Telescopic hydraulic damper

Claim 2

In a telescopic hydraulic shock-absorber, an outer cylinder having a pair of opposed head and foot end-pieces closing opposed ends of said outer cylinder and respectively having inner tapered surfaces, said head end-piece of said outer cylinder being formed with a central opening, an inner cylinder coaxially arranged within said outer cylinder and also having a pair of opposed head and foot end-pieces respectively closing opposed ends of said inner cylinder, said end-pieces of said inner cylinder having outer tapered surfaces respectively engaging said inner tapered surfaces of said opposed end-pieces of said outer cylinder for centering said inner cylinder within said outer cylinder, said opposed end-pieces of said outer cylinder respectively extending axially beyond said opposed end-pieces of said inner cylinder to define therewith a pair of opposed end chambers, and said inner cylinder being spaced inwardly from and surrounded by said outer cylinder between said end-pieces of said inner cylinder to define between said end-pieces of said inner cylinder an elongated annular space between said outer and inner cylinders, said endpieces of said inner cylinder being formed at said exterior tapered surfaces thereof with radial grooves circumfereNtially distributed about the common axis of said cylinders to provide free communication between said end chambers and said elongated annular chamber between said cylinders, the head end-piece of said inner cylinder being formed with a central opening coaxially aligned with the central opening of the head end-piece of said outer cylinder, a piston rod extending through the latter openings into the interior of said inner cylinder and carrying in the latter a piston slidably engaging the inner surface of said inner cylinder, said head end-piece of said inner cylinder surrounding and slidably engaging said piston rod to form a rodguide therefor, a packing situated in the head end chamber formed between the head end-pieces and surrounding said piston rod, a spring in said head end chamber engaging the head end-piece of said inner cylinder and pressing the packing against the head end-piece of said outer cylinder, the foot end-piece of said inner cylinder being formed with a central bore passing axially therethrough and with a plurality of additional axial bores passing therethrough and circumferentially distributed about said central axial bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, the latter central and axial bores providing communication between the interior of said inner cylinder beneath said piston and the foot end chamber defined between the foot end-pieces of said inner and outer cylinders, a central valve stem extending axially through said central bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and carrying at one end a valve member for closing said central bore and at an opposite end a collar, an inner spring acting on said collar and extending around said stem in said central bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder for urging said valve member to a closed position at one end face of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, an annular valve plate engaging an opposed end face of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and having a closed position covering said additional axial bores, and an outer spring of tapered configuration engaging said collar and said annular valve plate for urging the latter to a closed position closing said additional axial bores of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, said inner and outer springs thus urging said valve member and valve plate in opposed directions against opposed end faces of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and respectively being differently calibrated to provide for selective control of liquid flow through said central bore, on the one hand, and said additional axial bores, on the other hand, of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder in response to movement of said piston in different directions, respectively, said piston carrying a pair of piston valve means one of which includes a pair of valve units which are differently calibrated for providing liquid flow through said piston from one side to the other side thereof in response to different pressures during displacement of said piston in said inner cylinder in one direction and the other of which includes a pair of differently calibrated valve units for providing liquid flow through said piston from the other to said one side thereof in response to different pressures during movement of said piston in an opposite direction in said inner cylinder, said head and foot end-pieces of said inner cylinder being in the form of sintered bodies, said piston including an intermediate body and a pair of end plates engaging said intermediate body, said intermediate body also being in the form of a sintered body, each valve unit including a pair of bores extending axially through said intermediate body and a pair of openings in each endplate registering with the latter pair of bores, a cylindrical valve body in one of said bores of each valve unit, a spring in said one bore of each valve unit urging said cylindrical body to a closed position engaging an opening of an end plate, said axial bores of each valve unit communicating with each other nExt to the end plate toward which said cylindrical valve body is urged by said spring which acts on said cylindrical valve body, so that when the latter is displaced to an open position in opposition to the latter spring liquid will flow past the cylindrical valve body to that one of the bores of each valve unit which does not contain the cylindrical valve body and out through an opening in an opposed end plate which registers with the latter bore which does not contain the cylindrical valve body, and said intermediate body of said piston being formed with a permanently open cutout communicating with at least one of said bores of one of said valve units which does not contain a cylindrical valve body to provide a permanently open path of fluid flow through said piston, the different springs of each piston valve means being differently calibrated.

