US3725665A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Pulse generator
Assignee: TDK Micronas GmbH
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Filing: 1972-03-31
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Granted: 1973-04-03
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Expires: 1992-03-31
Abstract
Abstract A total volume flowmeter including a fluid motor to drive a light chopper between a light emitting diode (LED) and a phototransistor connected in a pulse transmitter. Regenerative feedback is provided from the phototransistor to the light emitting diode. That is, the light output of the light emitting diode is increased as the illumination of the phototransistor is increased, and vice versa. This makes it possible to use high gain amplification because it produces a hysteresis which discriminates against false output pulses which would otherwise occur with the use of high gain amplification because of vibration induced by external means. A source of potential and a resistor may be connected in series with the pulse transmitter, both the source of potential and the resistor, if desired, being positioned at a remote location. A pulse counter is connected across the resistor to an indicator which, if desired, may be calibrated in total volume flow. An amplifier is connected from the phototransistor to a transistor switch in series with the LED. The switch and the LED are connected across the line, whereas the remainder of the circuit is connected across a voltage regulator. Putting the LED across the line improves voltage regulation, pulse generation reliability circuit sensitivity, and the square shape of the output wave.
Inventors
- 👤 R Talmo
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 18:02
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01F; G01F15/00; G01F15/07; G01F15/075; G01F15/0755
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 9
Claim 1
Independent Claim
436 words
A pulse transmitter comprising: a base; a light chopper movably mounted relative to said base, said light chopper having at least one opaque portion defining at least one light transmissive aperture movable therewith; a source of light fixed relative to said base in a position on one side of said light chopper to shine light through said aperture in One position thereof; a photoelectric device fixed relative to said base on the side of said light chopper opposite said one side thereof to receive light from said source that passes through said aperture when said aperture is positioned between said source and said device; regenerative feedback means connected from said device to said source to increase the light output of said source when the resistance of said device decreases, and vice versa, said device resistance decreasing and increasing, respectively, when the illumination thereof by said source through said aperture increases and decreases, said regenerative feedback means including a differential amplifier having noninverting and inverting input leads, an output lead and first and second power input leads; a voltage regulator having input and output leads and a common lead, said photoelectric device including a phototransistor having a collector connected to said regulator output lead; a first resistor connected from said common lead to a first junction, said phototransistor having a collector connected to said regulator output lead; a first resistor connected from said common lead to a first junction, said phototransistor having an emitter connected to said first junction; a second resistor connected from said regulator output lead to a second junction; conductive means connected between said first and second junctions, said noninverting input lead being connected from said second junction, said first and second power input leads of said amplifier being connected to said regulator output and common leads, respectively; third, fourth, fifth and sixth resistors; and an output transistor having a collector, an emitter and a base, said third resistor being connected from said regulator output lead to a third junction, said fourth resistor being connected from said third junction to a fourth junction, said amplifier inverting input lead being connected from said third junction, said light source including a light emitting diode having a first electrode connected from said fourth junction and a second electrode connected to said common lead, said output transistor collector being connected to said regulator input lead, said output transistor emitter being connected to a fifth junction, said amplifier output lead being connected to said output transistor base, said fifth resistor being connected between said fourth and fifth junctions, said sixth resistor being connected between said third and fifth junctions.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
436 words
A pulse transmitter comprising: a base; a light chopper movably mounted relative to said base, said light chopper having at least one opaque portion defining at least one light transmissive aperture movable therewith; a source of light fixed relative to said base in a position on one side of said light chopper to shine light through said aperture in One position thereof; a photoelectric device fixed relative to said base on the side of said light chopper opposite said one side thereof to receive light from said source that passes through said aperture when said aperture is positioned between said source and said device; regenerative feedback means connected from said device to said source to increase the light output of said source when the resistance of said device decreases, and vice versa, said device resistance decreasing and increasing, respectively, when the illumination thereof by said source through said aperture increases and decreases, said regenerative feedback means including a differential amplifier having noninverting and inverting input leads, an output lead and first and second power input leads; a voltage regulator having input and output leads and a common lead, said photoelectric device including a phototransistor having a collector connected to said regulator output lead; a first resistor connected from said common lead to a first junction, said phototransistor having a collector connected to said regulator output lead; a first resistor connected from said common lead to a first junction, said phototransistor having an emitter connected to said first junction; a second resistor connected from said regulator output lead to a second junction; conductive means connected between said first and second junctions, said noninverting input lead being connected from said second junction, said first and second power input leads of said amplifier being connected to said regulator output and common leads, respectively; third, fourth, fifth and sixth resistors; and an output transistor having a collector, an emitter and a base, said third resistor being connected from said regulator output lead to a third junction, said fourth resistor being connected from said third junction to a fourth junction, said amplifier inverting input lead being connected from said third junction, said light source including a light emitting diode having a first electrode connected from said fourth junction and a second electrode connected to said common lead, said output transistor collector being connected to said regulator input lead, said output transistor emitter being connected to a fifth junction, said amplifier output lead being connected to said output transistor base, said fifth resistor being connected between said fourth and fifth junctions, said sixth resistor being connected between said third and fifth junctions.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
The invention as defined in claim 1, wherein said conductive means includes a temperature compensation auxiliary diode.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
73 words
The invention as defined in claim 2, wherein said regenerative feedback means is constructed in a manner to operate when said regulator input lead is maintained positive with respect to said common lead thereof, said auxiliary diode being poled to be conductive in a direction toward said first junction, both of said transistors being NPN type transistors, said first and second light emitting diode electrodes being the anode and the cathode thereof, respectively.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
196 words
