US3808411A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method and apparatus for determining the average deviation of a variable function from its mean value
Assignee: Zellweger Uster AG
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Filing: 1971-08-31
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Granted: 1974-04-30
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Expires: 1991-08-31
Abstract
Abstract In order to determine the average quadratic deviation or coefficient of variation of a time variable function, a signal, representative of the function, is applied to a first resistorcapacitor integrating network and thereafter, the difference between the input signals to the network and the output signal of the network is obtained, and this difference signal is squared. The squared signal is then fed to a second integrating network, the square root of the output of the integrators obtained, and the ratio of the output of the first integrator and the square root is generated to provide the quadratic deviation. The time constants of each integrator network are variable and increase in direct proportion to the lapse of time from the start of the integration period.
Inventors
- 👤 D Hoffmann
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-22 23:16
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/36; G01N33/365; G06; G06G; G06G7/00; G06G7/12; G06G7/20
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
66 words
A method of determining the average quadratic deviation also known as the coefficient of variation CV, of a function f(t), variable with time t, from its average value, comprising the steps of: generating a first signal representative of said function f(t); applying said first signal to a first resistor-capacitor network, the time constant T of which increases from a minimum value to produce a second signal
Claim 2
Independent Claim
66 words
A method of determining the average quadratic deviation also known as the coefficient of variation CV, of a function f(t), variable with time t, from its average value, comprising the steps of: generating a first signal representative of said function f(t); applying said first signal to a first resistor-capacitor network, the time constant T of which increases from a minimum value to produce a second signal
Claim 3
Independent Claim
123 words
An apparatus for determining the average quadratic deviation, also known as the coefficient of variation CV of an input signal representative of a function f(t), variable with time t, from its average value, comprising: first means, responsive to said input signal for producing a second signal representative of the integral of said input signal over a time interval T; and second means responsive to said second signal and said input signal for generating a third signal representative of the ratio of the square root of the integral of the square of the difference between said input signal and said second signal over a time interval T'' and said second signal, whereby said ratio signal representative of said coefficient of variation CV is produced.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
123 words
An apparatus for determining the average quadratic deviation, also known as the coefficient of variation CV of an input signal representative of a function f(t), variable with time t, from its average value, comprising: first means, responsive to said input signal for producing a second signal representative of the integral of said input signal over a time interval T; and second means responsive to said second signal and said input signal for generating a third signal representative of the ratio of the square root of the integral of the square of the difference between said input signal and said second signal over a time interval T'' and said second signal, whereby said ratio signal representative of said coefficient of variation CV is produced.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
41 words
An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said second means, comprises a subtracting means, responsive to said input signal and to said second signal, for generating a difference signal representative of the difference between said input signal and said second signal.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
33 words
An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said second means further comprises a squaring means, responsive to said difference signal, for generating a squared signal representative of the square of said difference signal.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
39 words
An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said second means further comprises an output integrating network, responsive to said squared signal, for generating an integral signal representative of the integral of said squared signal over a time interval T''.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
35 words
An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said second means further includes a root extracting means, responsive to said integral signal, for generating a root signal representative of the square root of said integral signal.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
49 words
An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said second means further comprises a division means, responsive to said second signal and to said root signal for generating said ratio signal representative of the coefficient of variation CV corresponding to the ratio of said root signal and said second signal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said first means comprises a first resistor-capacitor network for generating the integral of said input signal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said output integrating network comprises a second resistor-capacitor network for generating the integral of said squared signal.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
An apparatus according to claim 9, further including means for controlling the time constants of each of said resistor-capacitor networks.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
An apparatus according to claim 9, further including means for controlling the time constants of first resistor-capacitor network.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
An apparatus according to claim 9, further including means for controlling the time constant of said second resistor-capacitor network.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the resistors and capacitors of said resistor-capacitor networks are variable.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
An apparatus according to claim 13, wherein both of the resistors and capacitors of said resistor-capacitor networks are variable.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
33 words
An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said time constant controlling means includes means for continuously increasing the time constant of each resistor-capacitor network during the period of integration of each resistor-capacitor network.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
39 words
An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said time constant controlling means comprises means for increasing the time constant of each resistor-capacitor network in direct proportion to the lapse of time from the start of the period of integration.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method according to claim 1 further including the step of increasing the resistance of each resistor-capacitor network from the start of the production of said second and fifth signals in direct proportion to the lapse of time.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method according to claim 1, further including the step of increasing the capacitance of each resistor-capacitor network from the start of the production of said second and fifth signals in direct proportion to the lapse of time.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 17, wherein the step of increasing said resistance comprises varying the ratio of the opening and closing of a chopper.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 19, further comprising the step of mechanically varying the opening and closing of said chopper.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 19, further including the step of electronically varying the opening and closing of said chopper.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
28 words
An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said control means comprises a drive motor, the drive output of which is ganged to the resistors of each resistor-capacitor network.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
27 words
An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said control means Comprises a drive motor, the output of which is ganged to the capacitors of each resistor-capacitor network.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
31 words
An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said control means comprises a drive motor, the drive output of which is ganged to both the resistors and capacitors of each resistor-capacitor network.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
32 words
An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the resistors of said resistor-capacitor networks are controllable semiconductor resistors selected from the group consisting of NTC-resistors, PTC-resistors, photoresistors, phototransistors, photodiodes and interconnected transistor-diode networks.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
16 words
An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said capacitors of said resistor-capacitor networks comprise voltage-variable diodes.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
32 words
An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said division means comprises an analog-to-digital converter with said root signal as the measuring voltage therefor and said second signal as the reference voltage therefor.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-04-29 | 1977-10-29 | 1978-04-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-04-29 | 1981-10-29 | 1982-04-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-04-29 | 1985-10-29 | 1986-04-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |