Photometer

Claim 2

In an optical comparison system, a device for quantitatively analyzing a test sample containing first and second materials with respect to a reference sample, each of said first and second materials partially absorbing light rays of a first wavelength, said first material partially absorbing light rays of a second wavelength, said second material being substantially incapable of absorbing the light rays of said second wavelength, said device comprising: a. a light source; b. first means for directing light rays emitted from said light source to said test sample for transmitting light therethrough; c. second means for detecting said light rays transmitted through said sample and for producing first and second electric signals, said first electric signal being proportional to the total transmittance of the light rays of said first wavelength transmitted by said first and second materials, said second electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of the light rays of said second wavelength transmitted by said first material; d. third means, disposed at a point on the optical path of said light rays between said light source and said second means, for selecting the wavelength of said light rays transmitted from said light source for permitting substantially only the light rays of said first and second wavelength to be transmitted to said third means; e. fourth means responsive to the output of said second means, for converting said first and second electric signals into third and fourth electric signals, respectively, said third electric signal being proportional to the total absorbance of the light rays of said first wavelength transmitted by said first and second materials, said fourth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of the light rays of said second wavelength transmitted by said first material; f. fifth means, responsive to the output of said fourth means, for producing a fifth electric signal representing the product of said fourth electric signal and a constant which is the ratio of the absorbance of the light rays of said first wavelength to that of the light rays of said second wavelength transmitted by said first material; g. sixth means, responsive to the outputs of said fourth and fifth means, for producing a sixth electric signal representing the difference between said third electric signal and said fifth electric signal and the product of said difference and a density conversion coefficient; and h. seventh means responsive to the output of said sixth means, for utilizing the value of said sixth electric signal.

Claim 3

In an optical comparison system, a sample measuring device for quantitatively analyzing a test sample containing first and second materials with respect to a reference sample, each of said first and second materials partially absorbing light rays of a first wavelength, said first material partially absorbing light rays of a second wavelength, said second material being substantially incapable of absorbing the light rays of said second wavelength, said device comprising: a. a light source; b. a reference sample; c. first means for directing light rays emitted from said light source to said test sample and said reference sample for transmitting light therethrough; d. second means for detecting said light rays transmitted through said reference and test samples and for producing first, second and third electric signals, said first electric signal being proportional to the total transmittance of the light rays of said fiRst wavelength transmitted by said first and second materials of said test sample, said second electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of the light rays of said second wavelength transmitted by said first material of said test sample, said third electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of the light rays of one of said first and second wavelengths transmitted by said reference sample; e. third means disposed at a point on the optical path of said light rays between said light source and said second means for selecting the wavelength of said light rays transmitted from said light source permitting transmission of substantially only the light rays of said first and second wavelength; f. fourth means, coupled to said second means, for controlling the sensitivity of said second means by comparing said third electric signal with a reference electric signal; g. fifth means, responsive to the output of said fourth means, for maintaining the controlled sensitivity of said second means substantially constant while said first and second electric signals are selectively produced; h. sixth means, responsive to the output of said second means, for converting said first and second electric signals into fourth and fifth signals respectively, said fourth electric signal being proportional to the total absorbance of the light rays of said first wavelength transmitted by said first and second materials of said test sample, said fifth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of the light rays of said second wavelength transmitted by said first material of said test sample; i. seventh means, responsive to the output of said sixth means for producing a sixth electric signal representing the product of said fifth electric signal and a constant which is the ratio of the absorbance of the light rays of said first wavelength to the absorbance of the light rays of said second wavelength transmitted by said first material of said test sample; j. eighth means, responsive to the output of said sixth means, for holding said fourth electric signal while said sixth electric signal is produced; k. ninth means, responsive to the outputs of said seventh and eighth means, for producing a seventh electric signal representing the difference between said fourth and sixth electric signals and the product of said difference and a density conversion coefficient; and l. 10th means, responsive to the output of said ninth means, utilizing the value of said seventh electric signal.

Claim 4

In an optical comparison system, a sample measuring device for quantitatively analyzing a test sample containing first and second materials with respect to a reference sample, each of said first and second materials partially absorbing light rays of a first wavelength, said first material partially absorbing light rays of a second wavelength, said second material being substantially incapable of absorbing the light rays of said second wavelength, said device comprising: a. a light source; b. a reference sample; c. first means for directing light rays emitted from said light source to said test sample and said reference sample for transmitting light therethrough; d. second means for detecting said light rays transmitted through said reference and test samples and for producing first, second and third electric signals, said first electric signal being proportional to the total transmittance of the light rays of said fiRst wavelength transmitted by said first and second materials of said test sample, said second electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of the light rays of said second wavelength transmitted by said first material of said test sample, said third electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of the light rays of one of said first and second wavelengths transmitted by said reference sample; e. third means disposed at a point on the optical path of said light rays between said light source and said second means for selecting the wavelength of said light rays transmitted from said light source permitting transmission of substantially only the light rays of said first and second wavelength; f. fourth means, coupled to said second means, for controlling the sensitivity of said second means by comparing said third electric signal with a reference electric signal; g. fifth means, responsive to the output of said fourth means, for maintaining the controlled sensitivity of said second means substantially constant while said first and second electric signals are selectively produced; h. sixth means, responsive to the output of said second means, for converting said first and second electric signals into fourth and fifth signals respectively, said fourth electric signal being proportional to the total absorbance of the light rays of said first wavelength transmitted by said first and second materials of said test sample, said fifth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of the light rays of said second wavelength transmitted by said first material of said test sample; i. seventh means, responsive to the output of said sixth means for producing a sixth electric signal representing the product of said fifth electric signal and a constant which is the ratio of the absorbance of the light rays of said first wavelength to the absorbance of the light rays of said second wavelength transmitted by said first material of said test sample; j. eighth means, responsive to the output of said sixth means, for holding said fourth electric signal while said sixth electric signal is produced; k. ninth means, responsive to the outputs of said seventh and eighth means, for producing a seventh electric signal representing the difference between said fourth and sixth electric signals and the product of said difference and a density conversion coefficient; and l. 10th means, responsive to the output of said ninth means, utilizing the value of said seventh electric signal.

Claim 5

An optical sample measuring device according to claim 2, wherein said ninth means comprises: means for converting said seventh electric signal into an eighth electric signal representing the concentration of said second material of said test sample; and said 10th means comprises means for displaying the value of said eighth electric signal.

Claim 6

An optical sample measuring device according to claim 3, wherein said third means includes: a first optical filter for transmitting substantially only the light rays of said first wavelength, a second optical filter for transmitting substantially only the light rays of said second wavelength, and means for selectively bringing said first and second optical filters to said optical path at a point between said light source and said reference and test samples.

Claim 7

In an optical comparison system, a device for quantitatively analyzing a test sample containing first, second and third materials with respect to a reference sample, each of said first, second and third materials partially absorbing a first monochromatic light beam, said first material partially absorbing a second monochromatic light beam, and being substantially incapable of absorbing a third monochromatic light beam, said second material partially absorbing said third monochromatic light beam and being substantially incapable of absorbing said second monochromatic light beam, said third material being substantially incapaBle of absorbing both of said second and third monochromatic light beams, said device comprising: a. a light source for generating a beam of light; b. first means for selectively converting said beam of light into said first, second and third monochromatic light beams which selectively pass along a single light path; c. second means for selectively directing said first, second and third monochromatic light beams to said test sample over said single light path; d. third means, disposed in said path, for selectively detecting said first, second and third monochromatic light beams transmitted through said test sample, and selectively producing first, second and third electric signals, said first electric signal being proportional to the total transmittance of said first monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first, second and third materials, said second electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material, and said third electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted by said second material; e. fourth means, responsive to the output of said third means, for converting said first, second and third electric signals into fourth, fifth nd sixth electric signals, said fourth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam transmitted said first, second and third materials, said fifth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material, and said sixth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted by said second material; f. fifth means, responsive to the output of said fourth means, for producing a seventh electric signal representing the product of said fifth electric signal and a first constant, which is the ratio of the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam to that of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material; g. sixth means, responsive to the output of said fourth means, for producing an eighth electric signal representing the product of said sixth electric signal and a second constant which is the ratio of the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam to that of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted to said second material; h. seventh means, responsive to the outputs of said fourth, fifth and sixth means; for subtracting said seventh and eighth electric signals from said fourth electric signal, producing a ninth electric signal representing the result of the subtraction and the product of said difference and a density conversion coefficient, and i. eighth means, responsive to the output of said seventh means, for utilizing the value of said ninth electric signal.

Claim 8

In an optical comparison system, a device for quantitatively analyzing a test sample containing first, second and third materials with respect to a reference sample, each of said first, second and third materials partially absorbing a first monochromatic light beam, said first material partially absorbing a second monochromatic light beam, and being substantially incapable of absorbing a third monochromatic light beam, said second material partially absorbing said third monochromatic light beam and being substantially incapable of absorbing said second monochromatic light beam, said third material being substantially incapaBle of absorbing both of said second and third monochromatic light beams, said device comprising: a. a light source for generating a beam of light; b. first means for selectively converting said beam of light into said first, second and third monochromatic light beams which selectively pass along a single light path; c. second means for selectively directing said first, second and third monochromatic light beams to said test sample over said single light path; d. third means, disposed in said path, for selectively detecting said first, second and third monochromatic light beams transmitted through said test sample, and selectively producing first, second and third electric signals, said first electric signal being proportional to the total transmittance of said first monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first, second and third materials, said second electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material, and said third electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted by said second material; e. fourth means, responsive to the output of said third means, for converting said first, second and third electric signals into fourth, fifth nd sixth electric signals, said fourth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam transmitted said first, second and third materials, said fifth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material, and said sixth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted by said second material; f. fifth means, responsive to the output of said fourth means, for producing a seventh electric signal representing the product of said fifth electric signal and a first constant, which is the ratio of the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam to that of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material; g. sixth means, responsive to the output of said fourth means, for producing an eighth electric signal representing the product of said sixth electric signal and a second constant which is the ratio of the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam to that of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted to said second material; h. seventh means, responsive to the outputs of said fourth, fifth and sixth means; for subtracting said seventh and eighth electric signals from said fourth electric signal, producing a ninth electric signal representing the result of the subtraction and the product of said difference and a density conversion coefficient, and i. eighth means, responsive to the output of said seventh means, for utilizing the value of said ninth electric signal.

Claim 9

In an optical device for quantitatively analyzing a test sample containing first, second and third materials with respect to a reference sample, each of said first, second and third materials partially absorbing a first monochromatic light beam, said first material partially absorbing a second monochromatic light beam and being substantially incapable of absorbing a third monochromatic light beam, said second material partially absorbing said third monochromatic light beam and being substantially incapable of absorbing said second monochromatic light beam, said second material partially absorbing said third monochromatic light beam and being substantially incapable of absorbing said second monochromatic light beam, said third material being substantially incapable of absorbing both of said second and third monochromatic light beams, said device comprising: a. a light source for generating a beam of light along a single light path b. a reference sample; c. first means for selectively converting said beam of light into first, second and third monochromatic light beams; d. second meanS, coupled to said first means, for selectively directing said first, second and third monochromatic light beams to said reference and test samples; e. third means for selectively detecting said first, second and third monochromatic beams transmitted through said reference and test samples and selectively producing first, second, third and fourth electric signals, said first electric signal being proportional to the total transmittance of said first monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first, second and third materials of said test sample, said second electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material of said test sample, said third electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted by said second material of said test sample, and said fourth electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of one of said first, second and third monochromatic light beams transmitted by said reference sample; f. fourth means, coupled to said third means, for controlling the sensitivity of said third means by comparing said fourth electric signal with a reference electric signal; g. fifth means, coupled to said fourth means, for maintaining the controlled sensitivity of said third means substantially constant while said first, second and third electric signals are selectively produced; h. sixth means, responsive to the outputs of said third means, for converting said first, second and third electric signals into fifth, sixth and seventh electric signals, said fifth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first, second and third materials of said test sample, said sixth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material of said test sample, and said seventh electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted by said second material of said test sample; i. seventh means, responsive to the outputs of said sixth means, for producing an eighth electric signal representing the product of said sixth electric signal and a constant which is the ratio of the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam to that of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material of said test samples; j. eighth means, responsive to the output of said sixth means, for producing an ninth electric signal representing the product of said seventh electric signal and another constant which is the ratio of the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam to that of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted by said second material of said test sample; k. ninth means, responsive to the output of one of said seventh and eighth means, for holding one of said respective eighth and ninth electric signals while the other signal is produced; l. 10th means, responsive to the outputs of said sixth, eighth and ninth means for subtracting said eighth and ninth electric signals from said fifth electric signal, producing a 10th electric signal representing the result of the subtraction and the product of said difference and a density conversion coefficient; and m. 11th means, responsive to the output of said 10th means, for utilizing the value of said tenth electric signal.