The invention as defined in claim 3, wherein said voltage regulator includes first and second zener diodes, first and second transistors, seventh, eighth and ninth resistors, and a capacitor, said first zener diode having a cathode connected from said regulator input lead to a sixth junction, each of said first and second transistors having a collector, an emitter and a base, said seventh resistor being connected between said sixth junction and said regulator common lead, the base of said first transistor and the collector of said second transistor being connected from said sixth junction, said eighth resistor being connected from said first transistor emitter to said regulator input lead, said first transistor being a PNP type transistor, said second transistor being an NPN type transistor, said first transistor collector and said second transistor base being connected to said regulator output lead, said ninth resistor bEing connected between said second transistor emitter and said regulator common lead, said second zener diode and said capacitor being connected in parallel between said regulator output and common leads, said second zener diode having a cathode connected from said regulator output lead and an anode connected from said regulator common lead.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
328 words
A pulse transmitter comprising: a light source; a photoelectric device; a light chopper positioned between said source and said device and movable at least occasionally to interrupt the illumination of said device by said source; and regenerative feedback means connected between said device and said source for increasing the light output of said source in response to increased illumination of said device, and vice versa, said regenerative feedback means including a differential amplifier having noninverting and inverting input leads, an output lead and first and second power input leads; a voltage regulator having input and output leads and a common lead, said photoelectric device having a first electrode connected to said regulator output lead; a first resistor connected from said common lead to a first junction, said device having a second electrode connected to said first junction; a second junction; conductive means connected between said first and second junctions, said noninverting input lead being connected from said second junction, said first and second power input leads of said amplifier being connected to said regulator output and common leads, respectively; second, third, fourth and fifth resistors; and an electrically operable switch having first, second and third leads therefrom, said second resistor being connected from said regulator output lead to a third junction, said third resistor being connected from said third junction to a fourth junction, said amplifier inverting input lead being connected from said third junction, said light source having a first electrode connected from said fourth junction and a second electrode connected to said common lead, said first switch being connected to said regulator input lead, said second switch lead being connected to a fifth junction, said amplifier output lead being connected to said third switch lead to open and to close said switch by impressing respective opening and closing signals on said third switch lead, said fourth resistor being connected between said fourth and fifth junctions, said fifth resistor being connected between said third and fifth junctions.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
328 words
A pulse transmitter comprising: a light source; a photoelectric device; a light chopper positioned between said source and said device and movable at least occasionally to interrupt the illumination of said device by said source; and regenerative feedback means connected between said device and said source for increasing the light output of said source in response to increased illumination of said device, and vice versa, said regenerative feedback means including a differential amplifier having noninverting and inverting input leads, an output lead and first and second power input leads; a voltage regulator having input and output leads and a common lead, said photoelectric device having a first electrode connected to said regulator output lead; a first resistor connected from said common lead to a first junction, said device having a second electrode connected to said first junction; a second junction; conductive means connected between said first and second junctions, said noninverting input lead being connected from said second junction, said first and second power input leads of said amplifier being connected to said regulator output and common leads, respectively; second, third, fourth and fifth resistors; and an electrically operable switch having first, second and third leads therefrom, said second resistor being connected from said regulator output lead to a third junction, said third resistor being connected from said third junction to a fourth junction, said amplifier inverting input lead being connected from said third junction, said light source having a first electrode connected from said fourth junction and a second electrode connected to said common lead, said first switch being connected to said regulator input lead, said second switch lead being connected to a fifth junction, said amplifier output lead being connected to said third switch lead to open and to close said switch by impressing respective opening and closing signals on said third switch lead, said fourth resistor being connected between said fourth and fifth junctions, said fifth resistor being connected between said third and fifth junctions.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
197 words
A pulse transmitter comprising: a base; a light chopper movably mounted relative to said base, said light chopper having at least one opaque portion defining at least one light transmissive aperture movable therewith; a source of light fixed relative to said base in a position on one side of said light chopper to shine light through said aperture in one position thereof; a photoelectric device fixed relative to said base on the side of said light chopper opposite the one side thereof to receive light from said source that passes through said aperture when said aperture is positioned between said source and said device; regenerative feedback means connected from said device to said source to increase the light output of said source when the illumination of said device increases, and vice versa, said regenerative feedback means including an amplifier connected from the device; a switch connected from the output of said amplifier; and a voltage regulator having input and output leads and a common lead, said amplifier and said photoelectric device being connected between the output and common regulator leads, the source and the switch being connected between the input and common leads of the voltage regulator.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
197 words
A pulse transmitter comprising: a base; a light chopper movably mounted relative to said base, said light chopper having at least one opaque portion defining at least one light transmissive aperture movable therewith; a source of light fixed relative to said base in a position on one side of said light chopper to shine light through said aperture in one position thereof; a photoelectric device fixed relative to said base on the side of said light chopper opposite the one side thereof to receive light from said source that passes through said aperture when said aperture is positioned between said source and said device; regenerative feedback means connected from said device to said source to increase the light output of said source when the illumination of said device increases, and vice versa, said regenerative feedback means including an amplifier connected from the device; a switch connected from the output of said amplifier; and a voltage regulator having input and output leads and a common lead, said amplifier and said photoelectric device being connected between the output and common regulator leads, the source and the switch being connected between the input and common leads of the voltage regulator.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3421012A
Cited
US3542479A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-04-02 | 1976-10-02 | 1977-04-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-04-02 | 1980-10-02 | 1981-04-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-04-02 | 1984-10-02 | 1985-04-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |