry transmits the signals through two paths, one of which is selectively transmissive to relatively abrupt changes and the other of which is selectively transmissive to slower changes, said paths having a common output reflecting, at least when desired, a ratio drop of the signal output through the second path as compared to the signal output through the first path, below the input ratio of the corresponding parts of the signal input to the selective ratio circuitry.

Claim 17

Cardiographic apparatus according to claim 11 in which the selective ratio circuitry transmits the signals through two paths, one of which is selectively transmissive to relatively abrupt changes and the other of which is selectively transmissive to slower changes, said paths having a common output reflecting, at least when desired, a ratio drop of the signal output through the second path as compared to the signal output through the first path, below the input ratio of the corresponding parts of the signal input to the selective ratio circuitry, and having adjustable amplification means in one path to control said ratio drop.

Claim 18

Cardiographic apparatus according to claim 11 in which the selective ratio circuitry transmits the signals through two paths, one of which is selectively transmissive to relatively abrupt changes and the other of which is selectively transmissive to slower changes, said paths having a common output reflecting, at least when desired, a ratio drop of the signal output through the second path as compared to the signal output through the first path, below the input ratio of the corresponding parts of the signal input to the selective ratio circuitry, and having adjustable amplification means in one path to control said ratio drop; with an adjustment element for said ratio drop which is correlated to an adjustment pertinent to the level of pressurization to provide increasing ratio drop as the pressurization is reduced.

Claim 19

Cardiographic apparatus including a blood pressure type of inflatable arm cuff, a substantially friction-free transducer for converting the pulse-varied pressure in said arm cuff on a human subject to an electrical signal varying according to both pressure variations and pressure level; said transducer being effectively operable with pressurization in said arm cuff low enough to allow adequate blood circulation in the subject''s arm; a circuit responsive to the transducer; and a graphic output device responsive to the signal of said circuit for producing a curve representing the pulse conditions of the subject; said circuit being characterized by: a. including notch-enhancement circuitry for adjustably modifying the signal derived from the transducer to emphasize its dicrotic notch characteristic; b. including selective ratio circuitry for acting upon the signal for increasing the relative strength of the pulsing characteristics as compared to other characteristics in the signal; c. including circuitry for centering the pen oscillations under given conditions at a given level; and d. including amplification circuitry.

Claim 20

Cardiographic apparatus including a blood pressure type of inflatable arm cuff, a substantially friction-free transducer for converting the pulse-varied pressure in said arm cuff on a human subject to an electrical signal varying according to both pressure variations and pressure level; said transducer being effectively operable with pressurization in said arm cuff low enough to allow adequate blood circulation in the subject''s arm; a circuit responsive to the transducer; and a graphic output device responsive to the signal of said circuit for producing a curve representing the pulse conditions of the subject; said circuit being characterized by: a. including notch-enhancement circuitry for adjustably modifying the signal derived from the transducer to emphasize its dicrotic notch characteristic; b. including selective ratio circuitry for acting upon the signal for increasing the relative strength of the pulsing characteristics as compared to other characteristics in the signal; c. including circuitry for centering the pen oscillations under given conditions at a given level; and d. including amplification circuitry.

Claim 21

A detection polygraph including as one of its charting devices a cardiographic apparatus capable of substantially duplicating the characteristics of conventional cardiographic tracings even when used at a lower pressure than would be satisfactory thereon, said cardiographic apparatus including a transducer for converting the pulse-varied pressure in a pressurized pulse detector on A human subject, effectively operable with pressurization low enough to allow adequate blood circulation, to an electrical signal varying according to both pressure variations and pressure level; a circuit responsive to the transducer; and a graphic output device responsive to the signal of said circuit for producing a curve representing the pulse conditions of the subject; said circuit being characterized by: a. including circuitry with adjustably damped resonance for enhancement of the dicrotic notch for adjustably modifying the signal derived from the transducer to emphasize its dicrotic notch characteristic; b. including selective ratio circuitry for acting upon the signal for increasing the relative strength of the pulsing characteristics as compared to other characteristics in the signal, said selective ratio circuitry being correlated to circuitry for centering the pen oscillations under given conditions at a given level to adjust response level automatically with pen centering for low pressure; and c. including amplification circuitry.

Claim 22

A detection polygraph including as one of its charting devices a cardiographic apparatus capable of substantially duplicating the characteristics of conventional cardiographic tracings even when used at a lower pressure than would be satisfactory thereon, said cardiographic apparatus including a transducer for converting the pulse-varied pressure in a pressurized pulse detector on A human subject, effectively operable with pressurization low enough to allow adequate blood circulation, to an electrical signal varying according to both pressure variations and pressure level; a circuit responsive to the transducer; and a graphic output device responsive to the signal of said circuit for producing a curve representing the pulse conditions of the subject; said circuit being characterized by: a. including circuitry with adjustably damped resonance for enhancement of the dicrotic notch for adjustably modifying the signal derived from the transducer to emphasize its dicrotic notch characteristic; b. including selective ratio circuitry for acting upon the signal for increasing the relative strength of the pulsing characteristics as compared to other characteristics in the signal, said selective ratio circuitry being correlated to circuitry for centering the pen oscillations under given conditions at a given level to adjust response level automatically with pen centering for low pressure; and c. including amplification circuitry.