Claim 3

In a telescopic hydraulic shock-absorber, an outer cylinder having a pair of opposed head and foot end-pieces closing opposed ends of said outer cylinder and respectively having inner tapered surfaces, said head end-piece of said outer cylinder being formed with a central opening, an inner cylinder coaxially arranged within said outer cylinder and also having a pair of opposed head and foot end-pieces respectively closing opposed ends of said inner cylinder, said end-pieces of said inner cylinder having outer tapered surfaces respectively engaging said inner tapered surfaces of said opposed end-pieces of said outer cylinder for centering said inner cylinder within said outer cylinder, said opposed end-pieces of said outer cylinder respectively extending axially beyond said opposed end-pieces of said inner cylinder to define therewith a pair of opposed end chambers, and said inner cylinder being spaced inwardly from and surrounded by said outer cylinder between said end-pieces of said inner cylinder to define between said end-pieces of said inner cylinder an elongated annular space between said outer and inner cylinders, said end-pieces of said inner cylinder being formed at said exterior tapered surfaces thereof with radial grooves circumferentially distributed about the common axis of said cylinders to provide free communication between said end chambers and said elongated annular chamber between said cylinders, the head end-piece of said inner cylinder being formed with a central opening coaxially aligned with the central opening of the head end-piece of said outer cylinder, a piston rod extending through the latter openings into the interior of said inner cylinder and carrying in the latter a piston slidably engaging the inner surface of said inner cylinder, said head end-piece of said inner cylinder surrounding and slidably engaging said piston rod to form a rod-guide therefor, a packing situated in the head end chamber formed between the head end-pieces and surrounding said piston rod, a spring in said head end chamber engaging the head end-piece of said inner cylinder and pressing the packing against the head end-piece of said outer cylinder, the foot end-piece of said inner cylinder being formed with a central bore passing axially therethrough and with a plurality of additional axial bores passing therethrough and circumferentially distributed about said central axial bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, the latter central and axial bores providing communication between the interior of said inner cylinder beneath said piston and the foot end chamber defined between the foot end-pieces of said inner and outer cylinders, a central valve stem extending axially through said central bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and carrying at one end a valve member for closing said central bore and at an opposite end a collar, an inner spring acting on said collar and extending around said stem in said central bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder for urging said valve member to a closed position at one end face of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, an annular valve plate engaging aN opposed end face of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and having a closed position covering said additional axial bores, and an outer spring of tapered configuration engaging said collar and said annular valve plate for urging the latter to a closed position closing said additional axial bores of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, said inner and outer springs thus urging said valve member and valve plate in opposed directions against opposed end faces of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and respectively being differently calibrated to provide for selective control of liquid flow through said central bore, on the one hand, and said additional axial bores, on the other hand, of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder in response to movement of said piston in different directions, respectively, said piston carrying a pair of piston valve means one of which includes a pair of valve units which are differently calibrated for providing liquid flow through said piston from one side to the other side thereof in response to different pressures during displacement of said piston in said inner cylinder in one direction and the other of which includes a pair of differently calibrated valve units for providing liquid flow through said piston from the other to said one side thereof in response to different pressures during movement of said piston in an opposite direction in said inner cylinder, said head and foot end-pieces of said inner cylinder being in the form of sintered bodies, said piston including an intermediate body and a pair of end plates engaging said intermediate body, said intermediate body also being in the form of a sintered body, each valve unit including a pair of bores extending axially through said intermediate body and a pair of openings in each end plate registering with the latter pair of bores, a cylindrical valve body in one of said bores of each valve unit, a spring in said one bore of each valve unit urging said cylindrical body to a closed position engaging an opening of an end plate, said axial bores of each valve unit communicating with each other next to the end plate toward which said cylindrical valve body is urged by said spring which acts on said cylindrical valve body, so that when the latter is displaced to an open position in opposition to the latter spring liquid will flow past the cylindrical valve body to that one of the bores of each valve unit which does not contain the cylindrical valve body and out through an opening in an opposed end plate which registers with the latter bore which does not contain the cylindrical valve body, and said intermediate body of said piston being formed with a permanently open cutout communicating with at least one of said bores of one of said valve units which does not contain a cylindrical valve body to provide a permanently open path of fluid flow through said pistons, the bores of each end plate which are closed by the cylindrical valve bodies of each piston valve means being of different diameters.

Claim 4

In a telescopic hydraulic shock-absorber, an outer cylinder having a pair of opposed head and foot end-pieces closing opposed ends of said outer cylinder and respectively having inner tapered surfaces, said head end-piece of said outer cylinder being formed with a central opening, an inner cylinder coaxially arranged within said outer cylinder and also having a pair of opposed head and foot end-pieces respectively closing opposed ends of said inner cylinder, said end-pieces of said inner cylinder having outer tapered surfaces respectively engaging said inner tapered surfaces of said opposed end-pieces of said outer cylinder for centering said inner cylinder within said outer cylinder, said opposed end-pieces of said outer cylinder respectively extending axially beyond said opposed end-pieces of said inner cylinder to define therewith a pair of opposed end chambers, and said inner cylinder being spaced inwardly from and surrounded by said outer cylinder between said end-pieces of said inner cylinder to define between said end-pieces of said inner cylinder an elongated annular space between said outer and inner cylinders, said end-pieces of said inner cylinder being formed at said exterior tapered surfaces thereof with radial grooves circumferentially distributed about the common axis of said cylinders to provide free communication between said end chambers and said elongated annular chamber between said cylinders, the head end-piece of said inner cylinder being formed with a central opening coaxially aligned with the central opening of the head end-piece of said outer cylinder, a piston rod extending through the latter openings into the interior of said inner cylinder and carrying in the latter a piston slidably engaging the inner surface of said inner cylinder, said head end-piece of said inner cylinder surrounding and slidably engaging said piston rod to form a rod-guide therefor, a packing situated in the head end chamber formed between the head end-pieces and surrounding said piston rod, a spring in said head end chamber engaging the head end-piece of said inner cylinder and pressing the packing against the head end-piece of said outer cylinder, the foot end-piece of said inner cylinder being formed with a central bore passing axially therethrough and with a plurality of additional axial bores passing therethrough and circumferentially distributed about said central axial bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, the latter central and axial bores providing communication between the interior of said inner cylinder beneath said piston and the foot end chamber defined between the foot end-pieces of said inner and outer cylinders, a central valve stem extending axially through said central bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and carrying at one end a valve member for closing said central bore and at an opposite end a collar, an inner spring acting on said collar and extending around said stem in said central bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder for urging said valve member to a closed position at one end face of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, an annular valve plate engaging aN opposed end face of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and having a closed position covering said additional axial bores, and an outer spring of tapered configuration engaging said collar and said annular valve plate for urging the latter to a closed position closing said additional axial bores of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, said inner and outer springs thus urging said valve member and valve plate in opposed directions against opposed end faces of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and respectively being differently calibrated to provide for selective control of liquid flow through said central bore, on the one hand, and said additional axial bores, on the other hand, of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder in response to movement of said piston in different directions, respectively, said piston carrying a pair of piston valve means one of which includes a pair of valve units which are differently calibrated for providing liquid flow through said piston from one side to the other side thereof in response to different pressures during displacement of said piston in said inner cylinder in one direction and the other of which includes a pair of differently calibrated valve units for providing liquid flow through said piston from the other to said one side thereof in response to different pressures during movement of said piston in an opposite direction in said inner cylinder, said head and foot end-pieces of said inner cylinder being in the form of sintered bodies, said piston including an intermediate body and a pair of end plates engaging said intermediate body, said intermediate body also being in the form of a sintered body, each valve unit including a pair of bores extending axially through said intermediate body and a pair of openings in each end plate registering with the latter pair of bores, a cylindrical valve body in one of said bores of each valve unit, a spring in said one bore of each valve unit urging said cylindrical body to a closed position engaging an opening of an end plate, said axial bores of each valve unit communicating with each other next to the end plate toward which said cylindrical valve body is urged by said spring which acts on said cylindrical valve body, so that when the latter is displaced to an open position in opposition to the latter spring liquid will flow past the cylindrical valve body to that one of the bores of each valve unit which does not contain the cylindrical valve body and out through an opening in an opposed end plate which registers with the latter bore which does not contain the cylindrical valve body, and said intermediate body of said piston being formed with a permanently open cutout communicating with at least one of said bores of one of said valve units which does not contain a cylindrical valve body to provide a permanently open path of fluid flow through said pistons, the bores of each end plate which are closed by the cylindrical valve bodies of each piston valve means being of different diameters.

Claim 5

In a telescopic hydraulic shock-absorber, an outer cylinder having a pair of opposed head and foot end pieces closing opposed ends of said outer cylinder and respectively having inner tapered surfaces, said head end-piece of said outer cylinder being formed with a central opening, an inner cylinder coaxially arranged within said outer cylinder and also having a pair of opposed head and foot end-pieces respectively closing opposed ends of said inner cylinder, said end-pieces of said inner cylinder having outer tapered surfaces respectively engaging said inner tapered surfaces of said opposed end-pieces of said outer cylinder for centering said inner cylinder within said outer cylinder, said opposed end-pieces of said outer cylinder respectively extending axially beyond said opposed end-pieces of said inner cylinder to define therewith a pair of opposed end chambers, and said inner cylinder being spaced inwardly from and surrounded by said outer cylinder between said end-pieces of said inner cylinder to define between said end-pieces of said inner cylinder an elongated annular space between said outer and inner cylinders, said end-pieces of said inner cylinder being formed at said exterior tapered surfaces thereof with radial grooves circumferentially distributed about the common axis of said cylinders to provide free communication between said end chambers and said elongated annular chamber between said cylinders, the head end-piece of said inner cylinder being formed with a central opening coaxially aligned with the central opening of the head end-piece of said outer cylinder, a piston rod extending through the latter openings into the interior of said inner cylinder and carrying in the latter a piston slidably engaging the inner surface of said inner cylinder, said head end-piece of said inner cylinder surrounding and slidably engaging said piston rod to form a rod-guide therefor, a packing situated in the head end chamber formed between the head end-pieces and surrounding said piston rod, a spring in said head end chamber engaging the head end-piece of said inner cylinder and pressing the packing against the head end-piece of said outer cylinder, the foot end-piece of said inner cylinder being formed with a central bore passing axially therethrough and with a plurality of additional axial bores passing therethrough and circumferentially distributed about said central axial bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, the latter central and axial bores providing communication between the interior of said inner cylinder beneath said piston and the foot end chamber defined between the foot end-pieces of said inner and outer cylinders, a central valve stem extending axially through said central bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and carrying at one end a valve member for closing said central bore and at an opposite end a collar, an inner spring acting on said collar and extending around said stem in said central bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder for urging said valve member to a closed position at one end face of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, an annular valve plate engaging an opposed end face of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and having a closed position covering said additional axial bores, and an outer spring of tapered configuration engaging said collar and said annular valve plate for urging the latter to a closed position closing said additional axial bores of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, said inner and outer springs thus urging said valve member and valve plate in opposed directions against opposed end faces of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and respectively being differently calibrated to provide for selective control of liquid flow through said central bore, on the one hand, and said additional axial bores, on the other hand, of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder in response to movement of said piston in different directions, respectively, said piston carrying a pair of piston valve means one of which includes a pair of valve units which are differently calibrated for providing liquid flow through said piston from one side to the other side thereof in response to different pressures during displacement of said piston in said inner cylinder in one direction and the other of which includes a pair of differently calibrated valve units for providing liquid flow through said piston from the other to said one side thereof in response to different pressures during movement of said piston in an opposite direction in said inner cylinder, said head and foot end-pieces of said inner cylinder being in the form of sintered bodies, said piston including an intermediate body and a pair of end plates engaging said intermediate body, said intermediate body also being in the form of a sintered body, each valve unit including a pair of bores extending axially through said intermediate body and a pair of openings in each end plate registering with the latter pair of boRes, a cylindrical valve body in one of said bores of each valve unit, a spring in said one bore of each valve unit urging said cylindrical body to a closed position engaging an opening of an end plate, said axial bores of each valve unit communicating with each other next to the end plate toward which said cylindrical valve body is urged by said spring which acts on said cylindrical valve body, so that when the latter is displaced to an open position in opposition to the latter spring liquid will flow past the cylindrical valve body to that one of the bores of each valve unit which does not contain the cylindrical valve body and out through an opening in an opposed end plate which registers with the latter bore which does not contain the cylindrical valve body, and said intermediate body of said piston being formed with a permanently open cutout communicating with at least one of said bores of one of said valve units which does not contain a cylindrical valve body to provide a permanently open path of fluid flow through said piston, the opening in each end plate of said piston which registers with that one of the axial bores of each valve unit which does not contain the cylindrical body being of a venturi-shaped configuration.

Claim 6

In a telescopic hydraulic shock-absorber, an outer cylinder having a pair of opposed head and foot end pieces closing opposed ends of said outer cylinder and respectively having inner tapered surfaces, said head end-piece of said outer cylinder being formed with a central opening, an inner cylinder coaxially arranged within said outer cylinder and also having a pair of opposed head and foot end-pieces respectively closing opposed ends of said inner cylinder, said end-pieces of said inner cylinder having outer tapered surfaces respectively engaging said inner tapered surfaces of said opposed end-pieces of said outer cylinder for centering said inner cylinder within said outer cylinder, said opposed end-pieces of said outer cylinder respectively extending axially beyond said opposed end-pieces of said inner cylinder to define therewith a pair of opposed end chambers, and said inner cylinder being spaced inwardly from and surrounded by said outer cylinder between said end-pieces of said inner cylinder to define between said end-pieces of said inner cylinder an elongated annular space between said outer and inner cylinders, said end-pieces of said inner cylinder being formed at said exterior tapered surfaces thereof with radial grooves circumferentially distributed about the common axis of said cylinders to provide free communication between said end chambers and said elongated annular chamber between said cylinders, the head end-piece of said inner cylinder being formed with a central opening coaxially aligned with the central opening of the head end-piece of said outer cylinder, a piston rod extending through the latter openings into the interior of said inner cylinder and carrying in the latter a piston slidably engaging the inner surface of said inner cylinder, said head end-piece of said inner cylinder surrounding and slidably engaging said piston rod to form a rod-guide therefor, a packing situated in the head end chamber formed between the head end-pieces and surrounding said piston rod, a spring in said head end chamber engaging the head end-piece of said inner cylinder and pressing the packing against the head end-piece of said outer cylinder, the foot end-piece of said inner cylinder being formed with a central bore passing axially therethrough and with a plurality of additional axial bores passing therethrough and circumferentially distributed about said central axial bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, the latter central and axial bores providing communication between the interior of said inner cylinder beneath said piston and the foot end chamber defined between the foot end-pieces of said inner and outer cylinders, a central valve stem extending axially through said central bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and carrying at one end a valve member for closing said central bore and at an opposite end a collar, an inner spring acting on said collar and extending around said stem in said central bore of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder for urging said valve member to a closed position at one end face of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, an annular valve plate engaging an opposed end face of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and having a closed position covering said additional axial bores, and an outer spring of tapered configuration engaging said collar and said annular valve plate for urging the latter to a closed position closing said additional axial bores of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder, said inner and outer springs thus urging said valve member and valve plate in opposed directions against opposed end faces of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder and respectively being differently calibrated to provide for selective control of liquid flow through said central bore, on the one hand, and said additional axial bores, on the other hand, of said foot end-piece of said inner cylinder in response to movement of said piston in different directions, respectively, said piston carrying a pair of piston valve means one of which includes a pair of valve units which are differently calibrated for providing liquid flow through said piston from one side to the other side thereof in response to different pressures during displacement of said piston in said inner cylinder in one direction and the other of which includes a pair of differently calibrated valve units for providing liquid flow through said piston from the other to said one side thereof in response to different pressures during movement of said piston in an opposite direction in said inner cylinder, said head and foot end-pieces of said inner cylinder being in the form of sintered bodies, said piston including an intermediate body and a pair of end plates engaging said intermediate body, said intermediate body also being in the form of a sintered body, each valve unit including a pair of bores extending axially through said intermediate body and a pair of openings in each end plate registering with the latter pair of boRes, a cylindrical valve body in one of said bores of each valve unit, a spring in said one bore of each valve unit urging said cylindrical body to a closed position engaging an opening of an end plate, said axial bores of each valve unit communicating with each other next to the end plate toward which said cylindrical valve body is urged by said spring which acts on said cylindrical valve body, so that when the latter is displaced to an open position in opposition to the latter spring liquid will flow past the cylindrical valve body to that one of the bores of each valve unit which does not contain the cylindrical valve body and out through an opening in an opposed end plate which registers with the latter bore which does not contain the cylindrical valve body, and said intermediate body of said piston being formed with a permanently open cutout communicating with at least one of said bores of one of said valve units which does not contain a cylindrical valve body to provide a permanently open path of fluid flow through said piston, the opening in each end plate of said piston which registers with that one of the axial bores of each valve unit which does not contain the cylindrical body being of a venturi-shaped configuration.