Claim 10

In an optical device for quantitatively analyzing a test sample containing first, second and third materials with respect to a reference sample, each of said first, second and third materials partially absorbing a first monochromatic light beam, said first material partially absorbing a second monochromatic light beam and being substantially incapable of absorbing a third monochromatic light beam, said second material partially absorbing said third monochromatic light beam and being substantially incapable of absorbing said second monochromatic light beam, said second material partially absorbing said third monochromatic light beam and being substantially incapable of absorbing said second monochromatic light beam, said third material being substantially incapable of absorbing both of said second and third monochromatic light beams, said device comprising: a. a light source for generating a beam of light along a single light path b. a reference sample; c. first means for selectively converting said beam of light into first, second and third monochromatic light beams; d. second meanS, coupled to said first means, for selectively directing said first, second and third monochromatic light beams to said reference and test samples; e. third means for selectively detecting said first, second and third monochromatic beams transmitted through said reference and test samples and selectively producing first, second, third and fourth electric signals, said first electric signal being proportional to the total transmittance of said first monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first, second and third materials of said test sample, said second electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material of said test sample, said third electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted by said second material of said test sample, and said fourth electric signal being proportional to the transmittance of one of said first, second and third monochromatic light beams transmitted by said reference sample; f. fourth means, coupled to said third means, for controlling the sensitivity of said third means by comparing said fourth electric signal with a reference electric signal; g. fifth means, coupled to said fourth means, for maintaining the controlled sensitivity of said third means substantially constant while said first, second and third electric signals are selectively produced; h. sixth means, responsive to the outputs of said third means, for converting said first, second and third electric signals into fifth, sixth and seventh electric signals, said fifth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first, second and third materials of said test sample, said sixth electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material of said test sample, and said seventh electric signal being proportional to the absorbance of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted by said second material of said test sample; i. seventh means, responsive to the outputs of said sixth means, for producing an eighth electric signal representing the product of said sixth electric signal and a constant which is the ratio of the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam to that of said second monochromatic light beam transmitted by said first material of said test samples; j. eighth means, responsive to the output of said sixth means, for producing an ninth electric signal representing the product of said seventh electric signal and another constant which is the ratio of the absorbance of said first monochromatic light beam to that of said third monochromatic light beam transmitted by said second material of said test sample; k. ninth means, responsive to the output of one of said seventh and eighth means, for holding one of said respective eighth and ninth electric signals while the other signal is produced; l. 10th means, responsive to the outputs of said sixth, eighth and ninth means for subtracting said eighth and ninth electric signals from said fifth electric signal, producing a 10th electric signal representing the result of the subtraction and the product of said difference and a density conversion coefficient; and m. 11th means, responsive to the output of said 10th means, for utilizing the value of said tenth electric signal.

Claim 11

An optical sample measuring device according to claim 6, wherein said 10th means comprises: means for converting said ninth electric signal into a further electric signal representing the concentration of said third material; and said eleventh means comprises means for displaying the value of said further electric signal.

Claim 12

An optical sample measuring device according to claim 7, wherein said first means includes first, second and third optical filters for transmitting substantially only said firSt, second and third monochromatic light beams respectively, and means for selectively bringing said first, second and third optical filters into said single light path.