US3567915A
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Method of an apparatus for remotely determining the profile of fluid turbulence
Assignee: Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp
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Filing: 1969-07-22
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Granted: 1971-03-02
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Expires: 1989-07-22
Abstract
Abstract Apparatus and a method for remotely determining the profile of fluid turbulence such, for example, as clear-air turbulence. The intensity of an acoustic wave passing through a liquid, such as water, or the intensity of an electromagnetic wave, such as light, passing through air is determined at a plurality of different locations. In the electromagnetic case this may be done by a set of spaced telescopes and photosensitive devices or by optically scanning the density of a previously exposed photographic plate. An electric signal representative of the intensity of the acoustic or electromagnetic wave is then developed, and a second electrical signal is obtained which is representative of the spatial correlation function of the fluctuations of the logarithm of the first electrical signal. Thus, specifically the logarithm of the intensity is taken and the spatial correlation of the fluctuations is derived. Finally, a third signal is derived from the second signal. This third signal is representative of the integro-differential transform of the second signal. This third signal then represents the desired profile of, for example, the clear-air turbulence.
Inventors
- 👤 Saul Altshuler
- 👤 Donald Arnush
- 👤 Leonard Glatt
- 👤 Palos Verdes
- 👤 Arthur Peskoff
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 18:56
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06G; G06G7/00; G06G7/12; G06G7/19; G06G7/1928; G01; G01P; G01P5/00; G01S; G01S1/00; G01S1/72; G06E; G06E3/00; G06E3/001
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
113 words
Apparatus for remotely determining the profile of turbulence of a fluid by means of a periodic wave passing through the fluid comprising: a. first means for sensing the intensity of the periodic wave at different locations and for deriving a first electrical signal representative of the periodic wave intensity at said different locations; b. second means coupled to said first means for deriving a second electrical signal representative of the spatial correlation function of the fluctuations of the logarithm of said first electrical signal; and c. third means coupled to said second means for deriving a third electrical signal representative of the second signal, whereby said third signal represents the desired turbulence profile.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
113 words
Apparatus for remotely determining the profile of turbulence of a fluid by means of a periodic wave passing through the fluid comprising: a. first means for sensing the intensity of the periodic wave at different locations and for deriving a first electrical signal representative of the periodic wave intensity at said different locations; b. second means coupled to said first means for deriving a second electrical signal representative of the spatial correlation function of the fluctuations of the logarithm of said first electrical signal; and c. third means coupled to said second means for deriving a third electrical signal representative of the second signal, whereby said third signal represents the desired turbulence profile.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
124 words
Apparatus for remotely determining the profile of clear-air turbulence by means of an electromagnetic wave passing through the air comprising: a. first means for sensing the intensity of the electromagnetic wave at different locations and for deriving a first electrical signal representative of the electromagnetic wave intensity at said different locations; b. second means coupled to said first means for deriving a second electrical signal representative of the spatial correlation function of the fluctuations of the logarithm of said first electrical signal; c. third means coupled to said second means for deriving a third electrical signal representative of the integro-differential transform of said second signal; and d. display means coupled to said third means for displaying said third signal representing the desired air-turbulence profile.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
124 words
Apparatus for remotely determining the profile of clear-air turbulence by means of an electromagnetic wave passing through the air comprising: a. first means for sensing the intensity of the electromagnetic wave at different locations and for deriving a first electrical signal representative of the electromagnetic wave intensity at said different locations; b. second means coupled to said first means for deriving a second electrical signal representative of the spatial correlation function of the fluctuations of the logarithm of said first electrical signal; c. third means coupled to said second means for deriving a third electrical signal representative of the integro-differential transform of said second signal; and d. display means coupled to said third means for displaying said third signal representing the desired air-turbulence profile.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
42 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said first means includes a plurality Of telescopes for sensing the intensity of the electromagnetic wave in different locations, and a photoelectric device associated with each of said telescopes for deriving said first electrical signal.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
42 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said first means includes a lens for diverging the electromagnetic wave over an extended area within a predetermined plane, and a plurality of photoelectric devices disposed in said plane for deriving said first electrical signal.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
45 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said second means includes a logarithmic amplifier for deriving a signal representative of the logarithm of said first signal followed by a time-averager and a subtractor for obtaining the fluctuations of the logarithm of said first electrical signal.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
67 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said second means additionally includes a multiplier followed by an additional time-averager for deriving a plurality of signals, each being representative of the fluctuations of the logarithm of said first electrical signal corresponding to a plurality of said different locations, and a function compiler coupled to said additional time-averagers for deriving a composite signal representative of said spatial correlation function.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
36 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said third means includes a multiplier, an integrator, a summing network and a differentiating network for deriving said third signal representative of the integro-differential transform of said second signal.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
112 words
The method of remotely determining the profile of turbulence of fluid by means of a periodic wave passing through the fluid comprising the steps of: a. sensing the intensity of the periodic wave at a plurality of different locations; b. deriving a first electrical signal representative of the periodic wave intensity at the different locations; c. deriving a second electrical signal from the first electrical signal representative of the spatial correlation function of the fluctuations of the logarithm of the first electrical signal; and d. deriving a third electrical signal from the second electrical signal representative of the integro-differential transform of the second signal, the third signal representing the desired turbulence profile.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
112 words
The method of remotely determining the profile of turbulence of fluid by means of a periodic wave passing through the fluid comprising the steps of: a. sensing the intensity of the periodic wave at a plurality of different locations; b. deriving a first electrical signal representative of the periodic wave intensity at the different locations; c. deriving a second electrical signal from the first electrical signal representative of the spatial correlation function of the fluctuations of the logarithm of the first electrical signal; and d. deriving a third electrical signal from the second electrical signal representative of the integro-differential transform of the second signal, the third signal representing the desired turbulence profile.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method defined in claim 8 including the additional step of displaying the third electrical signal to display the desired turbulence profile.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
114 words
The method of remotely determining the profile of clear-air turbulence by means of an electromagnetic wave passing through the air and comprising the steps of: a. sensing the intensity of the electromagnetic wave at different locations; b. deriving a first electrical signal representative of the electromagnetic wave intensity at the different locations; c. deriving from the first electrical signal a second electrical signal representative of the spatial correlation function of the fluctuations of the logarithm of the first electrical signal; d. deriving from the second electrical signal a third electrical signal representative of the integro-differential transform of the second signal; and e. displaying the third electrical signal for displaying the desired clear-air turbulence profile.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
114 words
The method of remotely determining the profile of clear-air turbulence by means of an electromagnetic wave passing through the air and comprising the steps of: a. sensing the intensity of the electromagnetic wave at different locations; b. deriving a first electrical signal representative of the electromagnetic wave intensity at the different locations; c. deriving from the first electrical signal a second electrical signal representative of the spatial correlation function of the fluctuations of the logarithm of the first electrical signal; d. deriving from the second electrical signal a third electrical signal representative of the integro-differential transform of the second signal; and e. displaying the third electrical signal for displaying the desired clear-air turbulence profile.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method as defined in claim 10 including the additional steps of deriving from the first electrical signal a first auxiliary signal representative of the logarithm of the intensity of the electromagnetic wave at the different locations, deriving from the first auxiliary signal a second auxiliary signal representative of the fluctuations of the logarithm of the first auxiliary electrical signal, and deriving from the second auxiliary signal a third auxiliary signal representative of the spatial correlation function.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1974-03-01 | 1974-08-31 | 1975-03-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1978-03-01 | 1978-08-31 | 1979-03-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1982-03-01 | 1982-08-31 | 1983-03-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |